【创新设计】（广东专用）2022高考英语 大二轮总复习测试 阅读理解专题 专题四 “顺藤摸瓜” 明辨词义猜测类题目

专题四　“顺藤摸瓜”——明辨词义猜测类题目　Ⅰ.体验高考Passage1体裁：说明文　话题：科学研究　时间：6分钟(2022·广东卷，D)Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流)．Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhightechequipment.However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience，hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswap_meetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes－about60,000intotal－fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded，hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing(海滩搜寻)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere，andasaresult，thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata，heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents，andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.Astheresultofhiswork，Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts，with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.【语篇导读】　本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。1．TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．fittingroomsB．tradingfairsC．businesstalksD．groupmeetings解析　词义猜测题。由前面的somanyshoes和后面的totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。答案　B2．Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout________.A．whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB．whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC．whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD．howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident解析　事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywanted12\ntheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment”可知，选C。答案　C3．HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A．Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.B．Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.C．Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D．Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.解析　事实细节题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthem(seriousbeachcombers)andaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。答案　A4．Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor________.A．travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB．makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC．runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD．phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea解析　事实细节题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean可知，选D。答案　D5．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A．Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B．Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C．Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D．Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.解析　主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段，即However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage，由此可知选C。答案　CPassage2体裁：说明文　话题：旅鸽　时间：6分钟(2022·课标Ⅰ卷)Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasaneverlastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswere12\nshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.【语篇导读】　本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。1．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________.A．werethebiggestbirdintheworldB．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS解析　事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。答案　D2．Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'________.A．escapeB．ruinC．liberationD．evolution解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。答案　B3．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A．Toseekpleasure.B．Tosaveotherbirds.C．Tomakemoney.D．Toprotectcrops.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。答案　C4．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A．Itwasignoredbythepublic.B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C．