【创新设计 高考总复习】2016版高中英语 Unit1 Friendship 第3课时 增分策略读•写•练 新人教版必修1

第3课时　增分策略　读·写·练1话题：拥有自信，享受人生Ⅰ.完形填空(2022·江苏卷)DaleCarnegierosefromtheunknownofaMissourifarmtointernationalfamebecausehefoundawaytofillauniversalhumanneed.Itwasaneedthathefirst__1__backin1906whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg.Togetan__2__，hewasstrugglingagainstmanydifficulties.Hisfamilywaspoor.HisDadcouldn'taffordthe__3__atcollege，soDalehadtoridehorseback12milestoattendclasses.Studyhadtobedone__4__hisfarmworkroutines.Hewithdrewfrommanyschoolactivities__5__hedidn'thavethetimeorthe__6__.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.Hetried__7__thefootballteam，butthecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoo__8__.DuringthisperiodDalewasslowly__9__aninferioritycomplex(自卑感)，whichhismotherknewcould__10__himfromachievinghisrealpotential.She__11__thatDalejointhedebatingteam，believingthat__12__inspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.Daletookhismother'sadvice，trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts__13__madeit.Thisprovedtobea__14__pointinhislife.Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgainthe__15__heneeded.BythetimeDalewasasenior，hehadwoneverytophonorin__16__.Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey，__17__，werewinningcontests.Outofthisearlystruggleto__18__hisfeelingsofinferiority，Dalecametounderstandthattheabilityto__19__anideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson'sconfidence.And，__20__it，Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.【解题导语】　本文讲述了一个人如何克服困难，获得信心的成长经历。男孩小时候家里很穷，家里只能支付他的学费而无力支付他参与学校社团活动所需的费用。后来参加足球队，因为体重太轻被拒绝，因此失去了自信心。但妈妈意识到自卑感会阻碍孩子潜能的发挥，于是建议他参加演讲和辩论，男孩最终拥有了自信，获得了美好的人生。1．A.admittedB．filledC.suppliedD.recognized答案　D　[词语辨析题。句意：在1906年，Dale首次意识到这个需求。recognize意识到，符合语境。admit承认，准许进入；fill填满；supply提供。]2．A.assignmentB．education8\nC．advantageD.instruction答案　B　[逻辑推理题。下文都是关于Dale大学及上课的相关信息，故选education。]3．A.trainingB.boardC.teachingD.equipment答案　B　[词语辨析题。后半句提到结果他必须每天骑马去上学，由此推断他父亲支付不起住宿(board)的费用。]4．A.betweenB．duringC.overD.through答案　A　[逻辑推理题。此处表达他必须在农场工作间隙来学习。between在……之间，符合语境。]5．A.whileB.whenC．becauseD.though答案　C　[逻辑推理题。没有时间和不参加学校活动之间是因果关系，故选because。]6．A.permitsB．interestC．talentD.clothes答案　D　[词汇复现题。clothes与下句的suit同义。]7．A.onB．forC．inD.with答案　B　[词语搭配题。tryfor争取加入，试图获得，他试图加入足球队。]8．A.lightB.flexibleC．optimisticD.outgoing答案　A　[词语辨析题。教练拒绝了他加入足球队的申请肯定是因为自身条件不好，只有A符合语境。light轻的，在此指体重。]9．A.gainingB．achievingC．developingD．obtaining答案　C　[词语辨析题。自卑感是一个慢慢形成发展的过程，故选developing(发展)意思合适。gain，achieve，obtain指通过努力或计划获得想要的东西(如经验、目标、成功等)。]10．A.preventB.protectC.saveD.free答案　A　[固定搭配题。preventsbfrom...阻止某人……，此处表示母亲清楚这种自卑感会阻止Dale发挥自己的潜能。]8\n11．A.suggestedB．demandedC．requiredD.insisted答案　A　[词汇复现题。根据后文Daletookhismother'sadvice可知这是母亲对Dale的建议，故选suggested。]12．A.presenceB.practiceC.patienceD.potential答案　B　[词语辨析题。结合句意不难得出“Dale通过练习演讲获得自信，”故选practice(练习)合适。presence出席；patience耐心；potential潜力。]13．A.hopefullyB.certainlyC．finallyD.naturally答案　C　[逻辑推理题。不断努力之后最终(finally)成功。]14．A.keyB.breakingC．basicD．turning答案　D　[固定搭配题。turningpoint转折点。]15．A.progressB．experienceC．