【创新设计】（广东专用）2022高考英语 大二轮总复习测试 阅读理解专题 专题二 高瞻远瞩 锁定主旨大意类题目

专题二　高瞻远瞩——锁定主旨大意类题目　Ⅰ.体验高考Passage1体裁：记叙文　话题：感人故事　时间：7分钟(2022·广东卷，B)Itwasacoldwinterday.AwomandroveuptotheRainbowBridgetollbooth(收费站)．“I'mpayingformyself，andforthesixcarsbehindme，”shesaidwithasmile，handingoverseventickets.Oneafteranother，thenextsixdriversarrivingatthetollboothwereinformed，“Someladyupaheadalreadypaidyourfare.”Itturnedoutthatthewoman，NatalieSmith，hadreadsomethingonafriend'srefrigerator：“Practicerandomkindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty.”Thephraseimpressedhersomuchthatshecopieditdown.JudyForemanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays，shegaveupanddroveallthewaybacktocopyitdown.“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful，”shesaid，explainingwhyshe'dtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters，“likeamessagefromabove.”Herhusband，Frank，likedthephrasesomuchthatheputitupontheclassroomwallforhisstudents，oneofwhomwasthedaughterofAliceJohnson，alocalnewsreporter.Aliceputitinthenewspaper，admittingthatthoughshelikedit，shedidn'tknowwhereitcamefromorwhatitreallymeant.Twodayslater，AlicegotacallfromAnneHerbert，awomanlivinginMarin.ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper，afterturningitaroundinhermindfordays.“Here'stheidea，”Annesays.“Anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof，doitrandomly.”Herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofshabbyschools，leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown，andgivingmoneysecretlytoaproudoldlady.Annesays，“Kindness_can_build_on_itself_as_much_as_violence_can.”Theactsofrandomkindnessspread.Ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid，whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater.Likeallgreatevents，kindnessbeginsslowly，witheverysingleact.Letitbeyours!【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了“随意的善举是可以传播的”感人故事。1．WhydidNatalieSmithpayforthesixcarsbehindher?A．Sheknewthecardriverswell.B．Shewantedtoshowkindness.C．Shehopedtopleaseothers.D．Shehadseventickets.解析　事实细节题。第一段说NatalieSmith为其后面的六辆车交费，是她因看到的“Practicerandomkindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty”这句话给了她深刻印象，她是受这句话的启发，“想给他人施恩”，故选B。答案　B2．JudyForemancopieddownthephrasebecauseshe________.A．thoughtitwasbeautifullywritten12\nB．wantedtoknowwhatitreallymeantC．decidedtowriteitonawarehousewallD．wantedherhusbandtoputitupintheclassroom解析　事实细节题。由第三段第三句“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful，”shesaid，explainingwhyshe'dtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters可知，选A。答案　A3．Whocameupwiththephraseaccordingtothepassage?A．JudyForeman.B．NatalieSmith.C．AliceJohnson.D．AnneHerbert.解析　事实细节题。由第四段中的“ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper”可知，是AnneHerbert想出这句话来的。答案　D4．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceabove?A．Kindnessandviolencecanchangetheworld.B．Kindnessandviolencecanaffectone'sbehavior.C．Kindnessandviolencecanreproducethemselves.D．Kindnessandviolencecanshapeone'scharacter.解析　词义猜测题。本段中先是AnneHerbert解释她想出的那句话意为：你认为(生活中或世界上)应该多一些存在的事，那么你就随意去做这样的事。接着说她想象中的这类事包括“给破旧教室粉墙”“在穷人区的厨房里留下热饭”等善举。那么该段结尾的话“善举和暴力一样可以在它们自己的基础上建立起来”，可知“善举同暴力一样是可以自我繁衍的”，故选C。答案　C5．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstothoseinneed.B．Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytoofferittoothers.C．Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstostrangerstheymeet.D．Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytopayitbacktothegiver.解析　推理判断题。由最后一段的第一和第二句可以推知：受到恩惠的人很可能会施惠于他人，将恩惠传播下去。答案　BPassage2体裁：记叙文　话题：人物故事　时间：6分钟(2022·福建卷)ItwasMother'sDaymorninglastyearandIwasdoingshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfiveyearoldson，Tenyson.Aswewereleaving，wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete.Herhusbandwaswithher，buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.Walkingtowardsthescene，Tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple.Hesaidtome，“Mum，it'snotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone.”Atthefrontofthesupermarket，acharity(慈善)grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandflowerstoraisefunds.Tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower.“Itwillmakeherfeelbetter，”hesaid.Iwasamazedthathe'dcomeupwiththissweetidea.Sowewentoverto12\ntheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.“Justtakeit，”shereplied.“Ican'ttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture.”Bynowparamedics(急救人员)hadarrived，andwereattendingtotheinjuredwoman.Aswewalkeduptoher，mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment.Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothewoman'shusbandandtoldhim，“Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter.”Atthat，theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid，“Thankyousomuch，youhaveawonderfulson.HappyMother'sDaytoyou.”Themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower，tellingherwhoitwasfrom.Thoughbadlyhurtandshaken，theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了五岁小男孩Tenyson为了使摔倒的老太太开心，向花摊买花并送给老太太的动人故事。1．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Onecanneverbetoocareful.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Lovebeginswithalittlesmile.D．Asmallactofkindnessbringsagreatjoy.解析　推理判断题。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。由此可见一个小小的善举都可带来快乐。故选D项。答案　D2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．TheelderlywomanwasknockeddownbyTenyson.B．Tenyson'sideaofbuyingaflowergainedhismother'ssupport.C．Tenyson'scarefortheelderlywomanpuzzledtheflowerseller.D．TheelderlywomanwasmovedtotearsbyTenyson'sgesture.解析　事实细节题。根据第三段中sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.可知Tenyson的主意获得了他母亲的支持，故选B项。答案　B3．Theunderlinedword“intimidated”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．astonishedB．struckC．frightenedD．excited解析　词义猜测题。根据hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher可猜出“intimidated”意思是“害怕的”。故选C项。答案　C4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．FlowerPowerB．Mother'sDayC．AnAccidentalInjuryD．AnEmbarrassingMoment解析　主旨大意题。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。所以最好的题目应该是鲜花的力量，故选A项。答案　A12\nⅡ.仿真、模拟Passage1体裁：议论文　话题：如何减压　时间：6分钟Ourchildrenfeelstressedoutbyaneducationalsystemthatactuallyusesstressasaneducationaltechnique.It'saconstantpressureofhomeworkdeadlines，essaysandexams.Andourchildrenaretoldatayoungagethatfailingatestmeansthattheyarefailuresinlife.They'llendupnowhereiftheydon'tpassthisorthatexam.OureducationalsystemisbasedonaveryWesternideathatlifeisastruggleandyou'dbettermeasureup.It'ssurvivalofthefittest.Whilethereissometruthtothis，notasmuchaspeoplethink.Ourancestorsdidn'tdevelopaconstantstressenvironment.Backthen，stresscamequicklyandwasoverquickly，itwasn'tlikethestressofmoderneducation.Stresswasoriginallyjustashorttermbiologicalresponsetodanger；however，theconstantstressofmoderneducationrarelystops.It'slongterm，atleasttenyearsandusuallymore.Recentresearchhasshownthattheneurological(神经系统的)responsetostressisthesameresponsethatisfoundindepression.So，what'sthesolution?Anumberhavebeenproposed，includingbutnotlimitedtothefollowing.