【优化指导】（全国通用）2022高考英语总复习 课时作业16 新人教版

【优化指导】（新课标全国）2022高考英语总复习课时作业16Unit1必修4一、单项填空1．InChina，______privatecarisbecoming______popularmeansoftransportation.A．a；/　　　　　　　　　　　B．the；aC．a；theD．the；the解析：考查冠词。第一个空考查定冠词the用于可数名词的单数前指类别；第二个空表示一类事物中的一个，故用不定冠词a。means表示“方式”单复数同形，此处是单数。答案：B2．Thatshehadn’tkepther______onherworkresultedinfailure.A．headB．heartC．brainD．mind解析：考查名词的意义区别。根据后面的resultedinfailure可知，她没有专心于工作，而keepone’smindon意思为“专心于”，因此，D项正确。答案：D3．—Yournewdictionaryissonice，Lily?—Thankyou，Mary.Areyouconsideringbuying______foryourself?A．itB．oneC．theoneD．that解析：考查代词。句意：“Lily，你的新词典这么好啊”“谢谢你，Mary，你也想为自己买一本吗？”one表示泛指类似的“一本”。答案：B4．Theconferenceaimstodevelopbusinessandletpeoplethinkabout______theycanhaveapositiveinfluenceontheplanet.A．whyB．thatC．whatD．how解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个会议目的是为了发展经济和让人们考虑他们怎样保护地球。how引导的从句作thinkabout的宾语从句，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，由句意可知“让人们如何对地球有积极的影响”，故选D项。答案：D5．Itrainednonstopfortendays，completely______ourholiday.8\nA．toruinB．ruinedC．havingruinedD．ruining6．Thenewstodaycandrawpublicattentionto______helpisactuallyneeded.A．thatB．whereC．whichD．whose解析：考查从句的引导词的选用。where引导的从句作介词to的宾语。句意：今天的新闻把公众的注意力引到确实需要帮助的地方去了。答案：B7．—Didyoufinishyourproject，Marie?—No，IwasgoingtotypeitoutbutI______visitors.A．haveB．hadC．havehadD．willhave解析：考查动词的时态。由语境可知，回答者没有完成是因为：她打算打出来的时候来了客人。客人来发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时态。答案：B8．Lucylooks______inredwhilegreenclothesarenice______Lily.A．good；onB．well；inC．good；atD．well；for解析：考查形容词和介词。第一个空look是系动词，后跟形容词作表语；第二个空表示“穿在某人身上”用介词on。句意：Lucy穿着红色的衣服很美，然而Lily穿着绿色的衣服也很不错。答案：A9．—Tomorrow______mydaughter’sbirthday.I’dlikeyouandJanetocome.—I’mnotsureifshe______free.A．willbe；isB．isgoingto；isC．is；isD．is；willbe解析：第一个空是表示“不以人的意志为转移的客观事实”，用一般现在时或一般将来时；第二个空前的if表示“是否”，并且表示“将来的情况”，因此用一般将来时。答案：D10．—Whatmakesyousoupset?—______.8\nA．IlostmynewlaptopB．ThatIlostmynewlaptopC．LostmynewlaptopD．Ilostmynewlaptopdoes解析：考查特殊疑问句的答语。此处是省略答语，用了一个主语从句针对what进行了回答，主语从句前的关联词that不可省略，其完整答语是：ThatIlostmynewlaptopmakesmesoupset.。答案：B11．—I’llthankyou______mewithmyEnglish.—Iwill.Withpleasure.A．helpingB．tohelpC．tohelpingD．nottohelp解析：I’llthankyoutodosth.为固定句型“请你……好不好，请你做某事”是较随便的请托说法。句意：——请你帮我学英语好不好。——我会的。我很愿意。答案：B12．—Howmuchsugardidyouputinthecoffee?—I’msorrytosay，______.Iforget.A．noB．noneC．nothingD．noone解析：考查不定代词。此处none指的是notanysugar，也就是说，此处可以这样理解：I’msorrytosaythatIdidn’tputanysugarinthecoffee，becauseIforgotit.。答案：B13．Thecryingbabyeventuallyfound______inthearmsofhermother，sleepingthroughthewholeafternoon.A．comfortB．advantageC．convenienceD．prescription14．Ihavenoidea______isactuallyhappeningaheadofthelineofcarsheldup.A．thatB．what8\nC．asD．which解析：what引导的从句作idea的同位语从句，并且what在从句中作主语。句意：我不知道受阻的车队前面在发生什么事。答案：B15．Dad，ifyourwound______getmorepainfulagain，docallmewithoutanydelay.A．mayB．wouldC．couldD．should解析：考查情态动词的特殊用法。should作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示较强的假设，译作“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即放在从句主语的前面，而省略从属连词if。