【创新设计】（江苏专用）2022高考英语大二轮总复习测试 阅读理解专题专题一 拨云见日 巧解事实细节类题目

【创新设计】（江苏专用）2022高考英语大二轮总复习测试阅读理解专题专题一拨云见日巧解事实细节类题目　Ⅰ.体验高考(2022·安徽)Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig，toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway，anewstudysays.Beehives(蜂窝)—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmers'crops.In2022，scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbeeslivinginthem.Today，LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingcrops.Butbeforesheaskedfarmerstogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms，sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetuparecorder.Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive，whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmeddown.Next，LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinatreeclosetoeachfamily.Fromadistance，Lucyswitchedontheprerecordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halftheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenseconds.Outofatotalof17groups，onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.Lucyreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderthem.WhenLucyplayedthesoundofawaterfall(瀑布)insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephantfamilies，theanimalswereundisturbed.Evenafterfourminutes，mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveraltimes.Shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow，butherinitial(最初的)resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithfarmers.Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.【语篇导读】　本文讲述了科学家LucyKing和她的团队发现大象害怕发怒的蜜蜂，并且做实验来证实这个事情的故事。20\n1．Weknowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightenedof________.A．loudnoisesB．somecropsC．videocamerasD．angrybees解析　事实细节题。根据文章第一段“Recordingsofangrybeesare...farmers'crops”可知愤怒的蜜蜂是大象所害怕的。故选D。答案　D2.Asmentionedinthepassage，Lucy________.A．worksbyherselfinAfricaB．needstotestmoreelephantgroupsC．hasstoppedelephantseatingcropsD．hasgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms解析　事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“Lucyisnowstudying...shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow”可知Lucy需要对更多的象群进行实验，故选B。答案　B3．WhydidLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?A．Torecordthesoundofbees.B．Tomakeavideoofelephants.C．Toseeifelephantswouldrunaway.D．Tofindoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Lucyfoundawildbeehive...andsetuparecorder”和第四段中“Lucyswitchedontheprerecordedsound...avideocamera.”可知Lucy向野蜂窝扔石头是为了激怒蜜蜂以便录下它们的声音。故选A。答案　A4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．YoungelephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.B．Waterfallscanmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.C．Elephantsdonotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.D．FarmersdonotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第二段“In2022，scientistLucyKingandherteam...livinginthem”一句，可知大象不敢靠近住有蜜蜂的树。故选C。答案　CⅡ.