2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练11含解析
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2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练(11)李仕才AIt'sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruléelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.It'sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情),butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds,whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually,weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.Moreover,wedon'tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter—weinfercharactersthatweren'ttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize. Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn't. Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,peoplebecomewhattheydo,thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut'sadvice:"Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe."1.Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto .A.determineone'sbehaviorB.reflectone'stasteC.influenceone'ssurroundingsD.resultfromone'shabits2.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone'shonesty.11\nB.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.4.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。观其行知其人,那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢?1.A【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案。人们通常认为性格和态度决定一个人的行为。故选A。3.B【解析】考查推理判断。画线部分实际上是一个例子,例子前面往往是观点,因此根据画线部分前一句可知答案。我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响。故选B。4.C【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系,所以选择C项。B(2022·郑州质量检测三)YoumayhaveheardoftheAmericanDream,anidealthathaspoweredthehopesofAmericansforgenerations.ItbeganasabeliefthattheUSwasalandofopportunity,andthatanyonecouldachievesuccessthroughhardwork.Attimes,thedreamhasreferredtohome11\nownership,agoodjob,retirementsecurityoreachgenerationdoingbetterthanthelast.Yettoday,thisconceptseemstohavegreatlychanged.AsTimemagazinepointedout,quitedifferentfromtheoldergeneration,manyMillennials(thegenerationbornafter1980)redefine(重新定义)theAmericanDreamas“daytodaycontrolofyourlife”.They“prizejobmobility,flexibleschedules,anyworkthatismoreinterestingthantyping,andtheabilitytotravel”,saidthemagazine.Homeownership,oncethecornerstoneoftheAmericanDream,isbecomingasmallerpriorityforthisgeneration.Meanwhile,nearly40%ofthemchoosetravelaspartoftheirdream.Andentrepreneurship(创业)isarisingfavorite,asnearly26%ofMillennialsconsiderselfemploymentaspartoftheirdream.Sowhathasledtothishugechange?Manypointfingersatthepooreconomy.“ModernyoungAmericansseemboundtofaceaworldstampedbyevernarrowingopportunityandsocialstagnation(停滞),”notedTheDailyBeast.“TherateofMillennialsoutofschoolandoutofworkisunusuallyhighat15%.Manycollegegraduateshavetakenjobsthatdon’trequireadegree,”Timereported.Themagazineworriesthatthesedifficultiesmayleadtoalostgenerationwhoare“unabletoevertrulyfindtheirfeetonthecorporation’sladder”.DanKadlec,areporterofTime,seesMillennialsasresettingtheirexpectations.“Thissituationisdifferentforyoungadultstoday,”hewrote.“AtrueAmericandreamhastofeelattainable,andmanyMillennialsarefeelingtheycanonly11\nattainadaytodaylifestylethatsuitsthem.”1.Theunderlinedword“cornerstone”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.growth B.balanceC.basisD.purpose2.WhathaschangedMillennials’viewsoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtothepassage?A.Alackofconfidenceinthemselves.B.Fiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.C.Theirdissatisfactionwiththegovernment.D.Thediscouragingeconomyandunemployment.3.DanKadlecthinksMillennials’newdefinitionoftheAmericanDreamis________.A.beautifulB.understandableC.worryingD.positive4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.RedefinitionofAmericanDreamB.MeaningofAmericanDreamC.ValueofAchievingAmericanDreamD.HistoryofChangingAmericanDream【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了80后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。1.解析:选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Attimes,thedreamhasreferredtohomeownership,agoodjob,retirementsecurityoreachgenerationdoingbetterthan11\nthelast.”可知,最初的美国梦指的是房屋所有权、一份好的工作、退休保障或每一代比上一代做得好。根据第四段第一句“Homeownership,oncethecornerstoneoftheAmericanDream,isbecomingasmallerpriorityforthisgeneration.”