【优化指导】（全国通用）2022高考英语总复习 课时作业38 新人教版

【优化指导】（新课标全国）2022高考英语总复习课时作业38Unit3选修8一、单项填空1．AlltheeffortsthattheChinesegovernmentismakingwillcertainlyleadto______morepeacefulandmoreadvancedworld，______placewhereeveryoneenjoyshislifeandfreedom.A．the；a　　　　　　　　　B．/；theC．the；theD．a；a解析：考查冠词的用法。当world前有形容词修饰时，常与不定冠词连用，表示“一个……的世界”；第二个空aplace作前面a...world的同位语。答案：D2．Itwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.A．whoB．whoeverC．whomD．whomever解析：句意：那是一个谁当选的问题。whowouldtaketheposition在句中作介词of的宾语。答案：A3．Heforgottheworkhismanagerhadtold；______，hewasscoldedseverelybythemanagerandfinedheavily.A．luckilyB．howeverC．thereforeD．besides解析：考查副词辨析。前后两个分句之间是因果关系，所以应该用表示因果关系的副词therefore。luckily“幸运地”；however“然而”；besides“除此之外(还有)”，均不符合语境。答案：C4．Hemusthavefinishedtheworkbytheendoflastmonth，______he?A．mustn’tB．hadn’tC．didn’tD．hasn’t解析：主句的时间状语bytheendoflastmonth是过去完成时的时间状语，因此B项符合。答案：B5．Heissogoodateacherinthisschool______islovedbyalmostallthestudents.8\nA．thatB．whichC．thanD．as6．—Doyouthinkourbasketballplayersplayedverywellinthelastmatch?—Yes.______.A．TheyarenotnervousatallB．Theycouldn’thavedonebetterC．TheyplayednaturallyD．Theywerestillyoung解析：考查比较级表示最高级的用法。此处Theycouldn’thavedonebetter.是一句赞扬的话。说明他们已经尽了最大努力，不会打得比这再好了。这是最好的。答案：B7．Weshouldtryeveryefforttopreventviolencefromhappeningatschool，______moreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschool______theirpersonalsafetycouldnotbeguaranteed.A．for；nowthatB．for；ifC．though；solongasD．though；ifonly解析：考查连词。第一个空用for，表原因；第二个空用if，表条件。句意：我们必须竭尽全力阻止校园暴力的发生，因为如果人身安全得不到保障，就会有越来越多的学生辍学。答案：B8．Whatwecanseethereis______remainedofthecityafterthestrongearthquake.A．/B．thatC．whatD．it解析：考查名词性从句。sth.remainedof“……所剩下的东西”。what引导的是表语从句，在从句中what作remainedof的主语。句意：我们所能看到的那边的东西是大地震过后所剩下的东西。答案：C9．Hewentupthestagewithhishead______high.A．heldB．holdingC．risenD．raising解析：在with＋n．＋...的复合结构中，用过去分词表示被动。holdone’shead8\nhigh“高昂着头”。句意：他高昂着头走上了舞台。答案：A10．—Oh，dear，you’rebackhomeatlast!—Youcan’timagineallthedifficultyIhad______homeintheheavyrain.A．walkedB．walkC．towalkD．walking解析：考查固定搭配。havedifficultyindoingsth.“干某事很困难”。答案：D11．Itremains______whetherthepatientcansurvivethemajoroperationornot.A．toobserveB．tobeobservedC．observingD．beingobserved解析：考查非谓语动词。Itremainstobeobserved/seen...whether...意为“是否……还有待观察”。答案：B12．Itwaslateatnight______theRedArmyarrivedatthatsmallmountainvillage，______itwasraininghard.A．when；thatB．when；whichC．that；whenD．that；which解析：考查强调句和定语从句。第一个空选用强调句型中的that，被强调部分是时间状语lateatnight；第二个空用when引导定语从句，先行词是lateatnight。答案：C13．Readingfillsourmindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge；only______thinkingcanwemake______wereadours.A．by；itB．with；thatC．through；anythingD．by；what解析：第一个空考查only＋介词短语作状语放于句首引起倒装的用法；第二个空考查what引导的名词性从句，what在宾语从句中作read的宾语，ours作宾语的补足语。答案：D14．Thegovernmentmustdomore______pollution______morehappily.A．toprevent；fromlivingB．tostop；livingC．toprevent；toliveD．