专题一第2课时高瞻远瞩-锁定主旨大意类题目题组一 体验真题Passage1体裁：说明文 话题：食品 词数：320 时间：7′(2022·安徽卷，E)Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning，andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural(农村的)andurbanareaswithinonecountry.Sharingbread，whetherduringaspecialoccasion(时刻)oratthefamilydinnertable，isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread，sothistraditionhitsitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates，piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity(兴旺)intheNewYear.InGreece，peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake，whichsignifies(预示)successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild，andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina，whenababyisonemonthold，familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred－coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures，roundfoodssuchasgrapes，bread，andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.Nutritionisnecessaryforlife，soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.【语篇解读】 该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。\n1.Accordingtothepassage，sharingbread________.A.indicatesalackoffoodB.canhelptodevelopunityC.isacustomuniquetoruralareasD.hasitsrootsinbirthdaycelebrations答案 B [考查细节理解。由第一段...canpromoteunityandtrust可知。]2.WhatdoesthecoininvasilopitasignifyforitsreceiverintheNewYear?A.Trust.B.Success.C.Health.D.Togetherness.答案 B [考查细节理解。由第三段signifies(预示)...successintheNewYear可知。]3.Theauthorexplainstheroleoffoodincelebrationsby________.A.usingexamplesB.makingcomparisonsC.analyzingcausesD.describingprocesses答案 A [考查推理判断。由第三段可知。]4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thecustomofsharingfood.B.Thespecificmeaningoffood.C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D.Theimportanceoffoodinculture.答案 D [考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。]Passage2体裁：说明文 话题：艺术 词数：360 时间：8′(2022·重庆卷，E)Thevaluesofartisticworks，accordingtoculturalrelativism(相对主义)，aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.Suchaview，however，failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitethehumanmindacrossculturesandthroughcenturies.HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls，asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries.Uniqueworksof\nthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart，eveniftheybeganasworksofpopularart.Theyhavesetthemselvesapartintheirtimelessappealandwillprobablybeenjoyedforcenturiesintothefuture.Ina1757essay，thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause“thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不变的)inhumannature，”thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.HeobservedthatHomerwasstilladmiredaftertwothousandyears.Worksofthistype，hebelieved，spoketodeepandunvaryingfeaturesofhumannatureandcouldcontinuetoexistovercenturies.Nowresearchersareapplyingscientificmethodstothestudyoftheuniversalityofart.Forexample，evolutionarypsychologyisbeingusedbyliteraryscholarstoexplainthelong－lastingthemesandplotdevicesinfiction.Thestructuresofmusicalpiecesarenowopentoexperimentalanalysisasneverbefore.Researchfindingsseemtoindicatethatthecreationbyagreatartistisaspermanentanachievementasthediscoverybyagreatscientist.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。5.Accordingtothepassage，whatdoweknowaboutculturalrelativism?A.Itintroducesdifferentculturalvalues.B.Itexplainsthehistoryofartisticworks.C.Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions.D.Itexcitesthehumanmindthroughouttheworld.答案 C [细节推断题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化是地方社会和经济状况的反应。故选择C。]6.InParagraph2，theartistsarementionedinordertoshowthat________.A.greatworksofartcangobeyondnationalboundariesB.historygivesartworksspecialappealtosetthemapartC.popularartsarehardlydistinguishablefromgreatartsD.greatartistsareskilledatcombiningvariouscultures答案 A [细节推断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故选择A。]\n7.AccordingtoHume，someworksofartcanexistforcenturiesbecause________.A.theyareresultsofscientificstudyB.theyestablishsomegeneralprinciplesofartC.theyarecreatedbytheworld'sgreatestartistsD.theyappealtounchangingfeaturesofhumannature答案 D [细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause“thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不变的)inhumannature，”thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.可知，选择D。]8.