答案：D二、阅读理解AComingfromHouston，thefourthlargestcityinthecountry，toatownsurroundedbytreeswithapopulationof60,000wasquiteanadjustmentforayounggirllikeme.Atfirstitseemedadream，butafteracoupleofweeks，IknewIwasbeginninganewadventureincollege.LeavinghomeandsomeofmyclosestfriendswasoneofthehardestthingsIeverdid.Ifeltfrightenedatfirst，butknewIwouldseenewfacesandhadtogetusedtothenewsurroundings.WhenIcametocollegeIbegantomeetwithchallenges，includinghavingaroommate.Ihadalwayshadmyownroomandspace.Butincollege，allthatchanged.Combiningtwopeoplewithdifferentbackgroundsintooneroomcanbetough.Beingafreshmanincollegeisverydifferentfrombeingahighschoolfreshman.Collegefreshmenaresetforawholenewawakening.Ihadtonsofworkwithdeadlines，andpartiesandfriendsthatIalwayshadtoattendandmeet.Butnoonetoldmewhattodoorwhentodoit.Thisisverymuchunlikethingsinhighschool，wheretheteachergivesataskwithaweeklongdeadlineandstepbystepguidelines.Collegeisverydifferentfromhighschoolorhomewhererulesaresetandyouareabletoachievethingseasilyjustbyfollowingthem.Collegeisanewbeginningandanopportunitytogrowup.Afreshmanincollegemayexperiencedoubts，fearsandeventearsbutnowIknow8\nthathavingthematfirstisbetterthannotexperiencingthematall.EverynewfaceandnewsurroundingisanunknownjourneythatIlookforwardto.Ihavetakenmyfirstrealsteps，andnowIamwalkingfearlesslyinthisunknownadventure.远离家人和朋友，作者步入了大学的校园。本文讲述了她作为一名大一新生的经历和感受。1．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Theauthor’scollegeislocatedinHouston.B．Theauthor’scollegeissurroundedbytrees.C．Theauthorwasunwillingtoleaveherhome.D．Therewere60,000studentsintheauthor’scollege.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“LeavinghomeandsomeofmyclosestfriendswasoneofthehardestthingsIeverdid.”可知，作者舍不得离开家和朋友。答案：C2．Thethirdparagraphsuggeststhat______.A．theauthorhadtworoommatesinthedormitoryofhercollegeB．theauthorhadnoroommateinthedormitoryofherhighschoolC．theauthorwasn’treadytomeetchallengeswhenshereachedhercollegeD．theauthormighthavefounditdifficulttogetalongwithhercollegeroommateatfirst解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Combiningtwopeoplewithdifferentbackgroundsintooneroomcanbetough.”可知，作者认为让两个背景不同的人在同一个屋檐下相处是件困难的事情。因此可以推知，作者起初可能觉得很难和她的室友融洽相处。答案：D3．Comparedwithhighschools，collegesrequirestudentstobemore______.A．selfdirected　　　　　B．intelligentC．confidentD．careful解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Ihadtonsofwork...Butnoonetoldmewhattodoorwhentodoit.Thisisverymuchunlikethingsinhighschool，wheretheteachergivesataskwithaweeklongdeadlineandstepbystepguidelines.Collegeisverydifferentfromhighschoolorhomewhererulesaresetandyouareabletoachievethingseasilyjustbyfollowingthem.”可知，在大学，学生有很多事情要做，但没有人告诉他们该怎么做，什么时候做，而在高中，只要按照老师的指导就能轻松地完成任务。因此可知，大学要求学生更加具备自我指引的能力。答案：A8\n4．Whatmaytheauthorthinkaboutthefearsofacollegefreshman?A．Theyarebeneficial.B．Theyareunavoidable.C．Theyarefrustrating.D．Theyarerare.BPopeye(大力水手)cartoons，tastingpartiesandjuniorcookingclassescanhelpincreasevegetableintakeinkindergartenchildren，accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalNutrition&Dietetics.ResearchersatMahidolUniversityinBangkokfoundthetypeandamountofvegetableschildrenateimprovedaftertheytookpartinaprogramusingmultimedia(多媒体)androlemodelstopromote(提倡)healthyfood.Twentysixkindergartenchildrenagedfromfourtofiveparticipatedintheeightweekstudy.Theresearchersrecordedthekindsandamountsoffruitandvegetableseatenbythechildrenbeforeandaftertheprogram.LeadresearcherProfessorChutimaSirikulchayanontasaid，“Wegotthechildrentoplantvegetableseeds，takepartinfruitandvegetabletastingparties，cookvegetablesoup，andwatchPopeyecartoons.Wealsosentletterstoparentswithsuggestionsonencouragingtheirkidstoeatfruitandvegetables，andteacherssatwithchildrenatlunchto‘rolemodel’healthyeating.”ProfessorSirikulchayanontaandhercolleaguesfoundvegetableintakedoubledandthatthetypesofvegetablesthechildrenconsumedincreasedfromtwotofour.Parentsalsoreportedtheirchildrentalkedaboutvegetablesmoreoftenandwereproudtheyhadeatenthemintheirschoollunch.Shesaidtherewasnosignificantchangeinthekindsoffruiteatenbythechildren，butthiswasprobablybecausetheywerealreadyeatingmorefruitthanvegetablesatthestartofthestudy.AccordingtoAustralia’slastchildren’snutritionsurvey，Australianchildrenareeatingtoomuchfat，sugarandsalt，andnotenoughfruitandvegetables.Only8\n61percentofthechildrensurveyedatetherecommendedamountsoffruit，andlessthanoneinfourateenoughvegetables.Studieshaveshownthefoodhabitsandeatingpatternspickedupinearlychildhoodstill“work”inlaterchildhoodandadulthood.ProfessorSirikulchayanontasaid，“Focusing_on_healthy_food_choices_at_an_early_age_can_have_a_major_effect_on_the_future_health_of_adults.”Theresearchalsoshowsthatinvolvingchildreninfoodpreparationactivities，likemeasuring，pouringandstirringhelpsthemlearnthenamesandcolorsoffood，anddevelopstheirhandeyecoordination(协调)．“大力水手”可以让幼儿园的孩子变得爱吃蔬菜。5．Thefollowingwayscanimprovekindergartenchildren’sconsumptionofvegetablesEXCEPT______.A．allowingthemtowatchPopeyecartoonsB．teachingthemthenamesandcolorsofvegetablesC．encouragingthemtolearnaboutvegetablecookingD．encouragingthemtoparticipateinvegetabletastingparties解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Popeyecartoons，tastingpartiesandjuniorcookingclassescanhelpincreasevegetableintakeinkindergartenchildren...”和第四段“Wegotthechildrento...takepartinfruitandvegetabletastingparties，cookvegetablesoup，andwatchPopeyecartoons...”可知，看“大力水手”动画片，参加初级烹饪课程学习蔬菜烹饪，以及参加蔬菜品尝派对都能让幼儿园的孩子们多吃蔬菜。因此可知答案。答案：B6．WhatcanweknowaboutthestudymadebytheresearchersatMahidolUniversityinBangkok?A．Itlastedmorethantwomonths.B．Thirtysixkindergartenchildrenwereinvolved.C．Itrecordedthevegetablesthatwerenotlikedbythekindergartenchildren.D．Itneededtheinvolvementofthekindergartenchildren’steachersandparents.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“...Wealsosentletterstoparentswithsuggestionsonencouragingtheirkidstoeatfruitandvegetables，andteacherssatwithchildrenatlunchto‘rolemodel’healthy8\neating.”可知，研究人员写信给家长，建议他们如何鼓励孩子多吃水果和蔬菜，又让老师和孩子们一起吃饭，示范如何健康饮食。由此可以推知，该项研究需要孩子家长和老师的参与。答案：D7．AccordingtoProfessorSirikulchayanonta，aftertheprogram______.A．thekindsandamountsofvegetableseatenbythechildrendoubledB．thekindsandamountsoffruiteatenbythechildrendidn’tincreaseatallC．thechildrenatemorefruitandvegetablesatschoolthanathomeD．thechildrentalkedaboutfruitandvegetablesmoreoftenthanbefore解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“ProfessorSirikulchayanontaandhercolleaguesfoundvegetableintakedoubledandthatthetypesofvegetablesthechildrenconsumedincreasedfromtwotofour.”可知，参加过该活动之后，孩子们蔬菜的摄入量翻了1倍，孩子们所吃蔬菜的种类从2升到了4，也翻了1倍。因此可知答案。答案：A8．TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph8meansthat______.A．bothchildrenandadultsshouldchoosetoeathealthyfoodB．anadult’seatingcangreatlyinfluencethatofhis/herchildrenC．anadult’shealthdependsverymuchonhis/hereatinginchildhoodD．mostadultsdidn’trealizetheimportanceofhealthyeatingwhenyoung8