可知,房屋所有权曾经是美国梦的基石,而对于这一代来说,却不那么重要了,由此可推知,画线词意为“基础”。故选C。2.解析:选D。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Manypointfingersatthepooreconomy.”和第七段第一句“TherateofMillennialsoutofschoolandoutofworkisunusuallyhighat15%.”可知,经济低迷和高失业率导致80后的美国人对美国梦的认识发生了巨大变化。故选D。3.解析:选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“AtrueAmericandreamhastofeelattainable,andmanyMillennialsarefeelingtheycanonlyattainadaytodaylifestylethatsuitsthem.”可知,真实的美国梦必须让人觉得可以实现,而许多80后的美国人觉得他们只能实现适合他们的日常生活方式;由此可推知,DanKadlec认为年轻人对美国梦的定义更符合社会现状,更容易实现,更符合情理。B项意为“合情理的,正常的”。故选B。4.解析:选A。标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了80后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。A项意为“美国梦的重新定义”,符合本文大意,适合作标题。故选A。CChelyabinsk,Russia—Ameteorite(陨石)movedquicklyacrosstheskyandexplodedovercentralRussiaonFeb.15,2022,rainingfireballsoveravastareaandcausingashockwavethatsmashedwindows,damagedbuildingsandinjured1,200people.PeopleheadingtoworkinChelyabinskheardwhatsoundedlikeanexplosion,sawabrightlightandthenfelttheshockwave,accordingtoaReutersjournalistintheindustrialcity1,500kmeastofMoscow.Thefireball,travellingataspeedof30kmpersecondaccordingtoRussianspaceagencyRoscosmos,hadblazed(熊熊燃烧)acrossthehorizon,leavingalongwhitetrail11\nthatcouldbeseenasfaras200kmaway.Caralarmswentoff,thousandsofwindowswerebrokenandmobilephonenetworkswereinterruptedforashorttime.TheInteriorMinistrysaidthemeteoriteexplosion,averyrarespectacle,alsoreleasedagreatexplosivesound.“Iwasdrivingtowork.Itwasquitedark,butitsuddenlybecamebrightasifitwereday,”saidViktorProkofiev,36,aresidentofYekaterinburgintheUralsMountains.“IfeltlikeIwasblindedbyheadlights.”Themeteorite,whichweighedabout10tonnesandmayhavebeenmadeofiron,enteredEarth’satmosphereandbrokeapart30km50kmabovegroundaccordingtoRussia’sAcademyofSciences.“TheenergyreleasedwhenitenteredtheEarth’satmospherewasequaltoafewkilotonnes,”theacademysaid,“thepowerofasmallatomicweaponexploding.”NodeathswerereportedbuttheEmergenciesMinistrysaid20,000rescueandcleanupworkersweresenttoUralsRegionafterPresidentVladimirPutintoldEmergenciesMinisterVladimirPuchkovtoeaseandhelpthevictims.TheInteriorMinistrysaidabout1,200peoplehadbeeninjured,atleast200ofthemchildren,andmostfrombrokenpiecesofglass.1.Whatdowelearnaboutthemeteoritefromthepassage?A.Itisaveryhugeballmadeofiron.B.Itquicklybrokeapartontheground.C.ItexplodedoverRussia’sUralsRegion.D.It’ssimilartoanAbombinweight.22.Theunderlinedword“smashed”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.broke B.meltedC.swallowed D.cleared3.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A.Moscowis1,500kilometersawayfromtheeastofChelyabinskB.manyhousesweredestroyed,withlotsofpeoplereportedmissingC.ViktorProkofievbecameblindafterseeingtherarespectacleD.theshockwavebrieflyinfluencedmobilephonenetworks4.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.“MeteoriteRush”BeginsinRussia11\nB.PresidentPutinOrdersAssistanceC.MeteoriteHitsRussia,1,200PeopleHurtD.MeteoriteFliesQuicklyAcrossRussia【参考答案】语篇解读 文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸,导致1200人受伤的事件。1.解析: 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“explodedovercentralRussiaonFeb.15,2022”以及倒数第二段中的“rescueandcleanupworkersweresenttoUralsRegion”可知,陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。答案: C2.解析: 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“causingashockwavethatsmashedwindows,damagedbuildingsandinjured1,200people”以及第四段中的“thousandsofwindowswerebroken”可推知smashed与broke的意思最接近。答案: A3.解析: 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“mobilephonenetworkswereinterruptedforashorttime”可知D项正确。答案: D4.解析: 主旨大意题。第一段是本则新闻的主旨,C项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”,又报道了其后果“1200人受伤”,所以选C项。答案: C。D(2022·日照检测二)Whilemostteenagerswerestudyingtogetintoatopuniversity,one19yearoldboywasstarringinhisfirstmovie,BlueGateCrossing.ItwasafilmaboutloveoncampusanditwaswellreceivedinTaiwan.ManysayitwasthisfilmthatputBolinCheninpositionforhislaterglitteringcareerinshowbusiness.Infact,itwasnotuntilheplayedatroubledyoungmaninthemovieBuddhaMountainthatheregainedhispassionforacting.Whilebeingcalleda“youthidol”mayseemlikeacompliment,itisatitlethatChenhastriedtoshakeoff.Hebelievesthatayouthidolmeansyousimplyrely11\nonyourappearance,notyouractingtalent.ThemostimportantthingforChennowistotakemoreinitiative(主动性)asanactor.