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.AreArtisticValuesUniversal?B.ArePopularArtsPermanent?C.IsHumanNatureUniform?D.IsCulturalRelativismScientific?答案 A [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，因此其价值也是共同的。]Passage3体裁：记叙文 话题：人物故事 词数：269 时间：5′(2022·新课标全国卷Ⅱ，A)ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia，myhusband，Rashid，stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay，hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers，includinghispassport(护照).Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere，lostandlonelyinastrangecity，thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.Lateintheevening，thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusband'snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthe\nfootpath.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments(文件).Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout，althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf－writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文，讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事，作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。9.WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshopping.B.Findahouse.C.Joinhisfamily.D.Takeavacation.答案 B [事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“...stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.”可知作者到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。]10.Thegirl'sparentsgotRashid'sphonenumberfrom________.A.afriendofhisfamilyB.aSydneypolicemanC.aletterinhispapersD.astrangerinSydney答案 C [事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Atlasttheyhadseenahalf－writtenletterinthepile...toafriend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的，故C项正确。]11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Showed.B.Sentout.C.Delivered.D.Gaveback.\n答案 D [词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家努力找到失主的联系方式并把重要文件物归原主。这个善举使作者一家不仅找回了文件，而且重新找回了对人的信任。故D项“归还”正确。A.展示；B.发送；C.递送。]12.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends.答案 C [主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱，被一个好心的家庭整理好物归原主，这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。]Passage4体裁：说明文 话题：动物与植物 词数：330 时间：6′(2022·上海卷，A)Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk，butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying，buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals，frombirdstochimpanzees，behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample，abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator(猎食动物)getsclosetoitsnest，theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe“hurt”adult，leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird，thescrubjay，buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater，unburythefood，andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead，theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout，theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.\nChimpanzees，orchimps，canalsobesneaky.Afterafight，thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand，too，thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways，too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove，suchasbananas，itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway，otherchimpsdon'thearthem，andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren，manyofuslearnthesaying“Youcan'tfoolMotherNature.”Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther，either.【语篇解读】 动物不会说话，但是它们会以其他方式说谎吗？它们会以其身体和行为表现说谎吗？动物专家认为很多动物，从鸟类到黑猩猩，有时候在行为上表现不诚实，用来欺骗其他动物。这样做常常可以帮助它们幸免于难。13.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby________.A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtobeinjured答案 D [细节理解题。由第二段第三、四、五句可知，鸻看到猎食动物靠近鸟巢，它假装翅膀受伤，猎食动物紧跟着它，离开幼鸟所在的巢。故选D项。]14.By“Chimpanzees，orchimps，canalsobesneaky”(Paragraph5)，theauthormeans________.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersD.chimpscanbeselfishtoo答案 B [推理判断题。由黑体字后面的内容可知，两只黑猩猩打架后，失败的那只会主动向获胜的那只握手言和，但动物专家曾经发现一只失败的黑猩猩握住获胜者的手后，又开始打起来。从而可推断出黑猩猩有时候是不诚实的，故选B。]15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?\nA.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.答案 A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第四、五句可知，一些聪明的黑猩猩有时候发现食物时小声叫，这样的话其他的黑猩猩听不见叫声，就不会过来和它们分享食物。]16.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?答案 A [主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，各种不同的动物在行为上表现不诚实各有各的原因。干扰项为C：动物是如何学会撒谎的？文章内容着重点在于动物撒谎的目的而不是学习撒谎的过程。故C项可以排除。正确答案为A。]