________.Exerciseconsumesenergythatwouldotherwisebuildupinthestressresponseandcouldcausephysicalandmentalproblems.Teachrelaxationexercises.Allowingthemindandbodytorelaxcutsoffthestressresponseandreducestheneurologicalfatigue，enablingtheindividualtorecoveratleastsomewhat.Payattentiontothinking.Trainingthestressedstudenttopayattentiontohisorherownmindtoapointwhereheorsheissufficientlyawaretoshutoffthestressresponsewhennecessary.Ofcourse，there'salogicalanswertotheproblem.Justrearrangeourteachingmethodstoencourage，ratherthanprevent，thenaturalcuriosityandjoyinlearningthatweareallbornwith.Thiswouldremovethestressandprobablycutlearningtimeinhalf.【语篇导读】　在现行教育制度下，孩子们的压力很大，已经不堪重负了。作为家长和老师，应该怎样有效的帮助孩子减压呢？1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Dealingwithstressinmoderneducation.B．Helpingchildrenliveahappylife.C．Gettingridofthemoderneducation.D．Takingmeasurestolearnatschool.解析　主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，讲述了现行教育制度下，如何帮助孩子摆脱压力。故选A项。答案　A2．Childrenfeelstressedbecause______.A．theydisliketheeducationaltechniqueB．theyhavenoabilitytofinishtheirhomeworkC．theyareconvincedhighgradesareimportantD．theysuffernumbersoffailuresintheirlife解析　细节理解题。依据文章第一段的ourchildrenaretoldatayoungagethatfailingatestmeansthattheyarefailuresin12\nlife可知，孩子们很小的时候就被告知考试失败意味着他们生活中也会失败。故选C项。答案　C3．Howdidourancestorstreateducation?A．Theythoughteducationwastheonlywaytosuccess.B．Theyfelteducationcouldbringshorttermstress.C．Theybelievededucationcouldbringthebestout.D．Theyknewtheimportanceofgoodeducation.解析　推理判断题。依据文章第二段的Backthen，stresscamequicklyandwasoverquickly可知，我们的祖先那时候，在教育方面压力来得快，也很快结束，是短期行为，故选B项。答案　B4．Whichofthefollowingisthebestfortheblank?A．Makesurethatkidsgetexercise.B．Quiteafewchildrenavoidexercise.C．Trytosaveenergyasmuchaspossible.D．Setafewlimitstoyourphysicalactivities.解析　推理判断题。运动消耗能量，否则这些能量引起压力反应，可能会导致身体和心理问题。因此让孩子们参加运动，这样可以减压。故选A项。答案　A5．Ifyouareateacherinahighschool______.A．youshouldrelaxyourselfasfaraspossibleB．youshouldignorethestressedstudentC．youshouldleavestudentsinagoodmoodD．youshouldsticktoyourteachingmethods解析　细节理解题。依据文章尾段可知，老师应该鼓励孩子们的好奇心，让孩子们在愉悦中学习。故选C项。答案　CPassage2体裁：说明文　话题：网络时代　时间：6分钟Thinkabouthowmanywaysthereareforyoutocommunicatetoday.Youcansendaletterorpickupthephoneandmakeacall.Buttoday，oneofthemostpopularwaystocommunicateiscalledinstantmessaging(IM)．Inanyinstantmessagingsystem，youtypealittletextmessageonyourcomputer，pressthe“Send”button，andyourmessageinstantlyshowsuponyourfriend'sscreen.Buthowdoesitwork?Actually，thewholeprocessisverycool.Inthe1980s，youcouldsitdownatacomputeratanybiguniversity.Upto100peoplewouldbeloggedinandsharethecomputerbecausethesecomputerswereveryexpensive.Youcouldtypeacommandtosendaninstantmessagetoanyoneloggedinthesamecomputer.Itfeltlikeeveryonewasconnectedtogethernomatterwheretheyweresitting.Today，youcancommunicatewithanyoneintheworld.Allyouneedisaninstantmessagingprograminstalledonyourcomputer.Therearemanyprogramstochoosefrom.AOL'sinstantmessengerisprobablythemostpopularrightnow.MSNhasone.GooglehasGoogleTalk.Whenyou'reready，youcreateanaccount.Next，youneedtofigureouttheIMnamesyourfriendsuse.AddtheirIMnamestoyourIMprogram.Clickonthefriendyouwanttotalktoandthentype12\naway.Whenyouclick“Send”，yourfriendgetsthemessageinstantly.Butbehindthescenes，amazingthingsarehappening.YourIMprogramiscommunicatingwithacomputer，calledaserver，whichcouldbejustdowntheroadoreveninsomeothercity.Allyourfriends'computersarecommunicatingwithaserver，too.Yourcomputerisconstantlychattingwithittomakeeverythinghappen.ThenetworkcalledtheInternetmakesitallpossible.