仿真、模拟Passage120\n体裁：说明文　话题：广告信息　时间：6分钟(2022·四川成都检测)Ourtravelexpertsareeagertoassistyouwithyourcheapflightticketsandpackagedealbookings.CallusforcheapairticketdealsonflightsfromallUKairports.CheapFlightstoNewYorkTheskylineofManhattanisanunforgettablesightwhenfirstglimpsed，andNewYorkisacitythatknowshowtoattractthevisitors.VisittheStatueofLiberty，takeahorsedrawncarriageroundCentralPark，takeaphotoatTimesSquare，seeashowonBroadway，orexploreChinatown.BookyourcheapflighttoNewYorkfrom￡459only.CheapFlightstoSanFranciscoSanFranciscoisabigcitywithasmalltowncharmdelightingitsvisitors.This“CitybytheBay”hasagorgeousoceansetting，wonderfularchitecture，andtheGoldenGateBridgethatdominatesthelandscape.There'ssomuchtoseeanddo.Youcanenjoyarideinacablecar，visitfashionableNobHillandUnionSquare.Andthecity'slongestablishedChinatownisessential.There'snoshortageofamazingnightlifewithrestaurants，nightclubs，andbarsofeverydescription.BookyourcheapflighttoSanFranciscofrom￡564only.CheapFlightstoSydneySurf，sandandsunsumupthisvibrantcitylikenoother.Famousforitsgoldenbeachesandtrulyworldclasssurf，Sydneyoffersthebestoutdooractivities.Alivelycentreforbusinessaswellasarts，thecityisawonderwithcafeculture，charmingnightlife，andanexcitingrestaurantscene.YoucanlearntosurfatManly，swimatIcebergPool，andtakeadipintheoceanatBondiBeach.YoucanalsodipintotheOperaHouseforaconcert，exploretheBotanicGardens，andtakeanearlydinnersunsetcruiseonthelovelySydneyHarbortowatchthecitylightup.BookyourcheapflighttoSydneyfrom￡796only.Didyouknowthatbookingflightticketsandhotelstogethercouldsaveyouupto40%onyourtotaltravelcost?AskourexperttravelagenttoquoteyouonapackagedealtoNewYork，SanFrancisco，Sydneyandsavebig.Hurry!Callusnowtogetthischeapflightdeal.CallSouthallTravel24/720\ntobookcheapflights.【语篇导读】　这是一则有关订购便宜机票的广告。1．Ifyouliketoenjoywonderfulnightswithfriends，you'llprobablybooktheticketto______.A．NewYorkorSanFranciscoB．NewYorkorSydneyC．ChinatownorBondiBeachD．SydneyorSanFrancisco解析　细节理解题。根据CheapFlightstoSanFrancisco下面的“There'snoshortageofamazingnightlifewithrestaurants，nightclubs，andbarsofeverydescription.”以及CheapFlightstoSydney下面的“charmingnightlife”可知，在这两个地方可以享受美丽的夜晚。故答案为D。答案　D2．Accordingtothepassage，Sydneyisbestknownfor______.A．itsbeachesandsurfingB．itsbusinessaswellasartsC．theOperaHouseD．theBotanicGardens解析　细节理解题。根据CheapFlightstoSydney下面的“Famousforitsgoldenbeachesandtrulyworldclasssurf，Sydneyoffersthebestoutdooractivities.”可知A项正确。答案　A3．Howcanyoubooktheflighttickets?A．Byphone.B．OntheInternet.C．Withapersonalvisit.D．Throughahotel.解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“CallusforcheapairticketdealsonflightsfromallUKairports.”以及最后一段中的“Callusnowtogetthischeapflightdeal.”可知，可以通过打电话订到便宜的机票。答案　A4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducethreefamouscities.B．Toattracttouriststobookflights.20\nC．Tointroducesometravelexperts.D．Torecommendtouristactivities.解析　写作意图推断题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过介绍几个不同地方的旅游特色来吸引更多的人订购便宜的机票。故答案为B。答案　BPassage2体裁：说明文　话题：旅游世界　时间：7分钟(2022·吉林长春调研)Europeishometoavarietyofculturaltreasures.LonelyPlanet，theworld'slargesttravelguidepublisher，hasofferedpairsofcitiesforculturehungrybuttimepoortravelers.LondonandParisIttakesyouabouttwohourstotravelfromLondontoParisbyEurostar，ahighspeedrailwayservice.Thetwocapitalcitieshavebeencompetinginfashion，artandnightlifefordecades—buteachsecretlylooksuptotheother.NoonecandoubtthegrandandimpressivebeautyofParis'LouvreMuseum，butifyouwanttosavemoney，youcannotskiptheBritishMuseumfreetovisit.ComparedwithLondon，ParishasmoreoutdoorattractionssuchasthebeautifulgreenwalkwayLaPromenadePlantée.InParis，you'llseedinerslingeroverredwine.WhileinLondon，youcantrysomeafternoontea，eatfishandchipsorsaltedcake.ViennaandBratislavaAustriancapitalViennaandSlovakiancityBratislavaareanhourapartbytrain.ButsincetheyarelinkedbytheDanubeRiver，thebestwaytotravelisbyship.Atourofthetwocitiesistheperfectwaytoexperienceeverythingfrom17thcentury'sHabsburgDynastysplendortoscifirestaurants.ViennaisfamousforMozartandimperialpalaces.YoucanappreciatetheperfectblendingofarchitectureandnatureinthegrandSchonbrunnPalace，andrewardyourselfwithacupofViennacoffee，whichhasmadeitswaytotheworld'sculturalheritagelist.Bratislavaisbestknownforitsfinedining—theremarkableUFOrestaurant.Youcanenjoyameatladendinnerhereinanamazingsetting.20\n【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了两组对于旅游者来说不容错过的欧洲城市——伦敦和巴黎，维也纳和布拉迪斯拉发。1．What'stherelationshipbetweenLondonandParisaccordingtothetext?A．Theyhelpeachother.B．Theyattackeachother.C．Theyadmireeachother.D．Theydon'tlikeeachother.解析　细节理解题。根据LondonandParis下面的“buteachsecretlylooksuptotheother”可知，这两座城市相互钦佩，因此选C。答案　C2．WhataretheadvantagesofParismentionedinthearticle?a．TheLouvreMuseum.b．Freeaccesstomuseums.c．Moreoutdoorattractions.d．Betterwinesandperfumes.A．acB．cdC．acdD．bcd解析　细节理解题。根据LondonandParis下面的“NoonecandoubtthegrandandimpressivebeautyofParis'LouvreMuseum”可知a被提及了；根据本段中的“Parishasmoreoutdoorattractions”可知c被提及了。而文中关于巴黎的优点并没有提到b和d，因此选A。答案　A3．Whichofthecitiesshouldyouchooseifyouareinterestedinscifirestaurants?A．London.B．Paris.C．Glasgow.D．Bratislava.解析　细节理解题。根据ViennaandBratislava下面的“Atourofthetwocitiesistheperfectwaytoexperienceeverythingfrom...toscifirestaurants.”和“Bratislavaisbestknownforitsfinedining—theremarkableUFOrestaurant.”可推知，D项正确。答案　D4．LonelyPlanetrecommendsthesetwopairsofcitiesbecause______.A．theyarenotexpensivetovisitB．theyarebestknowntotheworldC．theyarealwaysenemiesbetweeneachotherD．theyareclosebutdifferentinmanyaspects20\n解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“LonelyPlanet，theworld'slargesttravelguidepublisher，hasofferedpairsofcitiesforculturehungrybuttimepoortravelers.”并结合下文可知，每组中的两个城市相距不远，比较节约时间，而且它们有着不同的文化，因此才推荐给旅游者。故选D。答案　DPassage3体裁：议论文　话题：社会文化　时间：7分钟(2022·山西高三四校联考)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideology(意识形态)thatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology，basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus，theyarenaturallysuited，muchmoresothanmen，totheperformanceofdomestic(家庭的)duties.Awoman'splace，undernormalcircumstances，iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles，suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand，menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics，whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders；womenandchildrenare“dependents”．Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisappropriateforwomen，notmen，tobeemployedasnurses，socialworkers，elementaryschoolteachers，householdhelpers，clerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen'sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women'swork”and“men'swork”inthelaborforce，accordingtotheideology，aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Finally，theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime，itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus，womenmust，whetherathomeorinthelaborforce，makethemostoftheirphysicalappearances.Sogoestheideology.Itis，ofcourse，nottruethatbasicbiologicaland20\npsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysexdefinedrolesinsociallife.Thereisenoughevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety，andthose_role_differences_that_do_exist_are_largely_learned.Buttosomedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendsmenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety，sosexdefinedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.