Itwasunfair.D．Itwasstrict.解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。答案　BⅡ.仿真、模拟Passage1体裁：说明文　话题：卫生保健　时间：7分钟12\n(2022·鹰潭一中月考)FiveBoomingCareersinHealthCareLovingwhatyoudoisgreat，butknowingyourcareerwillbetheretomorrowisevenbetter.Andwhenitcomestoboomingfields，thehealthcareindustryisonethat'sprimedforgrowth.Wanttopreparetotakeyourplaceinthehealthcarefield？Checkoutthesefiveindemandhealthcarecareers.Career1MedicalandHealthServicesManagerIfyouwanttotakeyourleadershipskillsintothegrowinghealthcarefield，considerpursuingacareerasamedicalandhealthservicesmanager.Asamedicalandhealthservicesmanageryoumightplan，direct，andorganizehealthservicesinanentirehealthcarefacility，oraspecificdepartmentorclinicalarea，saysU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Dailydutiescouldincludehandlingafacility'sfinances，creatingworkschedules，andmakingsurethathealthcareservicesaredeliveredefficiently.Career2MedicalAssistantIfyouareinterestedinworkinginadoctor'soffice，considerpreparingforacareerintheindemandfieldofmedicalassisting.Asamedicalassistant，youcouldplayaroleinhelpingpatients'visitsgosmoothlyfromwhentheyfirstwalkinthedoor.Yourdutiesmightincludemeasuringvitalsigns，assistingthephysicianwithexaminations，recordinghealthinformation，andschedulingappointments，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career3RegisteredNurseReadytoputyourhelpfulnaturetouseinthelargesthealthcarefield？Lookintopreppingtopursueacareerinregisterednursing.Asaregisterednurse，youcouldworkcloselywithpatientsbyprovidingcare，education，andemotionalsupport.Youmightgivepatientsmedicinesandtreatments，observetheirconditions，orperformdiagnostic(诊断的)tests，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career4PhysicalTherapistAssistantWanttoenteranindemandhealthcarefieldwhereyoucouldreallyplayahandsonroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality？Ifso，acareerasaphysicaltherapistassistantcouldbeagoodfit.Underthesupervisionofaphysicaltherapist，youcouldhelppatientsregainmovementastheyrecoverfrominjuries，illnesses，orsurgery.Yourroleintherehabilitationprocesscouldincludeassistingpatientswithtechniques(massage，stretching)andtherapeuticmethodslikeelectricalstimulationandmechanicaltraction，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career5PharmacyTechnicianPreferahealthcarecareerthatislesshandson？Considerpursuingacareerinthegrowingpharmacytechnicianfield.Pharmacytechnicianscanberesponsibleforcountingpills，fillingprescriptions，providingcustomerservice，andfulfillingadministrativetasksunderthesupervisionofalicensedpharmacist，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.【语篇导读】　本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业。1．Asamedicalassistant，yourdutiesmightNOTinclude________.A．assistingthephysicianwithexaminationsB．recordinghealthinformationC．schedulingappointments12\nD．providingcustomerservice解析　细节理解题。根据职业二医务助理我们可以判断出答案。答案　D2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaphysicaltherapistassistant?A．He/Shecanhelppatientsgainmovementastheyareintheillness.B．His/Herfunctionincludesassistingpatientsandprovidingcustomerservice.C．His/Herdutymightincludemeasuringvitalsignsandrecordinghealthinformation.D．He/Shecouldplayapracticalroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality.解析　推理判断题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第一段，可得出答案D。答案　D3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rehabilitation”mean?A．Theprocessofimprovingorbecomingstronger.B．Theprocessofcuttingapartofaperson'sbodyinordertoremoveorrepairadamagedpart.C．Theprocessofrecordingsomebody'snameonanofficiallist.D．Theprocessofhelpingsomebodytohaveanormallifeagainaftertheyhavebeenillforalongtime.解析　猜测词义题。根据上下文我们可以猜测出这个单词的意思是“康复，恢复”。答案　D4．Whatisvitalforphysicaltherapistassistantsandpharmacytechnicianstoperformtheirduties?A．Thenatureofhelpingothers.B．