2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练19含解析

2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（19）李仕才A(2022·兰州高考诊断考试)Mostepisodesofabsentmindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”Encoding，Schacterexplains，isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateanannoyingsituation.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe(衣柜).“Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou,”saysSchacter.“Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsentmindedness.“Amanwhorecitessportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,”saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.”Womenhaveslightlybettermemorythanmen,possiblybecausetheyaremoreinterestedinwhat’shappeningaroundthem,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Visualcues(提示)canhelppreventabsentmindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,”hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don’tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsentmindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou’rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,”saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou’lllikelyremember.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“episodes”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Experiences.　　B．Experiments.11\nC．Expressions.D．Feelings.2．Accordingtothepassage,womenhavebettermemorythanmenprobablybecause________．A．theyhaveawiderrangeofinterestsB．theyalwaysputthingswheretheywereC．theypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironmentD．theyprefertowritenotestotellthemselveswhattheyshoulddo3．WhatcanhelppreventabsentmindednessaccordingtoSchacter?A．Writingnotes.B．Takingsomemedicine.C．Puttingsomethinginsight.D．Returningtowhereyouwere.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AWayofRecallingB．TheImportanceofEncodingC．CuresforAbsentmindednessD．CausesandCopingStrategiesofAbsentmindedness参考答案1—4、ACCDB(2022·山西大学附中第五次月考)Paperisacheapandaccessiblemediumthatcanproducebeautifulresults.Tomostpeople，makingapaperplanecouldbeoneofthesimplestthingstodo.It’sthesimplestandeasiestformofpaperart.AndpaperartcanbetracedbacktoJapan,whereitoriginatedoverathousandyearsago.However,there’saspecialminoritywhotakes11\npaperarttothenextlevel，magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperintosomeofthemostamazingartworks.Checkoutthefollowingartistsandtheirworks!TheDanishartistPeterCallesenisfamousforhistalentincombiningtheminimalism(极简的)ofawhitesheetofpaperwiththecomplexityofcarefullycutandfoldedpaperandusesthetwotobuildoutsomepleasingworks.TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores—tolookformaterialswithwhichshecancarveoutdelicatesculptures.Themodelslookasifthey“grow”naturallyfromthepagesofthebooks.Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinsideandthenspendsmonthscarefullyslicingeachoneintoaneyecatchingpapermodel.Heroldbooksculpturessellforupto￡5，000each.Bycarefullyfoldingsimplepiecesofpaper,GermanartistSimonSchubertcreatesamazingmasterpieces.Heturnspaperintoarchitecturalmasterpiecesbyfoldingasimplepieceofpapertoshapethecreases(褶痕),thenunfoldingittoshowthefascinatingartwork.AnothermasterofpaperfoldingisJenStark.Herartworkisoftenintheformofcolorfulcavesandtopographic(地形的)maps.Usinghervividimaginationandaspecialknife,sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic，complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes.Herworkdrawsinspirationfromnature.1．Accordingtothepassage,paperart________．A．isaboutplanefolding11\nB．ismostprosperousinJapanC．datesbackto1000B．C.D．isnowonanewlevel2．TheBritishartistmentionedinthepassage________．A．combinestheminimalismandcomplexityofpaperB．oftengetsinspiredbysecondhandbooksC．makesarchitecturalmasterpieceswithSimonSchubertD．isamagicianwhousessimplepapermaterials3．Accordingtothepassage,JenStark________．A．isfromGermanyB．usespapertobuildcomplicatedshapesC．createsthingstoopuzzlingtounderstandD．worksalsoasamagician4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“humble”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Commonandpopular.B．