【语篇导读】　本文论述了男女性别差异的根源，认为男女在社会中所扮演的不同的角色是由男女之间生理和心理两方面的差异造成的。1．Accordingtothebiologyisdestinyideology，women______.A．cannotcompetewithmeninanyfieldB．aremoresuitedtodomesticjobsthanmenC．aresensitiveenoughtobeagoodcaretakerD．aretooweaktodoanyagriculturalworkatall解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus，theyarenaturallysuited，muchmoresothanmen，totheperformanceofdomestic(家庭的)duties.”可知，女性比男性更适合做家务，选择B项。答案　B2．Thosewhohaveprejudicesagainstwomenthinkthat______.A．womenshouldn'tgooutforworkB．womenshouldearnmoneytoaddthefamilyincomeC．womengoingoutforworkshouldonlydo“women'swork”D．womenshouldtakejobstodrillthespecialcapabilitiesofthesex解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.”可知，对女性有偏见的人认为，那些想走出家门到外面工作的女性自然应该只做适合女性的工作。答案　C3．Theauthorthinksthatthepositionswomenholdoutside________.A．aredeterminedbywhattheyarebettersuitedtoB．growoutoftheirhouseholdresponsibilitiesC．representtheirbreakthroughofsexdiscriminationD．arephysicallyandemotionallysuitabletothem解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionof20\nwomen'sdomesticrole.”可知，女性在外面所从事的工作仅仅是女性家庭角色的一种延伸，因此选择B。答案　B4．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A．Sexrolesaresociallydetermined.B．Sexrolesareemotionallyandphysicallydetermined.C．Sexrolesarebiologicallyandpsychologicallydetermined.D．Sexrolesaredeterminedbyeducationpeopletake.解析　句意理解题。根据前文可知，有大量的证据表明在不同的社会中男女所扮演的角色也各不相同。该句暗示性别角色也是由社会因素决定的，应选择A。答案　APassage4体裁：记叙文　话题：人生百态　时间：7分钟TheOlympicmedalceremonieshavealreadybegun.Butsomeathleteshardlydisguisetheirdisappointmentwhensilverandnotgoldishungaroundtheirnecks.TheBritishjudosilvermedallistNeilAdamscallshistwofromthe1980s“loser'smedals”．Untilfouryearsago，theywereinaboxatthebackofacupboard.Hiswifethenhadthemframedforhis50thbirthdayandtheyarenowuponthewall.Adamsfeelsproudwhenhelooksatthem，buthisthoughtsquicklyturnto“whatifs”．“Iwouldn'tchangemuch”，headds.Andhewouldn'tneedto.Goldwaswithinhisgrasptwice，butslippedawaybyanarrowmarginonthejudomat.“ThelossesattheOlympicGameswerethemostdifficultthingformetoaccept，”hesaid.“Ididn'twinthesilvermedal.Ilostthegold.Inmymindtheywerelosses.Ithastakenmorethan30yearstogetoverit.”MarkCavendish，JessicaEnnisandMoFarahhaveneverwonOlympicgold，buttheycameintoLondon2022asthreeofTeamGB'sbiggestmedalhopes.Unfortunately，Cavendishhasalreadysuffereddisappointmentinthecyclingroadrace.NeilAdamswasinthatsamepositioninboththe1980and1984games.However，inacareerinwhichhecollectedeveryotherjudoaccolade，thingssimplywentwrongattheOlympics.20\nInMoscow1980，Adamswasjust21yearsoldandfoundthemediafocusandpressureofexpectationtoomuch.Askedaboutbeingafavourite，Adamssaid：“Itishell，andabouthowyoucopewithitinthemind.Itcanmakeyouafraidtowinorloseandthereisadifference.Iwasafraidtolose.Sometimesyoufreeze.Sometimesittakesyouover.”Adamssaysthathewasverycautiousandthatwhensomethingwastacticalandtechnicalheapproachedittootactically.Perhapsit'sbettertogoinwitha‘nothingtolose’attitude.ThatmightbethereasonwhytheOlympicGameshaveoftencreatedsurpriseresults.Sometimesit'stheoneswhokeeptheircoolandworkthehardestwhogettheresults.【语篇导读】　参加奥运会的运动员都希望获得金牌，而那些与金牌失之交臂获得银牌的运动员的心里是什么滋味儿呢？1．WhereareNeilAdams'silvermedalsnow?A．Aroundhisneck.B．Atthebackofacupboard.C．Inabox.D．Onthewall.解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，现在这两枚银牌被他的妻子裱框后挂在了墙上。