Passage5体裁：议论文 话题：社会文化 词数：381 时间：7′(2022·湖北卷，B)London'snewestskyscraper(摩天大楼)iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres，itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However，noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardforLondon，Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire(尖顶).Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetallmasts(桅杆)oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop，thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty，buteventuallytherewillbeafive－starhotel.Therewillalso\nbetopqualityrestaurants，apartmentsandoffices.Beforebuildingworkbegan，alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughtheplanswereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.SomecriticssaythatsuchatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork，butnotinLondon.TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereisnodecoration，onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4，500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.Othercriticsdon'tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.ButthepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain，however，thatordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.【语篇解读】 文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼theShard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统文化的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富)分化。17.London'snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof________.A.itscostB.itssizeC.itsshapeD.itsheight答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段第四行到第五行Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：Shard.可知答案为B。]18.WhenhedesignedtheShard，Pianowanteditto___________.A.changeLondon'sskylineB.inheritLondon'straditionC.imitatetheEgyptianstyleD.attractpotentialvisitors答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句：Pianosaysthatthespireshape\noftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition可知答案为B。]19.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard________.A.isonlypreferredbytherichB.isintendedforwealthypeopleC.isfarawayfromthepoorareaD.ispopularonlywithLondoners答案 B [细节理解题。根据第五段第三句Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.可知答案为B。]20.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheShard：CheersandClapsB.TheShard：WorkofaGreatArchitectC.TheShard：NewSymbolofLondon?D.TheShard：AChangefortheBetter?答案 D [主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一个很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑，认为Shard造成了社会(贫富)分化。因此答案选D。]题组二 尝试模拟Passage1体裁：议论文 话题：城市化 词数：354 时间：6′(2022·山东六校高三一模，E)TheUnitedNationsiswarningthattheworldisnotpreparedtodealwiththefastgrowthofcities.TheWorldEconomicandSocialSurvey2022callsfornewwaystomeettheneedsofcitypopulations.Morethan6.5billionpeopleareexpectedtobelivingincitiesby2050.Mostnewcitydwellerswillbeindevelopingcountries.TheUnitedNationssaystheeffectonlimitedresourcesinmanycountrieswillbehuge.TheWorldEconomicandSocialSurveypointstotheincreasingdemandforenergy，water，sanitation，publicservices，educationandhealthcare.Theworldpopulationisexpectedtorisetomorethanninebillionby2050and，twothirdsofallpeopleareexpectedtoliveincities.TheUnitedNationssaysabout80percentofthisgrowingurbanpopulationwillbefoundinAfricaandAsia.\nThereportsayssustainabledevelopment(可持续发展)ofurbanareasrequirescoordinationandinvestmentstodealwithimportantissues，whichincludelanduse，foodsecurity，jobcreationandtransportation.WillemVanDerGeest，whoiswiththeUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs，sayscitiesneedtoworkcloselywithruralcommunitiessothatfoodsuppliescanbesecured，andtheenvironmentcanbeprotected.“Weneedenoughintegration(整合，融合)withcities...Anintegrationbetweentheruralandurbaneconomiesisabsolutelyvitalforissuesofnutrition，foodsecurity，andenvironmentalsustainability.”Thereportsaysdevelopmentinasustainablewayisimportanttoendpoverty.Thereportalsoexaminestheproblemoffoodinsecurity，whichaffectshundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Oneineightpeoplestillseverelylacknutrition.UNofficialssaysomethingsareclear.TheAssistantSecretary－GeneralforEconomicDevelopment，ShamshadAkhtar，saysworldfoodproductionwillhavetoincreaseby70%，thatincreasewillbeneededtofeedtheadditional2.3billionpeopleexpectedontheplanetbythemiddleofthecentury.Shesaysanimportantpartofmeetingthatneedistowastelessfood.“Therehastobeeffortstoreducefoodwastage.”Foodandnutritionsecurityarecoreelementsofthesustainabledevelopmentagenda.