Simpleandcheap.C．Uselessandpriceless.D．Numbandmeaningless.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。纸艺术历史悠久，当今纸艺术已发展到了一个新高度。本文主要介绍了几个在纸艺术方面造诣颇深的艺术家。1．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，there’saspecialminoritywhotakespaperarttothenextlevel，magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperintosomeofthemostamazing11\nartworks.”可知，现在有一些人能魔术般地将普通的白纸或彩纸制作成令人惊叹的艺术作品，将纸艺术发展到了一个新的水平。故答案选D。2．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores...Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinside”可知，文章中所提到的这位英国艺术家经常从旧书中得到灵感。故答案选B。3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic，complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes”可知，JenStark可以将纸变成形状复杂、令人惊异的艺术作品。故答案选B。4．解析：选B。词义猜测题。“humble”后面的“constructionpaperandglue”意为“美术纸和胶水”，且和下文“fantastic，complicatedsculptures”形成对比可知，美术纸和胶水都是一些很简单且便宜的物品；由此可推知，“humble”的意思应为“简单的，便宜的”。故答案选B。CBLOODDRIVE＆MARROW（骨髓）REGISTRATION“Thesepatientsdeserveachanceatanormal,happyfutureandtheyrelyonthekindnessofthestrangerstomakethathappen.—Daisy,Isabelle’sMotherIsabelleisthedaughterofDaisyandSamanMirzaei.InJanuary2022Isabellewasdiagnosed（诊断）withageneticblooddisorder，betathalassemia.Isabelle’sbodyisunabletoproducehealthyredbloodcells.Asaresult,Isabellehasbeenreceivingbloodtransfusions(输血)every4-6weekssinceshewas11monthsold.Alifetimeofregulartransfusionscanleadtoseriousmedicalproblems.Heronlychanceatanormal,healthylifeistohaveamarrowtransplant.Isabelleisanonlychild,sodoctorshavestartedasearchforanunrelatedmarrowdonorthroughTheMatchRegistry.TheMirzaeifamilyasksthatyouconsiderhelpingpatientslikeIsabellebyregisteringtobeamarrowdonorandgivethegiftoflife,thegiftofblood.11\nHeldatWileyHallWednesday,March26,2022BehindHeathmanDormitory/ButterfieldRd.12:00PM-6:00PMDon’tforgettobringyourdriver’slicenseoranotherformofidentificationwhenyoudonate.Visitwww.ribc.orgtomakeanappointment,SponsorCode3390.FREEKingstonPizza!!!MarrowDonors:BETHEMATCHbethematch.org·be18to44yearsold·ingoodhealth·giveaswab(化验标本)ofyourcheekcellsformarrowtyping·FREE—sponsored（赞助）byMichael’sFundWWW.ribc.org800-283-8385TheRhodeIslandBloodCenterdistributesbloodproductstohospitalsinRhodeIslandandSouthernNewEngland.1.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat__________.A.theblooddriveisorganizedbyIsabelle'smotherB.IsabellereceivesbloodtransfusionsregularlyC.Isabellehasbeenillfor11monthsD.doctorswillsponsorIsabelle'sfamily2.Tobeamarrowdonor,youmust_____________.A.bearelativeofthepatientB.carryadriver'slicenseC.beatleast18yearsoldD.applytoMichael'sFund3.ThosewhowanttohelppatientslikeIsabellecan___________.A.cometoWileyHalleveryWednesdayB.visitwww.ribc.orgforanappointmentC.contacttheirparentsat800-283-8385D.callathospitalsinRhodeIsland文章大意：本文是一则公益广告，号召人们为了那些需要进行骨髓移植的人捐献骨髓。介绍了与之相关的具体信息。1.B。细节题。根据文章第一段3,4行.Asaresult,Isabellehasbeenreceivingbloodtransfusions(输血)every4-6weekssinceshewas11monthsold.可知她自从她1111\n个月以来，就一直在接受输血。故B正确。2.C。细节题。根据be18to44yearsold可知捐献者必须是在18-44岁之间。故C正确。3.B。细节题。根据Visitwww.ribc.orgtomakeanappointment,SponsorCode3390.可知愿意捐献的人可以访问这个网址进行联系约定。故B正确。D(2022·河北衡水中学二模)Theearthprovidesuswithalmosteverythingthatweneedtoeat,sleep,workandentertain.Todoallthis,weusetheearth’sresources.Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower,theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.Atthesametime,wealsocreateagreatdealofwasteandpollution.Sowealsoneedtothinkabouthowmuchlandweusetodealwiththatwaste.Thentwothingshappen：first，largenumbersoftheworld’spopulationgetmuchlessresourcesthantheyneedtolive；second,theearthisdamaged.Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.Theyshowwhoselifestylesareaburdenontheearthandwhoselifestylesarenot.Becauseafewpeopleeatupmostoftheearth’sresources,themajorityhavetobeartheconsequences—likepollution.Thisistheecologicalfootprintsthattheearthkeepsinitsmemory.Someyearsago,afamousexpert,calledWilliamRees,developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.Today,thisideahasbecomelikeamagnifyingglass(放大镜)．