答案　D2．HowlongdidAdamskeepthemedalsinthebox?A．Morethan30years.B．Morethan40years.C．Morethan20years.D．Nomorethan20years.解析　细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，他分别于1980年和1984年参加奥运会，并分别夺得了一枚银牌，但他的两枚银牌是在四年前才从盒子里拿出来的，也就是2022年，那么第一枚银牌在盒子里放了28年，第二枚银牌放了24年。因此答案应为20多年。答案　C3．Adamsalwaysfeltitapitytowinsilvermedalsbecause________.A．hewasnarrowlybeatenbythechampionB．hedidn'ttryhisbestC．helackedtechniquesD．hewastoogreedy解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，他本来是能够获胜的，但最后都是对手勉强获得冠军，这让他觉得很可惜。答案　A20\n4．Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetootherathletes?A．Trytobecomethemediafocus.B．Keeptheircoolandworkhard.C．Trytodobetternexttime.D．Useasmanytechniquesaspossible.解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，作者建议其他运动员要保持冷静并努力锻炼，因此选择B。答案　BPassage5体裁：说明文　话题：游戏与学习　时间：7分钟Astudysuggestsplayingvideogamesthatmighthelpdyslexic(诵读困难的)peoplelearnmorequickly.VanessaHarrarofBritain'sUniversityofOxfordledthestudy.ShereportedthefindingsinthejournalCurrentBiology.Thestudysuggeststhatdyslexicpeoplemayhavetroublemovingquicklyfromwhattheyreadtowhattheyhear.Inthestudy，DoctorHarrartested17peoplewithdyslexia，and19otherswithoutreadingproblems.Thevolunteerswereaskedtopushabuttonasquicklyaspossiblewhentheyheardasound，sawalightorexperiencedbothtogether.DoctorHarrarcomparedthespeedoftheirreactions.Shefoundthatpeoplewithdyslexiawerejustasfastastheotherswhentheysawonlyapictureorheardonlyasound.ButtheDyslexicshadaslowerreactiontimewhentheyheardasoundandsawapictureatthesametime，thismayhaveaneffectonhowdyslexicchildrenaretaughthowtoread.DoctorHarrarfeelslikeplayingvideogamescouldhelpdyslexicpeopleshiftfromseeingtohearingmorequickly.Sheaddsthatimagesinvideogamesforcetheeyestomoveandfocusquickly.“Videogametypesofthingspopoutofhereandthere，theymoveyoureyesaroundthescreenquitequicklyinresponsetothingsquitequickly，andthemoreyouplayavideogamethefasteryougetthatkindofthing.So，thevideogameisreallytrainingtheattentionsystemtomovequickly，”saidHarrar.Whenchildrenlearnthealphabet，theyusuallyseetheletterfirstandthenhearthesound，ortheyseeandheartheletteratthesametime.ThestudyshowsthatDyslexicsmightlearnmorequicklyifthey20\nhearthesoundofaletterorwordfirstbeforeseeingit.【语篇导读】　研究表明视频游戏能帮助阅读障碍者学习。1．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtoPlayVideoGamesBetterB．VideoGamesMightHelpDyslexicsC．VideoGamesCanCureDyslexicsCompletelyD．What'sDyslexics解析　标题概括题。文章主要讲述了研究表明视频游戏能帮助有阅读障碍者学习，故用B作为文章的标题最好。答案　B2．Accordingtothepassagethedyslexicpeoplehavedifficultyin______.A．changingfromwhattheyseetowhattheyhearquicklyB．movingaroundC．playingvideogamesD．watchingmovies解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thestudysuggeststhatdyslexicpeoplemayhavetroublemovingquicklyfromwhattheyreadtowhattheyhear.”和第四段中的“DoctorHarrarfeelslikeplayingactionvideogamescouldhelpdyslexicpeopleshiftfromseeingtohearingmorequickly.”可知有阅读障碍的人在所看到的东西和所听到的东西之间进行转换时有困难。答案　A3．Thestudyshowsthepeoplewithdyslexiaresponse______whentheyonlytakeasingleaction.A．slowerthanthepeoplewithoutdyslexiaB．fasterthanthepeoplewithoutdyslexiaC．asfastasthepeoplewithoutdyslexiaD．twicefasterthanthepeoplewithoutdyslexia解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Shefoundthatpeoplewithdyslexiawerejustasfastastheotherswhentheysawonlyapictureorheardonlyasound.”可知应选C。答案　C4．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph4?A．Thereasonaboutherstudy.B．Thesituationaboutherstudy.20\nC．