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了目前网上最流行的交流方式——即时通信。1．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．DifferentWaysofCommunicationB．TheEasiestWaytoTalktoaFriendC．HowtoSendInstantMessagesD．DevelopmentofCommunication解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段的后两句及整篇文章的内容可知，该文介绍的是如何发送即时消息，所以选C项作标题最合适。答案　C2．Whydidsomanypeopleshareacomputerinthe1980s?A．Becausetheywantedtobeconnectedtoeachother.B．Becausefewpeoplecouldaffordtobuycomputers.C．Becausefewpeopleknewhowtousecomputers.D．Becausecomputersatthattimeweretoolarge.解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“Upto100peoplewouldbeloggedinandsharethecomputerbecausethesecomputerswereveryexpensive.”可知，一百多个人使用一台电脑是因为电脑太贵，很少有人买得起。答案　B3．Fromthepassagewecanseethat“GoogleTalk”______．A．isakindofsearchengineB．referstoacomputercompanyC．isafamouswebsiteD．isanIMprogram解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，要想进行即时聊天，你需要在电脑上装一个IM程序，并且有很多这样的程序供你选择，故GoogleTalk是一个IM程序。答案　D4．Theunderlined“it”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyrefersto“______”．A．aserverB．anIMprogramC．acomputerD．theInternet解析　代词指代题。根据上文中的“YourIMprogramiscommunicatingwithacomputer，calledaserver”以及“Allyourfriends'computersarecommunicatingwithaserver，too.”可知，此处的it指的就是前面提到的aserver。答案　APassage3体裁：记叙文　话题：慈善行为　时间：6分钟BasketballprofessionalTinaCharlesgrewupunderstandingtheimportanceofeducationandofgivingbacktoothers.WhentheWNBAstarandthe2022USOlympicWomen'sBasketballteam12\nathleteheardaboutthechancetofundaschoolinanAfricanvillage，shemadesuretotakepart.Charlesfirstcameacrosstheopportunitywhileshewasasophomoreincollege.Atthattime，shedidn'thavethefundstohelpout，butallofthatchangedwhenshewasdrafted(选派)totheWNBA.Withthehelpoftwocharitableorganizations—OmniPeaceandbuildOn—Charlesfundedtheentire32,000costoftheschool.Theschool，completedearlierthisspring，wasbuiltinthesmallvillageofGanaleinwesternAfrica.BeforeCharles'contribution，childrenlivinginthevillagewereschooledintinymudhuts.Thelackofproperlightingandofproperairflowmadeitdifficultforthestudentstolearn.Thenewschoolbuildingisnearly3,000squarefeetandcontainsthreelargeclassrooms.Itcanfitupto150studentsatatimeandisalsousedforadultliteracy(读写能力)classesintheevenings.Theschoolwillbeasourceoflearningforgenerationstocome.CharlesundertookthischaritableactwhileplayingprofessionalbasketballandpreparingfortheLondonOlympics.TheOlympicGamesbegintoday，July27，andCharleswillplayforateamthathaswonthegoldmedalinthelastfourOlympicGames.ThefirsttimeOlympiccompetitorconsidersherpositionintheteam，alongwith12fellowfemalebasketballplayers，a“testamenttohowhardsheworks”．WhetheritisrepresentinghercountryintheOlympicGamesorgivingbacktothecommunity，Charlesisalwaysworkinghard.“Onceyoureceive，youhavetogive，”shetoldthereporter.“IwantedtogiveothersthesameopportunitiesIhadgrowingup.”【语篇导读】　首次参加奥运会的美国女子职业篮球运动员蒂娜·查尔斯出资32000美元，为非洲的一个村子援建了一所学校。1．Charlesdidn'thelpwiththebuildingofaschoolthefirsttimeshecameacrosstheopportunitybecause______.A．shewasbusywithherstudiesB．shecouldn'tmakethedecisionC．shedidn'thaveenoughmoneyD．