Itallowsustoseewhetherwearelivinglivesinawaythatkeepstheearthinareasonablygoodshape.Oncetheearthgoesoutofshape,thereisnohopeforhumanbeings.CountriesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadahavebigecologicalfootprints.ReescalculatedthattheaverageamountofenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyaCanadianiswhatalandof4.3hectarescanproduce.Indiahasafootprintof0.4.Thismeansthat11\ntheenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyanIndianiswhat0.4hectaresoflandcanproduce.Butifwelookmorecarefully，wewillfindthatevenwithinIndia,thefootprintsofthecityIndianaremuchlargerthantheruralIndian.1．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?A．FootprintsontheEarthB．HowtoProtecttheEarthC．FootprintsofWildAnimalsD．HowtoReducePollutionontheEarth2．Ourfootprintsontheearthreferto________．A．thecitieswebuildB．thecultureswecreateC．themarksweleaveonroadsbehindusD．theresourcesweuseandthewasteweproduce3．Accordingtothetext,richpeople________．A．shouldgivemoremoneytothepoorB．areusingtoomanyresourcesC．arehelpingthepoortolivebetterlivesD．shouldliveinruralareaswiththepoor4．WelearnfromthetextthatRees________．A．putforwardtheideaoftheecologicalfootprintsB．thoughthighlyoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaC．thoughtIndiawasanextremelypoorcountry11\nD．thoughtrichpeoplemadegreatcontributionstosociety【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印，脚印越多说明消费的资源越多，给地球造成的负担越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形，那人类就没有了生存的希望。1．解析：选A。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第二段是本文的主题段。根据第二段第一句主题句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”并结合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知，A项意为“地球上的脚印”，适合做标题。故答案选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”可知，地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量。故答案选D。3．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower，theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.”可知，有更强购买力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要，即富人消耗的资源太多。故答案选B。4．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Someyearsago...WilliamRees，developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.”可知，答案选A。EWhatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayedattheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticethesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop’sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovidingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers’intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinPairs,scentisjustasimportantto11\nabrand’ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarshops(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconutscentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore’swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstore?A.Friendlyassistant.B.Uniquescents.C.SoftbackgroundmusicD.Attractivewindowdisplay.2.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto_______.A.showtheadvantagesofbrick-and-mortarstoresB.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitudeC.pushstorestousesightsandsoundsD.introducetheriseofe-commerce3.Whichstatementwouldthewriteragreewith?A.Putdifferentshopontheproductsondisplay.B.Askeveryshopassistanttowearlightperfume.C.PlacefragrantflowersintheshopD.Exposesomecoffeebeantoairinsideacoffeeshop.4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A.compareandevaluate11\nB.examineandassessC.informandexplainD.argueanddiscuss【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了采用香味提高销售量的理念。文章讲述了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品不同调节香味。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段＂Butwhileashop’sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovidingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.＂可知，一些商店的成功中，独特的香味起着重要的作用。故选B。3.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子＂Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.＂可知，作者认为气味在商店的成功方面起着重要的作用，所以他认为咖啡店应该将咖啡豆暴露于空气中。故选D。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是告诉读者香味对购物心理的影响，所以重在介绍和解释香味对于实体店的影响。故选C。11