Theproblemaboutherstudy.D．Theconclusionaboutherstudy.解析　推理判断题。通读第四段不难发现Harrar向我们介绍了她研究的结论：如何才能更好地使有阅读障碍的人反应的更快——玩视频游戏。答案　D5．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．TheDyslexicsreactquicklywhentheyhearawordandseeitinthemeantime.B．TheDyslexicsmakenoreactionwhentheyhearawordandseeitinthemeantime.C．TheDyslexicsreactquicklywhentheyhearawordbeforeseeit.D．TheDyslexicsreactquicklywhentheyhearawordafterseeit.解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ButtheDyslexicshadaslowerreactiontimewhentheyheardasoundandsawapictureatthesametime...”和最后一段中的“ThestudyshowsthatDyslexicsmightlearnmorequicklyiftheyhearthesoundofaletterorwordfirstbeforeseeingit.”可知有阅读障碍的人在看到一个单词之前先听到它，他们反应会快一些，故选C项。答案　CPassage6体裁：记叙文　话题：语言学习　时间：8分钟IpreferLynneTruss'sphraseology:Iamagrammar“stickler”．And，likeTruss—authorofEats，Shoots&Leaves—Ihavea“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarmistakesthatmakepeoplelookstupid.Now，TrussandIdisagreeonwhatitmeanstohave“zerotolerance”．Shethinksthatpeoplewhomixupbasicgrammar“deservetobestruckbylightning，hackeduponthespotandburiedinanunmarkedgrave”，whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition.Everyonewhoappliesforapositionateitherofmycompanies，iFixitorDozuki，takesacompulsorygrammartest.Ifjobhopefulscan'tdistinguishbetween“to”and“too”，theirapplicationsgointothebin.Ofcourse，wewriteforaliving.iFixit.comistheworld'slargestonline20\nrepairmanual(指南)，andDozukihelpscompanieswritetheirowntechnicaldocumentation，likepaperlessworkinstructionsandstepbystepusermanuals.So，itmakessensethatwe'vemadeastrongstrikeagainstgrammarerrors.Butgrammarisrelevantforallcompanies.Yes，languageisconstantlychanging，butthatdoesn'tmakegrammarunimportant.Goodgrammariscredibility，especiallyontheInternet.And，forbetterorworse，peoplejudgeyouifyoucan'ttellthedifferencebetween“their”“there”and“they're”．Goodgrammarmakesgoodbusinesssense—andnotjustwhenitcomestohiringwriters.Writingisn'tintheofficialjobdescriptionofmostpeopleinouroffice.Still，wegiveourgrammartesttoeverybody，includingoursalespeople，ouroperationsstaff，andourprogrammers.Grammarsignifiesmorethanjustaperson'sabilitytorememberhighschoolEnglish.I'vefoundthatpeoplewhomakefewermistakesonagrammartestalsomakefewermistakeswhentheyaredoingsomethingcompletelyunrelatedtowriting—likestockingshelvesorlabelingparts.Itisthesamewithprogrammers.Applicantswhodon'tthinkwritingisimportantarelikelytothinklotsofotherthingsalsoaren'timportant.【语篇导读】　作者讲述了自己对语法错误的态度以及正确运用语法的重要性。1．TheauthoragreeswithLynneTrussonthat______.A．grammarmistakescan'tbetolerantB．booksongrammarmakepeoplestupidC．peopleneedtolearnbasicgrammarD．grammarmistakesareabsolutelyunavoidable解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句可知，作者和LynneTruss一样，对语法错误都有一套“零容忍”策略，故选A项。答案　A2．What'stheauthor's“zerotolerance”approachtothesejobseekerswhomixupbasicgrammar?A．Theyshouldbeleftoutforajob.B．Theyhavetocorrecttheirmistakes.C．Theyaren'tqualifiedfortheirjobs.D．Theymustbeseverelypunished.20\n解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition”可知，作者认为这些犯基础语法错误的求职者不应被录取。答案　A3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofiFixitandDozuki?A．Onlyoneofthemhasacompulsorygrammartest.B．Theyarecompanieswhereonelearnsgrammar.C．Grammarisquiteimportantfortheirexistence.D．Theydependongrammarcorrectionforaliving.解析　细节理解题。根据第四段至第六段内容，作者对每位员工都进行语法测试，因为正确的语法对作者的两个公司非常重要。