Knowledgeofmedicineandhealthcare.C．Theabilityofinterpersonalcommunication.D．Thesupervisionofalicenseddoctor.解析　细节理解题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第二段第一句和职业五药品技师的第二段可知，虽然A、B、C三项都是成为医药工作者所必须的素质，但是最关键的前提是有带执照的医师的监督，故选D。答案　D5．Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto________.A．introducefiveboomingcareersinhealthcareB．persuadeyoutogointofiveboomingcareersinhealthcareC．advocatefiveboomingcareersinhealthcareD．classifyhealthcareintofivecareers解析　主旨大意题。本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业，并没有劝说读者去从事这些工作。答案　APassage2体裁：记叙文　话题：逸闻趣事　时间：7分钟Therewasonceatinycountrythatwassufferingfromalongdrought.Ithadgonesolongwithoutrainthatthepeopletherewerestartingtogohungrybecauseofthebadharvests.Itjustsohappenedthatagroupofmusiciansweretravelingthecountry，tryingtomakealivingfromtheirconcerts.Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.“Butmusiccanhelpovercomeanyproblems，”saidthemusicians，withoutanyonepayingthemthe12\nslightestattention.Sothemusicianstriedtofindoutthereasonitwouldn'train.Itwasverystrange，becausetheskywasovercast，butnoonecouldprovideananswer.“It'sbeencloudylikethisformanymonths，butnotasingledropofrainhasfallen，”peopletoldthem.“Don'tworry，we'llbringraintothecountry，”themusiciansresponded，andtheybeganrehearsingforaconcertatthesummitofthehighestmountain.Everyonewhoheardthemusicwasseizedbycuriosityandwentupthemountain.Andtheconductorofthisstrangeorchestragavetheorder，andthemusiciansbegantoplay.Fromtheirinstrumentscamesmall，playfulmusicalnotesthatroseandroseintotheclouds.Themusicwassojoyous，happyandfun，andthenotesstartedplayingwiththeclouds'soft，fluffybellies，runninghereandthere，upanddown，andthewholeskyturnedintoonebiggameoftickletorture.Beforelong，thegiantcloudswerethunderingwithlaughter.Themusicianscontinuedplayingjoyfullyandafewminuteslatertheclouds，cryingwithlaughter，soakedthelittlecountrybelowwiththeirprecioustears，bringinghappinesstoall.Andinmemoryofthatmusicalrain，everyoneinthecountrylearnedhowtoplayaninstrumentand，takingturns，wouldgoupthemountaineverydaytobringjoytothecloudswiththeirbeautifulsongs.【语篇导读】　一个干旱已久的小国，却因为音乐家们的到来，改变了他们的命运——音乐家通过在山顶上演奏音乐，从而为当地降下了甘霖。为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习音乐，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。1．Whydidthecountryhavethebadharvests?A．Becauseit'stoohot.B．Becauseit'stoocold.C．Becauseit'stoowet.D．Becauseit'stoodroughty.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知那个国家歉收的原因是因为长期干旱少雨，故选D项。答案　D2．What'stheattitudeofthepeopletowardthemusicians?A．Active.B．Energetic.C．Cold.D．Enthusiastic.解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.”和“withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.”可以推出人们对音乐家们的态度是冷淡的。故选C。答案　C3．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?A．CloudyB．RainyC．SunnyD．Windy解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“It'sbeencloudylikethis...”可以推出overcast的意思与cloudy意思一样。故选A项。答案　A4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．GreatmusiciansB．MusicforthecloudsC．LaughingcloudsD．Musicrehearsing12\n解析　标题概括题。本文主要讲述了音乐家通过在山顶上为云彩演奏音乐，从而使云彩流动起来，最终降下了期盼已久的雨，为当地人们带来了快乐。由此可以推出文章的标题应选B项。答案　B5．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthatthepeopleinthesmallcountry______.A．hatemusicB．lovemusicC．teachmusicD．practicemusic解析　推理判断题。最后一段中讲到为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习乐器，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。由此可以推出人们喜欢音乐。答案　BPassage3体裁：说明文　话题：科学研究　时间：7分钟(2022·广州调研)Imagineputtingaseedinafreezer，waiting30,000years，andthentakingtheseedoutandplantingit.Doyouthinkaflowerwouldgrow?Amazingly，scientistshavejustmanagedtodosomethingverysimilar.TheyfoundthefruitofanancientplantthathadbeenfrozenundergroundinSiberia—aregioncoveringcentralandeasternRussia—forabout31,800years.Usingpiecesofthefruit，thescientistsgrewplantsinalab.Thenewbloomshavedelicatewhitepetals.Theyarealsotheoldestfloweringplantsthatresearchershaveeverrevivedfromadeepfreeze.