shewasbusyplayingbasketball解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在上大学期间，蒂娜就听说了为非洲援建学校的事情，但是，当时她没有钱来提供帮助。故答案为C。答案　C2．Theunderlinedword“testament”inParagraph6probablymeans“______”．A．proofB．guaranteeC．investigationD．devotion解析　词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，蒂娜认为自己在球队里的位置是对自己努力的一个证明。由此可推断画线词意为“证明”与proof同义。其他几个词代入原文均讲不通。答案　A3．Whatdothevillagersdointhenewschoolintheevening?A．WatchTVandmovies.B．Singanddancetohavefun.C．Learnhowtoreadandwrite.D．Helpchildrenwiththeirlessons.解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句的内容可知，成年人晚上到新学校来学识字。故答案为C。答案　C12\n4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AnOlympianLendsaHandB．AfricanChildren'sNewLifeC．ANewSchoolforAfricanChildrenD．TheWomanOlympicCompetitor解析　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了首次参加奥运会的美国女子篮球运动员蒂娜为非洲捐款建学校的故事，因此A项作为本文的标题最合适。答案　APassage4体裁：说明文　话题：文化背景　时间：6分钟(2022·天津市模拟)WaltDisneyAsoneofthemostfamousfilmproductioncompaniesinthehistoryofthebusiness，WaltDisneynowholds15.3percentoftheUSandCanadianmarketshare.WithhighlysuccessfulmovieslikePiratesoftheCaribbean，NationalTreasure，MeettheRobinsonsandEnchanted，there'snodoubtthatDisneywillcontinuetoplayakeyroleintheindustryforyearstocome.ParamountPicturesWith15.5percentoftheUSandCanadianmarketshare，ParamountPicturescontinuestobeoneofthemostsuccessfulfilmproductioncompaniesintheworld.StarTrek，WaroftheWorlds，Mission：Impossible，TransformersandTropicThunderarejustafewofthepopularfilmsproducedbyParamountPictures.20thCenturyFoxAlsoknownas“TwentiethCenturyFox”，thishighlysuccessfulmovieproductioncompanymakesup11.9percentoftheUSandCanadianmarketshare.SomeofthebiggestandmostsuccessfulmoviesfromthisempireincludetheXMenseries，MrandMrsSmithandFantasticFour.WarnerBros.PicturesIncludingabout19.7percentoftheUSandCanadianmarketshare，WarnerBros.Picturesisthebiggestplayerinthefilmindustry.OwningtherightstomajorfilmslikeHarryPotter，Superman，Batman，TheMatrixandStarWarshasmadeWarnerBros.PicturestheNo.1nameinthebusiness.UniversalStudios12．2percentoftheUSandCanadianmarketsharebelongstoUniversalStudios，whichcontinuestomakemillionsforthefilmindustry.WithmajorhitsliketheBourneseries，theAmericanPieseries，KnockedUp，AmericanGangsterandTheIncredibleHulk，it'sveryclearthatUniversalStudiosknowswhatittakestomakemoneyinthisindustry.ColumbiaPicturesMakingup12.9percentoftheUSandCanadianmarketshare，ColumbiaPicturesremainsabigplayerinthebusiness.Someofthiscompany'srecentsuccessesincludeCasinoRoyale，TheDaVinciCode，theSpiderManseriesandStepBrothers.【语篇导读】　本文介绍了一些电影公司的发展及成就。1．Thispassageismainlytotellus________.A．somebeautifulpicturesoftheUS12\nB．someAmericanpopularmoviesC．somefamousCanadiancompaniesD．somefilmproductioncompanies解析　主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们一些电影制作公司。浏览每段标题及大意便可知应选D项。答案　D2．WhichofthefollowingmovieproductioncompaniesisthemostsuccessfulintheUSandCanadianmarkets?A．UniversalStudios.B．ParamountPictures.C．ColumbiaPictures.D．WaltDisney.解析　细节理解题。比较选项中四家电影公司。分析数据可知B项的ParamountPictures公司在美国及加拿大市场占的比率为15.5%，高于其他三家，故选B项。答案　B3．WarnerBros.Picturesisveryfamousforitsfilmnamed________.A．PiratesoftheCaribbeanB．HarryPotterC．TheIncredibleHulkD．TropicThunder解析　细节理解题。根据第四部分可知答案为B项。答案　B4．Theunderlinedword“hits”inParagraph5refersto________.A．articlesB．novelsC．moviesD．struggles解析　词义猜测题。由第五部分可知，以上列举的都是受欢迎的电影的名字。答案　C5．WhichofthefollowingmovieproductioncompaniescoverstheleastmarketshareintheUSandCanada?A．20thCenturyFox.B．