tokeep；living解析：第一个空是dosomething后跟不定式表示“采取措施干某事”；第二个空是不定式短语作目的状语，不要看成是prevent...fromdoing结构。此题易错选A项。8\n答案：C15．Thedoorburstopenand______.Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.A．inrushedthechildrenB．indidthechildrenrushC．inthechildrenrushedD．rushedinthechildren解析：考查倒装。在一些副词如out，in，off，down，up等开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，句子用完全倒装语序。答案：A二、阅读理解ATheclimatesecretsofthedeepestpartoftheocean，theMarianasTrench(壕沟)inthewesternPacificOcean，havebeenexploredbyscientists.Theinternationalteamusedasubmersible，designedtowithstandgreatpressure，tostudythebottomofthe10.9kmdeepunderwatercanyon.Theirearlyresultsrevealthatoceantrenchesareactingascarbonsinks.ThissuggeststhattheyplayalargerroleinregulatingtheEarth’schemistryandclimatethanwasthought.Althoughtwoexplorers，JacquesPiccardandDonWalsh，reachedthedeepestpartoftheMarianasTrench—apointcalledtheChallengerDeep—in1960，nohumanshavebeenbacksince.Andthescientificmissions，includingthisrecentvisittothisdeepestspot，havebeencarriedoutusingunmannedunderwatervehicles.LeadresearcherProfessorRonnieGlud，fromtheUniversityofSouthernDenmarkandtheScottishAssociationforMarineScience，saidthatworkingatmorethan1,000atmospheresofpressurewaschallenging，butadvancesintechnologyhadmadeitpossible.HetoldBBCNews，“Thisisthefirsttimewehavebeenabletosetdownsophisticated(精密的)instrumentsatthesedepthstomeasurehowmuchcarbonisburiedthere.”Thetestsalsohelpedthescientiststoassessthestorageofcarbonatthosedarkdepths.Thisisnotthefirsttimedeepseatrencheshavesurprisedscientists.RecentstudiesbyUniversityofAberdeen’sOceanlabteamhaverevealedthatmarinelifeismuchmoreabundantinthisdifficulthabitatthanwaspreviouslythought.In2022，theyfilmedthedeepestlivingfishevertobecaughtoncamera—a17strongshoal(鱼群)foundatdepthsof7.7kmintheJapanTrench，andtheydiscoveredthatotheranimalssuchasamphipodswerepresentinlargenumbersevendeeper.DrAlan8\nJamieson，fromOceanlab，saidthenewstudywashelpingresearcherstobuildupabetterideaofwhathappensinthedeepestofthedeep.马里亚纳海沟是太平洋的最深处，它在地球气候变化中起着非常重要的作用。科学家最近对它进行了探索。1．Fromthedescriptionofcarbonsinkswelearnthat______.A．theyhavebeenontheoceanfloorforthousandsofyearsB．thetrenchescanbeusedtocontrolclimateC．therearemanychemistryresourcesontheoceanfloorD．thecarbonsinkscontributetochangesintheclimate解析：推理判断题。根据第二段ThissuggeststhattheyplayalargerroleinregulatingtheEarth’schemistryandclimatethanwasthought.可推断，答案为D项。答案：D2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．ManyscientistshavediedintheMarianasTrenchduringexplorations.B．JacquesPiccardandDonWalshcamebacksuccessfullyfromtheMarianasTrench.C．Unmannedunderwatervehicleshavereplacedhumansinexploringthefloorsince1960.D．Theexplorationsofthetrenchhavenotbeenlauncheduntil1960.3．WhatdoweknowfromRonnieGlud’swords?A．Humanscan’tworkatmorethan1,000atmospheresofpressure.B．Theresearchaimedtoassessthecarbonstorageatthosedarkdepths.C．