“Tome,anactorislikeachesspiece,waitingforproducersanddirectorstoputhimsomewheretheywanthimtobe,”Chen,toldNetEase.“ButIwanttobethegameplayer.”Heeventookhisambitionastepfurther—settinguphisownproductioncompany.ButjustwhenChenstartedtofocusonoffscreenwork,hislifeonscreentookanotherturn.HewonthetitleofBestLeadingActoratthe2022GoldenBellAwardsonOct.26forhisroleinhitTVdramaInTimewithYou.Whenaskedwhyheacceptedthepart,whichisanother“youthidol”role,hetoldYangchengEveningNews,“Iplayeditformygrandfather.HetoldeveryonearoundthatIamanactor,butIusedtoplayinmovies,notTVseries.Nowheisinthehospital.IhopethathecanwatchmyperformancesbysimplyturningontheTV.”Chenisaveteran(老手)intheentertainmentworld,butunlikemanystars,hehasn’tledaluxuriouslife.Hedoesn’tevenhaveacarbutwalks,ridesabikeortakesataxiwheneverhegoesout.Hedoesn’thaveahouse,either.“Everyonewilleventuallyfindsomeplacetoliveanyway,whybothertobuyproperty(地产)?”heaskedTaiwanmagazineBusinessToday.1.WhatdoesBolinChenthinkofhistitle“youthidol”?A.Helikesitverymuch.B.Hethinksitacompliment.C.Hewantstogetridofit.11\nD.Heisnotworthyofit.2.BolinChen’swordsinPara.4suggestthathe______.A.likestoplaygamessuchaschessB.wantstotakeanactivepartinproducinghisfilmsC.cannotgetalongwellwithsomedirectorsD.thinksproducersaremoreimportantinmakingafilm3.BolinChenplayedapartintheTVdramaInTimewithYoubecausehe______.A.failedinoffscreenworkB.hadbecomea“youthidol”C.wantedtodelighthisgrandfatherD.wantedtosucceedinthenewfield4.ThemainideaofthelastparagraphisthatBolinChen______.A.isaveteranintheentertainmentworldB.hasn’tmademuchmoneyfromhisworkC.doesn’tliketheentertainmentworldD.prefersadifferentlifestylefrommoststars【解题导语】 本文介绍了演员陈柏霖的不同之处,他不喜欢别人称呼自己为“青春偶像”,他努力拍戏,却没有像其他明星一样过着奢侈的生活。1.解析:选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Whilebeingcalleda‘youthidol’mayseemlikeacompliment,itisatitlethatChenhastriedtoshakeoff.”可知,陈柏霖并不喜欢别人赞美自己为“青春偶像”,他想要摆脱这个称赞,故选C项。2.解析:选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ButIwanttobethegameplayer.”可知,作为一名演员,他想更加主动地参与电影的制作,故选B项。11\n3.解析:选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Iplayeditformygrandfather”和“IhopethathecanwatchmyperformancesbysimplyturningontheTV.”可知,他拍这个电视剧是为了让爷爷一打开电视就能看到他的表演,即为了使爷爷高兴,故选C项。4.解析:选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Chenisaveteran(老手)intheentertainmentworld,butunlikemanystars,hehasn’tledaluxuriouslife.”可知,本句总领本段,指出陈柏霖和其他大多数明星的不同之处,他没有过着奢侈的生活,故选D项。E(2022·深圳第一次调研)Muchinformationcanbeconveyed,purelythroughoureyes,sotheexpression“eyesalsotalk”isoftenheard.Canyourecallanyexperiencethatfurtherprovesthisstatement?Onabusyoumayquicklyglanceatastranger,butnotmakeeyecontact.Ifhesensesthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.Itisthesameindailylife.Ifyouarestaredatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangryaboutother’sstaringatyouthatway.Eyesdoconveyinformation,right?Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostaringattheoppositesex.Ifamanlooksatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoturnawayhisgaze(注视),hisintentionsareobvious.Thatis,hewishestoattractherattention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisshowingaffectionforher.However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,totellhimthatheisattentive.Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestocontrolyou,youwillfeeluneasy.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim,sincehebelievesthefalseideathattolookstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.Infact,continuouseyecontacthappensbetweenloversonly,whowillenjoy11\nlookingateachothertenderlyforalongtime,toshowlovethatwordscannotexpress.Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandthespecificsituation.1.Whatmayapersonusuallydoonabus?A.Glanceatastrangerwitheyecontact.B.Useeyestotalktoastrangerpolitely.C.Glanceatastrangerwithouteyecontact.D.Talktoastrangerpolitelyafteraquickglance.2.Whatdoesitmeanifamanlooksatawomanforover10seconds?A.Helikeshereyes.B.Headmiresher.C.Heknowsherwell.D.Hemakescontactwithher.3.Whyisapoorliareasytobeseenthrough?A.Hethinksthatheishonest.B.Hewantstocontrolthevictim.C.Hefeelsuneasyaboutothers’eyecontact.D.Helooksstraightatthevictimfortoolongatime.4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.EyesCanSpeakB.EyeContactMattersC.Don’tStareatOthersD.UseYourEyeContact参考答案1—4、CBDA11
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