ColumbiaPictures.C．UniversalStudios.D．WarnerBros.Pictures.解析　细节理解题。比较选项中四家电影公司，分别找出它们在美国和加拿大市场所占的份额，可以得出占的最少的是20thCenturyFox只占11.9%。B、C、D三项则分别占了12.9%、12.2%和19.7%。故答案为A项。答案　APassage5体裁：议论文　话题：工作与生活　时间：8分钟(2022·山东省实验中学诊断性测试)Managersandofficebusybodiesmightbekeenonacleandesk－butitseemsthatintermsofproductivity，theycouldhaveitallwrong.Amessydeskcanactuallyleadpeopletowardsclearerthinking，sayresearchersfromGermany.Theresearchersfoundinaseriesoflinkedstudies—usingamessydeskandamessyshopfront－thatpeopleactuallythoughtmoreclearlywhenallaroundwaschaos，astheysoughttosimplify12\nthetasksathand.Thatis，visualandmentalclutter(杂乱)forceshumanbeingstofocusandthinkmoreclearly.Forinstance，famousthinkersandwriterssuchasAlbertEinsteinandRoaldDahlhavebeennotoriousfortheiruntidydesks.“Messydesksmaynotbeasdetrimentalastheyappeartobe，astheproblemsolvingapproachestheyseemtocausecanboostworkefficiencyorenhanceemployees'creativityinproblemsolving，”saytheauthors.Oddly，theeffectseemstoworkmostonconservatives—politicalliberalsarelessliabletobeworriedaboutmessinthefirstplace，saytheresearchers.“Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote‘cleandesk'policiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，forthepurposeofboostingworkefficiencyandproductivity，”writesaresearcher，JiaLiuoftheUniversityofGroningen.“Thispracticeisbasedontheconventionalwisdomthatadisorganizedandmessyenvironmentcanclutterone'smindandcomplicateone'sjudgments.”“However，notallevidencesupportsthisconventionallinkbetweenamessyenvironmentandamessymind.”Thescientiststestedpeople'sresponseinvarious“messy”environments，includingamessyshopfront，adisorganizeddesk，andevenaworkenvironmentwherealanguagetask“reminded”peopleofmessiness.Theauthorsfoundintheseriesofsixstudiesthatpeopletendedtowardssimplicityintheirthinking.“Theycategorizedproductsinasimplermanner，werewillingtopaymoreforaTshirtthatdepictsasimplelookingpicture，andsoughtlessvarietyintheirchoices，”saidtheresearchers.【语篇导读】　本文是议论文，论述了干净的办公室及工作环境对雇工有着积极的影响。1．Accordingtothetext，aproperwaytoleadpeopletowardsclearerthinkingisto________.A．makealistofprioritiesB．simplifythetasksathandC．followfamouspeopleD．messuptheirmind解析　细节理解题。由第二段可知答案。答案　B2．WhydidtheauthortakeAlbertEinsteinandRoaldDahlforexample?A．Totellreadersuntidydeskscanmakeyouasfamousascelebrities.B．Toconvincereadersthatuntidinessisnotallthatbad.C．Toinformreadersofonewaytosuccess－untidydesks.D．Toattractreadersandshowtheauthor'swiderangeofknowledge.解析　推理判断题。由AlbertEinsteinandRoaldDahl之前的句子．..visualandmentalclutter(杂乱)forceshumanbeingstofocusandthinkmoreclearly.和短语forinstance可知作者用这两个人来证明不整洁的办公桌可能有利于使思路清晰。答案　B3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Amessyenvironmentwillcertainlyleadtoamessymind.B．Acleanenvironmentwilldogreatharmtoworkefficiency.C．Peopletendtoclearupthemessbeforethinkingclearly.D．Allpeoplearenotinfavorof“cleandesk”intheoffice.解析　细节理解题。由第四段可知答案。12\n答案　D4．Theunderlinedword“detrimental”probablymeans________.A．disadvantageousB．usefulC．beneficialD．accessible解析　猜测词义题。由第三段“凌乱的办公桌也许并没有看起来的那么不利，它们所激发出的解决问题的方式可以提高工作效率，或者增强员工处理问题时的创造力”可推知词义。答案　A5．Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?A．Themessierthedesksare，themoreefficienttheemployeesare.B．Messydesksintheofficecanhaveapositiveeffectonemployees.C．Weshouldmakeourofficemessytoimproveourworkefficiency.D．Cleandeskscanboosttheemployees'productivityandcreativity.解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Amessydeskcanactuallyleadpeopletowardsclearerthinking...