Carbonisthemostimportantmineralresourceontheoceanfloor.D．Findingoutthestorageofcarbonisoneofthemaintasksofscientists.解析：推理判断题。根据第五段Thisisthefirsttime...tomeasurehowmuchcarbonisburiedthere.可推断，答案为D项。答案：D4．Thelastparagraphismainlyabout______.A．thesurprisingfindingsofmarinelife8\nB．thebadenvironmentofmarinelifeC．thedeepestlivingfishD．themarinelivesintheJapanTrench解析：主旨大意题。根据末段Recentstudies...marinelifeismuchmoreabundantinthisdifficulthabitatthanwaspreviouslythought.可知，答案为A项。答案：AB[What’ssodifferentaboutMoistureSurge?Thesehydratingformulas(保湿配方)rapidlymakethirstyskinsmoothandsoft.Oilfreeandfitforallskintypes，theyhelp：Quicklyincreaseskin’smoisturelevelwithhydratingreliefinahighspeeddeliverysystem；Restoreskin’smoisturebalance；Makeupdrylines.MoistureSurgeExtendedThirstReliefRapid，longlastinghydrationinarefreshingoilfreegel(胶)．Fastabsorbingformulalocksinmoisturealldayandhelpsskinbetterresistdrydespitegreatshiftsinhumidity.Usewhenever，whereverneeded，underorovermakeup，orasa5minutemoisturemask.MoistureSurgeFaceWaterThirstySkinReliefRefreshingfacialwater.Greatforuseanytime，anywhere，underorovermakeup.MoistureSurgeExtraRefreshingEyeGel*Coolandcomfortableeyegel.Doctortested.Usewheneverneeded，underorovermakeup.MoistureSurgeFacialSheetMask*Refreshing，premoistenedfullfacesheetmask.Apply12timesaweekforaquickmoisturizing.Touse：unfoldandapplytocleanskin.Restfor10minutes，andthenremovethemask.MoistureSurgeRefreshingEyeMask*Refreshingpremoistenedeyepads.Apply12timesaweektoreduceundereyepuffiness(肿)andskinwithquickhydration.Touse：removepadsfrompacketsandseparate.Applytocleanundereyeskin.Restfor10minutes，andthenremovepads.8\nMoistureSheerTintSPF15]Refreshing，washofcolorthathydratesandmakesskinbrightwithspecialmaterialsandSPF15sunscreen.Threeskinfriendlyshadeswearbeautifullyaloneorundermakeup.WARNING：Keepoutofeyes.Stopuseifanypainoccurs.Keepoutofreachofchildren.Pleasepayattentionto：*standsfor“Notavailableinallcountries”．本文为一则广告，介绍了一些护肤产品。5．Accordingtothepassage，MoistureSurgeisthenameof______.A．aproductforeyesB．anoilfreeformulaC．asunblockingcreamD．aseriesofskincareproducts解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Thesehydratingformulasrapidlymakethirstyskinsmoothandsoft.可知，答案为D项。答案：D6．WhatdoweknowaboutMoistureSurgeExtraRefreshingEyeGelandMoistureSurgeRefreshingEyeMask?A．Theycanbeusedatanytime.B．Theymaybegoodforeyes.C．Theyareakindofgel.D．Theyhavebeentestedbydoctors.解析：推理判断题。根据这两种化妆品的名字和介绍可知，这两种产品都是针对眼部的护肤品，故答案为B项。答案：B7．WhichofthefollowingproductscanNOTbeusedovermakeup?A．MoistureSurgeFaceWaterThirstySkinRelief.B．MoistureSurgeExtraRefreshingEyeGel.C．MoistureSurgeExtendedThirstRelief.D．MoistureSheerTintSPF15.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一个产品介绍中Threeskinfriendlyshadeswearbeautifullyaloneorundermakeup.可知，答案为D项。答案：D8．Thispassagecanbemostprobablyfoundin______.A．afactoryintroductionbook8\nB．abeautyhandbookC．anewspaperD．atextbook8