competenceD.confidence答案　D　[逻辑推理题。前面说Dale很自卑，他缺乏自信，所以母亲建议他参加演讲，此处表达在公众面前讲话使他获得了自信(confidence)。]16．A.horseridingB．footballC．speechD.farming答案　C　[逻辑推理题。演讲给了他自信，他赢得了在演讲(speech)方面的每一个最高荣誉。]17．A.inreturnB.inbriefC．inturnD.infact答案　C　[介词短语辨析题。其他学生也一个又一个地赢得了比赛。inturn依次，一个接一个地，符合语境。inreturn作为回报；inbrief简言之；infact事实上。]18．A.conveyB.overcomeC.understandD.build答案　B　[词语辨析题。此处是描述Dale克服(overcome)自卑感的努力历程。convey传达；understand理解；build建立。]19．A.expressB.stressC.contributeD.repeat答案　A　[逻辑推理题。演讲使Dale获得了自信，演讲就是在公众面前表达(express)自己的观点。]8\n20．A.besidesB.beyondC.likeD.with答案　D　[介词词义辨析题。该空后的it代指前文的confidence。句意：有了自信，Dale知道他能做任何他想做的事情——而其他人也同样可以。with拥有，带有，符合语境。]Ⅱ.完形问答(根据语篇内容回答下列问题)1．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．WasiteasyforyoungDaletogetaneducation?Why?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Whydidhewithdrawfrommanyschoolactivities?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．Whathelpedhimgaintheconfidenceheneeded?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．AccordingtoDale，howcanwebuildourconfidence?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案　1.Thepassagetellsushowtoovercomedifficultiesandbuildconfidence.2．No，itwasn't.Becausehisfamilywaspoor.3．Becausehedidn'thavethetimeortheclothes.4．Speakingbeforegroups.5．Theabilitytoexpressanideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson'sconfidence.Ⅲ.完成句子(用选项中的词汇完成句子)1．Ilikereadingpoems，becausepoemscan________certainemotions.我喜欢阅读诗歌，因为诗歌能传达某些情感。2．Anexcellentteacherisbelievedtobeonewhodevoteshimselftothechildrenbutasksfornothing________.人们相信一名优秀的教师是把全部身心投入到孩子身上并且不求回报的人。8\n3．Nothingcan________himfromspeakingoutagainstinjustice.什么也不能阻止他鸣不平。4．Scientistsusedtobelievethatmothers________theirchildrenbysightonly.科学家们过去常常认为母亲只是通过视觉来辨认自己的孩子。5．Beingtallgavehiman________overtheotherplayers.他个子高，比其他运动员有利。答案　1.convey　2.inreturn　3.prevent　4.recognize5．advantage2话题：学校生活，相处融洽Ⅰ.阅读理解(2022·重庆卷)I_was_never_very_neat，while_my_roommate_Kate_was_extremely_organized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace，butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(贴标签)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime，KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover，andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon，Iheardherscreaming，“Takeyourshoesaway!Whyundermybed!”Deafened，Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.Theroomwasfilledwithanger.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromherendoftheconversation，Icouldtellrightawayhergrandmawasseriouslyill.Whenshehungup，shequicklycrawled(爬)underhercovers，sobbing.Obviously，thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Allofasudden，awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.Slowly，Icollectedthepencils，tookbackthebooks，mademybed，cleanedthesocksandsweptthefloor，evenonherside.I_got_so_into_my_work_that_I_even_didn't_notice_Kate_had_sat_up.Shewaswatching，hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeofdisbelief.Then，shereachedoutherhandstograspmine.Ilookedupintohereyes.Shesmiledatme，“Thanks.”KateandIstayedroommatesfortherestoftheyear.Wedidn'talwaysagree，butwelearnedthekeytolivingtogether:givingin，cleaningupandholding8\non.