“Thisislikeregeneratingadinosaurfromtissuesofanancientegg，”saidJaneShenMiller，abiologistofUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Theplanthasalonghistory.Backwhenmammothsandwoollyrhinoceroseswalkedontheland，anArcticgroundsquirrelburiedseedsandfruitsinanundergroundchamberneartheKolymaRiverinnortheasternSiberia.Thegroundbecamepermafrost，alayerofsoilthatstaysfrozenforalongtime.Recently，Russianscientistsdugouttheoldsquirrelholeandfoundtheplantremains38metersbelowthesurface.Backatthelab，theteamfednutrientstotissuefromthreeofthefruitstogrowshoots.Thenthescientiststransferredtheshootstopotsfilledwithsoil.Theplantsproducedseedsthatcouldbeusedtogrowevenmoreofthem.It'simportantforscientiststoknowthatplanttissuescanstillberevivedafterbeingfrozenforalongtime.That'sbecausemanyresearchersaretryingtopreservetheseedsofmodernplantsbyfreezingthemandthenstoringthemingiantlockersatvariousspotsaroundtheglobe.Onesuchendeavor，anundergroundfacilityinNorway，iscalledtheSvalbardGlobalSeedVault.Itstoreshundredsofthousandsoffrozenseeds.Ifaplantevergoesextinct，scientistscouldbringitbackbytakingitsseedsfromtheSvalbardorotherstoragelockers.“Nooneknowshowlongtheyareabletolivefor，butfreezingisbasicallytheformatformanyplantconservationattemptsnowadays，”JaneShenMillersaid.It'sagoodthingthatatleastsomeplantsaretoughenoughtosurviveintheexperience.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇科普文字，介绍一个科研项目，一个对数万年种子的实验。1．Howwereseedsandfruitsoriginallyintheundergroundchamber?A．Theywereplacedtherebyananimal.B．TheyweretrappedthereduringtheIceAge.C．Theywereplantedtherebyancientfarmers.D．Theywereburiedthereaftertheearthquake.12\n解析　细节理解题。由第四段的第二句可知，当初是松鼠把它们埋在地下的，故选A项。答案　A2．WhichofthefollowingwasNOTusedtorecreatetheancientplant?A．Modernnutrients.B．Partsofthefruits.C．Itsfrozenseeds.D．Plantpotswithsoil.解析　细节理解题。由第五段可知，在培育新苗时没有用冷冻的种子。答案　C3．Whyarescientistsinterestedinthisdiscovery?A．Ithelpsthemlearnhowplantlifehaschangedinthepast30,000years.B．Itcanhelpguidefutureeffortstoprotectendangeredplants'life.C．Itcanprovidedirectionsforwhereto1ookforotherancientplants.D．Itprovesthatallplantlifecansurviveforthousandsofyearswhenfrozen.解析　推理判断题。由第六段的第二句可推知，这一发现对于保存濒危植物种子的研究有着重大意义。答案　B4．Theunderlinedword“they”inthefinalparagraphrefersto________.A．plantsB．seedsC．scientistsD．storagelockers解析　代词指代题。联系上文，尤其是上一段的内容可以看出they指代的是种子，故选B。答案　B5．Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A．discussaplantconservationeffortB．introducesomeancientplantsC．outlinesomecausesofglobalwarmingD．describeascientificresearchproject解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文意在介绍一个科研项目，故答案为D项。答案　DPassage4体裁：记叙文　话题：热点关注　时间：7分钟Doesstylereallysell?Howcantheappearanceofaproductbemoreimportantthanwhatitdoes?ThebattlebetweenformandfunctionroseagainwhenJamesDyson，BritishinventoroftheDysonvacuum(真空)cleanerthathassoldinmillionsaroundtheworld，resignedaschairmanofLondon'sDesignMuseum.ItiswidelybelievedthatMr.Dysonfeltthatthemuseumputtoomuchstressonstyleattheexpenseofseriousindustrialdesign.Mr.Dysonaccusedthemuseumofnotkeepingtruetoitself.Hemayberight，butthesedays，museumseverywherecannolongeraffordtobeuniquecentersofscholarshipandlearning.Amongcompetitionforsponsorship，theymustuseexhibitionsofpopulistculture，nicecafesandshopsor，bestofall，anewbuildingbyFrankGehrytoincreasevisitornumbers.Ontheonehand，someproducerscanbetoooldfashionedandtooconcernedwiththeimportanceofproductengineeringandthefunctionalityoftheirgoods.Ontheotherhand，therearethosewhobelievethathowaproductlooksismoreimportant.Designisindeedabroadterm，involvingbothfunctionandform.Typically，inanygivenproductarea，itchangesfromtheformertothe12\nlatter.Clothingisagoodexample.Butsurelyyouwouldhavetobeaveryshallowpersontothinksomething'sappearanceismoreimportantthanwhatitdoes.Todaynearlyallgoodsatanygivenpricepointdomuchthesamejob.Soalmosttheonlywayproducerscandifferentiatetheirproductsfromthoseoftheircompetitorsistocreatesomesortofemotionalconnectionwiththeconsumer，whichcouldbethroughthevisualappealoftheproductoritspackaging，ortheimagery(意象)createdbyadvertising.AndwhatoftheDysonvacuumcleaner?Mr.Dysonmaybelievethatpeoplebuythesemachinesbecauseofthegraphsshowingtheirsuperiorsuction，butmostvacuumcleanersdoagoodjob；themainreasonpeoplepayextraforaDysonisthatitisavacuumcleanerwithatrendybrand.Withitsinsideworkingsexposed，itisabitlikeaRichardRogersbuildingwithallitspipesshowninbrightcolorsontheoutsideinsteadofbeinghiddeninside.Functionalitmaybe，butitisabitofatrick，too.【语篇导读】　英国吸尘器发明家Dyson因强烈反对设计博物馆太过注重外在的风格样式而辞职，他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方。1．Mr.DysonlefttheDesignMuseumbecausehethoughtthemuseum______.A．didn'tincreasethenumberofvisitorsB．couldn'tprovidescholarshipsforlearnersC．wasn'tloyaltoitsoriginalpurposeoflearningD．didn'thavegreatappealforseriousindustrialdesign解析　推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句话和第二段的第一句可知，他辞职是因为设计博物馆太注重风格样式。他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方，他们的做法违背了这个初衷。答案　C2．Speakingofclothing，theunderlinedword“latter”refersto“______”．A．affordingprotectionB．indicatingone'sidentityC．providingwarmthD．makingsomeonebeautiful解析　词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，这里的latter指的是前面一句话中的form，即外形。因此D项正确。答案　D3．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Aproductwithconvenientpackagingsellswell.B．Themajorityofconsumersprefertobuybrandedgoods.C．Mostsimilarlypricedproductsareofacomparablestandard.D．Emotioncontributesmuchtothedevelopmentofadvertisingindustry.解析　细节理解题。由第四段的第一句可知，大多数指定价格的产品都做着同样的工作，即大多数相似价格的产品都有可比的标准。所以C项正确。答案　C4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheformofaproduct?A．Optimistic.B．Sceptical.C．Disapproving.D．Objective.解析　态度推断题。由最后两段的内容可知，作者认为产品的外形还是很重要的，但也是个小花招，因此作者对产品外形持客观的态度。选D。答案　DPassage512\n体裁：议论文　话题：儿童教育　时间：7分钟(2022·西北工业大学附中模拟)Gaymarriage，andespeciallygayparenting，hasbeenin_the_cross_hairsinrecentdays.OnJan.6，RickSantorumtoldaNewHampshireaudiencethatchildrenarebetteroffwithafatherinprisonthanbeingraisedinahomewithlesbianparentsandnofatheratall.AndlastMonday(Jan.9)，PopeBenedictcalledgaymarriageathreat“tothefutureofhumanityitself”．citingtheneedforchildrentohaveheterosexualhomes.Butresearchonfamiliesheadedbygaysandlesbiansdoesn'tbackuptheseviews.Infact，insomeways，gayparentsmaybringtalentstothetablethatstraightparentsdon't.Gayparents“tendtobemoremotivated，morecommittedthanheterosexualparentsonaverage，becausetheychosetobeparents，”saidAbbieGoldberg，apsychologistatClarkUniversitywhoresearchesgayandlesbianparenting.Gaysandlesbiansrarelybecomeparentsbyaccident，comparedwithanalmost50percentaccidentalpregnancyrateamongheterosexuals，Goldbergsaid.“Thattranslatestogreatercommitmentonaverageandmoreinvolvement.”Andwhileresearchindicatesthatkidsofgayparentsshowfewdifferencesinachievement，mentalhealth，socialfunctioningandothermeasures，thesekidsmayhavetheadvantageofopenmindedness，toleranceandrolemodelsforequalrelationships，accordingtosomeresearch.Notonlythat，butgaysandlesbiansarelikelytoprovidehomesfordifficulttoplacechildreninthefostersystem，studiesshow.Childrenofgayparentsalsoshowlesscareaboutgenderdifference.That'slikelybecausegaysandlesbianstendtohavemoreequalrelationshipsthanstraightcouples，Goldbergsaid.“Menandwomenfeltliketheywerefreetopursueawiderangeofinterests，”Goldbergsaid.“Nobodywastellingthem，‘Oh，youcan'tdothat，that'saboything，'or‘That'sagirlthing.'”【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文，论述了同性婚姻家庭中成长的孩子对其性格的形成不利，而异性婚姻家庭中成长的孩子健全。1．Theunderlinedphrase“inthecrosshairs”(inParagraph1)probablymeans________.A．agreatconcernB．abigthreatC．apoliticalbanD．arolemodel解析　词义猜测题。由文章内容可知，这篇文章探讨的是同性婚姻和同性恋养育孩子的问题。