答案　C4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Companiesgivinggrammartestsmayhavenogoodbusinesssense.B．Grammarbecomesunimportantaslanguageisconstantlychanging.C．A“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarerrorsmightseemalittleunfair.D．Peoplewhopayattentiontowritingmaypayattentiontootherthings.解析　细节理解题。文章最后一段指出，在语法测试中出错少的人在做与写作无关的事情时错误也少，由此可见，那些重视写作的人，同样会重视其他事情。答案　DPassage7体裁：说明文　话题：公民科学　时间：7分钟Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearchrelatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.AnexampleofcitizenscienceisaprojectcalledProjectBudBurst.Overthepastsixgrowingseasons，ProjectBudBursthasusedthousandsofvolunteerobservers.Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit.Theobservationsgointoahugedatabase.Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.ProjectdirectorSandraHendersonsays20\nparticipatorysciencelikethisisanideathatisgrowingquickly.Forexample，peoplewhoenjoyastronomycanobservechangesinthebrightnessofastar.PeoplecanexaminesatelliteimagesofEarthtolookforsiteswherearcheologistsmightfindthelosttombofGenghisKhan，theMongolianwarriorandruler.Orsomeoneinterestedinorcawhalescanlistentounderwatermicrophonesandletresearchersknowwhenthewhalesarepresent.ThousandsofAmericansandCanadiansvolunteeredtocountbirdsthispastmigrationseasonaspartofProjectFeederWatch.Anotherareawherecitizensciencehasgrownisintestingwater.AmandaBrunercoordinatesSoundCitizen，aprojectbasedattheUniversityofWashingtoncampusinTacoma.ItkeepstrackofpollutantsinPugetSound.Somepeople，includingscientists，stillquestionwhetheraveragecitizenscancollectreliabledata.Newdigitaltoolscanhelpsettlequestionsaboutdataquality，andmakeiteasierforpeopletotakepartincitizenscience.Publichealthresearchisanotherareawhereaveragecitizensaregettinginvolved—insomecases，whetherresearcherslikeitornot.Theideaisforthepublictohaveavoiceinhowpublichealthstudiesaredone.Thereisevenasayingforthiskindofactivism：“Nomoreresearchaboutuswithoutus.”【语篇导读】　本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。1．Whoaretheparticipantsinvolvedincitizenscience?A．Professionalscientistswhohaveretired.B．Thepublicshowinginterestinsomescienceprojects.C．Citizenswhohavespecificscientifictraining.D．Studentswantingtobescientists.解析　细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有兴趣的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。答案　B2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouareinterestedinplants，youmaytakepartin______.A．ProjectBudBurstB．ProjectFeederWatchC．SoundCitizenD．publichealthresearch20\n解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit...Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.”可知答案为A。答案　A3．FromParagraph3，wecaninferthat______.A．citizensciencedevelopsquicklyandincludesmanyfieldsB．thereisnoneedforprofessionalscientiststodoresearchC．observationistheonlymethodtodocitizenscienceD．citizensciencehasgrownintestingwater解析　推理判断题。根据第二段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizenscience发展迅速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确。D属于明示信息，不属于推论。答案　A4．Whatcanhelpgetreliabledataincitizenscience?A．Specificscientifictraining.B．Moreparticipationofthepublic.C．Greatersocialsupport.D．Newdigitaltools.解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Newdigitaltoolscanhelp...takepartincitizenscience.”可知答案为D。答案　D【长难句解读】原文　Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearchrelatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.