可知。答案　BPassage6体裁：记叙文　话题：公共服务　时间：7分钟Theworldoftaxidriversisdominatedbymen.ButthereisonesmalltaxicompanyinDelhi，whereallthedriversandpassengersarefemale.Women'ssafetyisahottopicinIndiaatthemoment，soit'sprovingaverypopularservice.“WhenI'montheroaddrivingourtaxiIfeelveryproud，becausethisisthefirsttaxiserviceonlyforwomen，”says31yearoldShantiSharma，whoisoneofeightfemaledriverswithataxiservicecalledCabsforWomenbyWomen.Thelastcoupleofmonths，sincetherapeandmurderinthecityofacollegestudenttravellingonabus，havebeenparticularlybusyforherandhercolleagues.“Afterthiscase，ourworkloadhasincreasedsomuch，”saysSharma.“Womenwhousedothercabservicesarealsoturningtousnow.”MostwomeninDelhisaytheyroutinelyfaceharassment(骚扰)，andworse，especiallyonpublictransport.Sharma，asingleparentwiththreedaughters，hasbeenworkingasataxidriversince2022，whentheservicewasfirstsetup，andithaschangedherlife.Thisisthefirsttimethatshehasearnedenough—about250amonth—tosupportherfamily.Ofcourse，sheandtheotherfemaletaxidriversarecompletelyoutnumberedbymalecabbies.“WhenIparksomewheretherearealwaysmenthereandinevitablyfiveorsixofthemgettogetherandhangout，”shesays.“I'musuallytheonlywomanintheparkinglot，soIjuststayinsidethecar.”It'snotmuchbetterwhensheisoutontheroad.Sharmasaysthemaledriversgiveherahardtime.“Assoonastheyseeawomanatthewheeltheystarthonking(按喇叭)fornoreason.They'lltrytoovertakeyou.I'malwaysworryingabouthowtoavoidgettinghitbysomeone.”ThecompanybehindCabsforWomenbyWomen，SakhaConsultingWings，hadanumberofgoalswhenitsetuptheservice.Itwantedtogivewomenfrompoorbackgroundsanopportunitytoearnmoney.Byputtingwomeninchargeoftechnologies，italsowantedtochangepeople's12\nattitudes，andopenupboundariesforwomen.【语篇导读】　德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的CabsforWomenbyWomen出租车业务。生意异常火爆。1．ThetaxiserviceCabsforWomenbyWomen______.A．isgreatlyneededatpresentinIndiaB．causesahotdebateinIndiaC．wassetupin2022D．isfreeofchargeforwomen解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“it'sprovingaverypopularservice”可知，这项女性出租车服务在现在有很大需求量。答案　A2．WhyarewomenwhousedothercabservicesturningtoCabsforWomenbyWomen?A．Becauseitischeap.B．Becauseitissafe.C．Becauseitisfamous.D．Becauseitisconvenient.解析　推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现在选择CabsforWomenbyWomen，是因为这种由妇女驾驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。答案　B3．WhatdoweknowaboutSharma?A．SheisthefirstfemaletaxidriverinDelhi.B．Shelivesinharmonywithherhusband.C．Shehasregrettedbecomingataxidriver.D．Shehasabettersalaryafterbecomingataxidriver.解析　细节理解题。根据第六段可知，从2022年Sharma成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊口。答案　D4．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．TheopportunitiesCabsforWomenbyWomenprovidesforwomen.B．ThemainpurposesofCabsforWomenbyWomen.C．People'sattitudestowardsCabsforWomenbyWomen.D．ThebackgroundinformationofCabsforWomenbyWomen.解析　段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“ThecompanybehindCabsforWomenbyWomen，SakhaConsultingWings，hadanumberofgoalswhenitsetuptheservice.”可知，本段主要讲开展CabsforWomenbyWomen出租车服务的目的。答案　B【长难句解读】原文　Sharma，asingleparentwiththreedaughters，hasbeenworkingasataxidriversince2022，whentheservicewasfirstsetup，andithaschangedherlife.译文　Sharma是一个独自抚养三个女儿的单亲母亲，自从2022年首次开展这项服务以来，她一直是一名出租车司机。这改变了她的生活。分析　and前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，asingleparentwiththreedaughters是Sharma的同位语。when引导一个定语从句，修饰2022。12