这个问题引起人们的极大关注。答案　A2．ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatRickSantorum________.A．opposestheneedforchildrentohaveheterosexualhomesB．thinkschildrenarebetteroffwithafatherinprisonC．believeschildrenarebetteroffinheterosexualhomesD．isinfavorofchildrenbeingraisedbylesbianparents解析　推理判断题。由第二段可知RickSantorum认为在同性婚姻家庭中成长对孩子不利，所以他认为在异性婚姻家庭中成长对孩子比较好。答案　C3．FromAbbieGoldberg'swords，wecanlearnthat________.A．mostheterosexualparentshavechildrenbyaccident12\nB．gaysandlesbiansconsidercarefullybeforebecomingparentsC．heterosexualparentsarenotcommittedinthemarriageD．there'snogenderdifferenceingayandlesbianparenting解析　细节理解题。由第四段可知答案。答案　B4．Fromthepassage，wecaninferthat________.A．childrenofgayparentsaremoretalentedB．gayparentslikeadoptingpoorchildrenC．childrenofgayparentsmayenjoymorefreedomD．gayparentsshownodifferenceinsocialfunctioning解析　推理判断题。由最后一段可知答案。答案　C5．Whichofthefollowingistheadvantageofkidsofgayparents?A．Tolerance.B．Moretalents.C．Achievement.D．Mentalhealth.解析　细节理解题。由第五段第一句可知答案。答案　APassage6体裁：记叙文　话题：移民影响　时间：7分钟(2022·烟台市月考)FlyinghomefromAustraliarecently，IfoundmyselfwonderinghowmanyofthemultinationalgroupofpassengersonmyflightwerevisitingNewZealandforthefirsttimeand，ifso，whattheywouldmake_ofourbordercontrolsystems.Iamafruitgrower，anoccupationthatisexperiencingheightened(提高的)publicawarenessthankstothediscoveryofasinglemaleQueenslandfruitfly(果蝇)inanAucklandtrap.Forthefirsttimevisitorssharingmyflight，the“rigorous(严格)”ofbordercontrolgreetingtheminAucklandmighthavecomeasashock.ManywouldprobablybeaccustomedtotheborderlessEuropeanUnionortravelinAsiawhereit'spossibletocarryallkindsofplantmaterialonboardaplane.Butwhatmightbeconsideredaharmless，healthysnackformanyofthesevisitorsisnotharmlesstomeand6,000otherfruitandvegetablegrowers.Apieceoffruittheydidn'tgetaroundtoeatinganddroppedintotheirbagcouldbepotentiallyruiningmybusinessandthatofgrowersacrossNewZealand.JustonefruitflycouldruinmylivelihoodandchangethefaceofgrowingacrossNewZealand.Psa，thediseasethatattackskiwifruit，isalreadyhavingabadeffect.Thepotatoandtomatoindustriesareinvestingheavilytofightagainstanunpleasantbugcalledpsyllid.Whatthen？Forgetthefruitladenorchardsandabundantroadsidestallsthattouristsfindsocharming.ForgetthevastfieldsofsheepthatareasymbolofNewZealandforinternationalvisitors.ThediscoveryoftheQueenslandfruitflyinAucklandshowsthatrestructuringfor“efficiencies”hasfailedandisnowputtingtheprimaryindustryatgreatrisk.Waybackin1996，successive(连续的)fruitflydetectionsledtotheintroductionofbiosecurityXraysforpassengerbags.Inthepast16yearswedidn'tfindasinglefruitflyintraps.Lastyearthe12\nGovernmentabandonedits100percentbaggageXraypolicyandlastweekwefoundaQueenslandfruitflyinatrap.【语篇导读】　随着经济的发展与全球化，世界流动人口增加、频繁，从而带来这样那样的生活、健康等问题。1．Theunderlinedphrase“makeof”inParagraph1probablymeans“________”．A．understandB．affordC．developD．improve解析　词义猜测题。根据下文，在欧盟和亚洲，入境控制不是太严格，所以不知道这些国际旅客会对新西兰严格的入境控制有何理解。答案　A2．Whatinformationcanwegetfromthispassage?A．ThewriterisanativeofAustralia.B．QueenslandisaplaceinNewZealand.C．Strictbordercontrolsystemsarenecessary.D．MoretouristswillcometoNewZealand.解析　细节理解题。由第六、七两段可知，境外的食物、疾病和虫子对当地造成的危害，从而推断出严格的入境控制制度是必要的。答案　C3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．NewZealandisNo.1destinationfortravelers.B．NoplantshouldbecarriedonboardaplaneinAsia.C．NewZealand'sgrowinghasbeencompletelyruined.D．Aforeignfruitmaybeadisastertolocalgrowing.解析　细节理解题。由第五段可知，外来的水果有可能对当地的种植业带来灾难。答案　D4．Whatdoyouthinkofthewriterafterreadingthepassage?A．Heisselfish.B．Heisresponsible.C．Heishopeless.D．Heisboring.解析　推理判断题。作为果农，作者从生态的角度上看待严格的入境控制制度，推断出他应该是位有责任感的人。答案　B5．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthe100percentbaggageXraypolicybeingabandoned?A．Negative.B．Unconcerned.C．Curious.D．Supportive.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段，去年政府取消完全行李检查政策后，上周就发现了一只昆士兰果蝇，可以推断出作者对取消该政策持否定态度。答案　A12