译文　公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目，参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者群体，他们中许多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练，而执行或者管理与科学研究有关的一些任务，如观察、测量或计算。分析　定语从句“inwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers...orcomputation”为限制性定语从句，修饰“projectsorongoingprogramsofscientificwork”，这一定语从句的主语“individualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers”又被manyofwhom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。Passage820\n体裁：说明文　话题：语言学习　时间：7分钟Aperson'snoseisimportantforbreathingandsmelling.Thenoseisalsousedinmanypopularexpressions.Somepeoplecanleadotherpeoplebythenose.Forexample，ifawifeleadsherhusbandbythenose，shemakeshimdowhatevershewantshimtodo.Somepeoplearesaidtobehardnosed.Theywillnotchangetheiropinionsorpositionsonanything.Ifsomeoneishardnosed，chancesarehewillneverpaythroughthenose，orpaytoomuchmoney，foranobjectorservice.Itisalwayshelpfulwhenpeoplekeeptheirnoseoutofotherpeople'sbusiness.Theydonotinterfere.Theoppositeofthisissomeonewhonosesaroundallthetime.Thiskindofpersonisinterestedinotherpeople'sprivatematters.Heisconsiderednosey.Moreproblemscandevelopifapersonlooksdownhisnoseatsomeoneorsomething.Thepersonactslikesomethingisunimportantorworthless.Thispersonmightalsoturnuphisnoseatsomethingthatheconsidersnotgoodenough.Thispersonthinksheisbetterthaneveryoneelse.Hehashisnoseintheair.Inschool，somestudentsthumbtheirnoseattheirteacher.Theyrefusetoobeyordersordoanywork.Maybethesestudentsdonotknowthecorrectanswers.Mymotheralwaystoldme，ifyoustudyhard，theanswersshouldberightunderyournoseoreasilyseen.Ithinkwehaveexplainedthenoseexpressions.Whataboutears?Well，Ihopeyouareallearsorveryinterestedinhearingmoreexpressions.Wemightevenputabuginyourearorgiveyouanideaaboutsomething.Wealsoadviseyoutokeepyoureartotheground.Thismeanstobeinterestedinwhatishappeningaroundyouandwhatpeoplearethinking.Ifyouareagoodperson，youwilllendaneartoyourfriends.Youwilllistentothemwhentheyhaveaproblemtheyneedtotalkabout.【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了与nose和ear有关的一些习语。1．Ifwesayamanpaidthroughthenose，wemean______.A．hejudgedthequalityofthingsbysmellingB．heboughtsomethinghedislikedC．heboughtsomethingveryexpensive20\nD．heoverpaidforsomethinghebought解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话可知，“paythroughthenose”与“paytoomuchmoney”同义，意思是“多花钱，付高价”。故选择D项。答案　D2．Ifapersonisinterestedinotherpeople'sprivatematters，hemay______.A．nosearoundallthetimeB．keephisnoseoutofotherpeople'sthingsC．turnuphisnoseatothersD．keephiseartotheground解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的第三、四句话可知，nosearound“探查，打探”，此处表示对别人的私事非常感兴趣，符合题意，故选A。答案　A3．Whenyourfriendwantstosharesomethingwithyou，youshould______.A．putabuginhisearB．lookdownyournoseathimC．lendaneartohimD．leadhimbythenose解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，当你的朋友需要谈一些问题时，你应该倾听他的诉说。故lendaneartosb“倾听，聆听”，符合题意。答案　C4．Inwhichsentenceistheexpressionnotusedproperly?A．Wehavearealhardnosedboss，whoalwaysstandsfirminhisopinions.B．Sometimestrueloveisrightunderyournose.C．Wewereallears，butheforgotwhathewantedtosay.D．Itisimportantforustothumbournoseatourparents.解析　细节理解题。根据第六段前两句可知，学生拒绝服从老师的命令或做一些事时，会对他们的老师“thumbtheirnose”，故thumbone'snoseatsb/sth表示“嗤之以鼻，蔑视”，所以D项错误。答案　D【长难句解读】原文　Thispersonmightalsoturnuphisnoseatsomethingthatheconsidersnotgoodenough.译文　这种人也可能会看不起他认为不够好的东西。分析　thatheconsidersnotgoodenough为定语从句，修饰something。20\n20