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，因为作者和室友之间差异太大，一开始战斗不断，但后来作者意识到与室友友好相处的关键是：互相谦让、保持房间干净卫生和坚持。1．WhatmadeKatesoangryoneevening?A．Shecouldn'tfindherbooks.B．Sheheardtheauthorshoutingloud.C．Shegotthenewsthathergrandmawasill.D．Shesawtheauthor'sshoesbeneathherbed.答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的Iheardherscreaming，“Takeyourshoesaway!Whyundermybed！”可知，凯特生气的原因是她看到作者的鞋在她的床底下。]2．Theauthortidieduptheroommostprobablybecause________.A．shewasscaredbyKate'sangerB．shehatedherselfforbeingsomessyC．shewantedtoshowhercareD．shewasaskedbyKatetodoso答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的Allofasudden，awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.可判断出，作者整理房间最可能的原因是她想要表示自己对室友的关心。]3．HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Byshowingdifferences.C．Bydescribingaprocess.D．Byfollowingtimeorder.答案　B　[逻辑结构题。根据首句Iwasneververyneat，whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.及后面的内容可知，本段主要谈论的是作者和室友的种种不同。所以本段的组织方式是通过“展示不同”来进行的。]4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthestory?A．MyFriendKateB．HardWorkPaysOffC．HowtoBeOrganizedD．LearningtoBeRoommates答案　D　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是作者和室友之间的故事，最后一段中的thekeytolivingtogether:givingin，cleaningupandholdingon点明文章的主旨：学会当室友。]8\nⅡ.阅读写作回答下列问题，然后写一篇关于“与人相处”的作文。(80词左右)1．DidtheauthorgetalongwellwithherroommateKateatthebeginning?Why?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．WhatwasitthatmadeKateangryoneevening?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Whydidtheymakeupafterthequarrel?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．Whatwasthekeytolivingtogetherintheiropinion?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案　1.No，shedidn't.Becausetheauthorwasneververyneat，whileherroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.2．Theauthor'sshoesbeneathherbed.3．Becauseofaphonecall.4．Givingin，cleaningupandholdingon.【参考范文】Inourdailylife，wehavetocomeintocontactwithpeopleineverywalkoflife.Therefore，itisveryimportantforustoknowhowtogetalongwithotherpeople.Togetalongwellwithothersandwintheirfriendship，wemustobservestrictlythefollowingwords.Tobeginwith，weneedtobehonestwithothers.Second，wehavetobehumbleenough.Ifweareproudinpublic，wecanhardlywinothers'respect.Finally，wemustnotbeselfish.Weshouldlearnhowtoshowconcernforothers.Ⅲ.句式背练1．Iwasneververyneat，whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.我从不干净利落而我的室友凯特做事很有条理。2．IgotsointomyworkthatIevendidn'tnoticeKatehadsatup.(译成汉语)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案　我就这样进行整理，结果我甚至没注意到凯特已坐起来。8\nⅣ.难句研练1．Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.[分析]本句是一个条件句的虚拟语气，但是它的条件并不是通过if条件句表示出来的，而是通过介词短语butfor...要不是……；如果没有……；该介词短语相当于if条件状语从句。[翻译]要不是一个电话，我们不可能在一起待一分钟。2．Whenshehungup，shequicklycrawledunderhercovers，sobbing.[分析]本句中有一个when引导的时间状语从句，动词短语hangup表示挂断电话。后面的现在分词sobbing与句子主语she构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词做伴随状语，表示该动作与谓语动词同时发生。[翻译]当她挂完电话，她很快爬上了床，小声哭泣着。8