【语篇解读】 联合国发出警告说世界还没有为快速的城市化进程做好准备。2022年世界经济和社会调查报告要求我们需寻求新的方法来满足不断增长的城市人口的需要。1.Thesurveyincludesthefollowingstatementsexceptthat________.A.varietiesofdemandsarehardtomeetbecauseoftheincreasingpopulationinAfricaandAsiaB.onewaytoputanendtopovertyistobeabletodevelopforalongtimeC.transportationisanimportantissuetodealwithwhenitcomestosustainabledevelopmentofurbanareasD.hundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldareaffectedbytheproblemof\nfoodinsecurity答案 A [细节理解题。首先要注意题干中的except，即本题需考生找出调查报告不包括的内容。根据第七段中“Thereportsaysdevelopmentinasustainablewayisimportanttoendpoverty.”可排除B项；根据第四段的“transportation”可排除C项；根据第七段第二句“Thereportalsoexaminestheproblemoffoodinsecurity，whichaffectshundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.”可排除D项。]2.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.A.citiesgrowsofastthattheworldcan'tfindoutnewwaystodealwiththegrowingpopulationB.thegrowingcitydwellerswhomainlycomefromthedevelopingcountriesgreatlychallengelimitedresourcesintheworldC.sustainabledevelopmentofurbanareasrequirescoordinationandinvestmentstodealwithimportantissuesD.foodwastageisaneffectivewaytofeedtheadditional2.3billionpeoplebythemiddleofthecentury答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知答案为B项。A项表达的内容过于绝对，故被排除；第四段第一句为C项内容，不属于推断范畴，故被排除；根据倒数第二段可知解决食品短缺的方法是将粮食产量提高70%以满足到本世纪中叶增长的23亿人口的需要，而满足这一需要的一个重要部分是尽量减少对粮食的浪费，由此可见注意粮食浪费问题并不能完全解决食品短缺问题，故排除D项。]3.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheWorldEconomicandSocialSurvey2022B.CityPopulationWillIncreaseto9BillionC.CitiesNeedtoCooperatewithRuralAreasD.TheWorldIsNotPreparedtoDealwiththeFastGrowthofCities答案 D [主旨大意题。作者在第一段第一句提出了文章的主题，故答案为D项。其他选项均为文章中的其中一项内容，并不能概括文章主题，故全被排除。]4.Thepassageischosenfrom________.A.atextbookB.atravelguideC.anovelD.anewspaper\n答案 D [推理判断题。文章介绍了快速的城市化进程给我们带来了很多问题，属热点问题，旨在让人们对这一问题加以重视，由此可判断本文应出自报纸，而不是课本、旅游指南或小说。]Passage2体裁：议论文 话题：教育 词数：278 时间：5′(2022·北京西城一模，D)Today，wearetoldthatchildrendon'tspendenoughtimeinthefreshair.ManyofthemareaddictedtoascreeneitheronacomputeroraTV—theyseemtobelivinginavirtualworld.Theyhavelosttouchwithnature.Butnow400organizationsintheUK，fromplaygroupstotheNationalHealthService，areencouragingchildrentohavesome“wildtime”.Theywantkidstoswapatleast30minutesofwatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesfortimeplayingoutside.Activitiessuchasbuildingdens，climbingtrees，rummagingforconkersandplayinghideandseekarejustsomeofthethingskidscando.Eveniftheyliveinacity，theycangoonadventuresinthegardenorthepark.Childrenoftenneedahelpinghandfrommumanddad.Theyneedtobeshownwhattodoandwheretogo.AndySimpsonfromNationalHealthServicesays，“Wewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids'development，independenceandcreativity，bygivingwildtimeago.”Sodespitethecomplicatedworldthatyoungpeoplegrowupinnow，itseemsthatgoingbacktobasicsandexperiencing“nature'splayground”iswhatmodernchildrenneed.DavidBondfromProjectWildThingsays，“Weneedtomakemorespaceforwildtimeinchildren'sdailyroutine，freeingthisgenerationofkidstohavethesortofexperiencesthatmanyofustookforgranted”.Thismightsoundabitold－fashionedtoyouormaybe，likeme，it'smadeyouthinkaboutstickingonyourboots，gettingoutdoorsandrelivingyourchildhood.There'snoagelimitonenjoyingyourself!【语篇解读】 如今孩子们大都迷恋电视或电脑，而从事户外运动的时间越来越少，这使得他们失去了与大自然接触的机会。本文作者提出了鼓励孩子进行户外活动的建议。5.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Wildtimeforchildren\nB.BenefitsofwildtimeC.MorespaceforchildrenD.Adventuresforchildren答案 A [主旨大意题。文章开头提出现在的儿童迷恋电脑、电视而缺少足够的户外时间，然而在第二段提出“wildtime”这一概念，由此展开行文。由此可见文章的中心是关于wildtime的，A项最能体现文章中心，故为答案。]6.Childrenareencouragedtodothefollowingactivitiesexcept________.A.buildingdensB.climbingtreesC.playinghideandseekD.watchingTV答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段作者提出的一些活动可知D项不是作者鼓励要做的事。]7.AccordingtoAndySimpson，weknowthat________.A.wildtimeishardtodesignB.wildtimeisbeneficialforchildrenC.parentsknowtheimportanceofwildtimeD.parentslikekeepingtheirchildrenindoors答案 B [细节理解题。根据第三段AndySimpson所说“Wewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids'development，independenceandcreativity，bygivingwildtimeago.”可知户外活动对孩子们的成长有好处，故答案为B项。]8.What'sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Modernchildrenneedwildtime.B.Adultsvalueoutdooractivities.C.Thepresentworldiscomplicated.D.Thisgenerationofkidshavenofreedom.答案 A [主旨大意题。第四段开头指出“不管孩子现在成长的社会多么复杂，返璞归真以及感受大自然都是现代儿童所需要的”，然后作者又引用DavidBond的话来证明wildtime的必要性，由此可见A项最能体现本段的中心意思，故为答案。]Passage3体裁：议论文 话题：空气污染 词数：335 时间：6′\n(2022·北京东城高三一模，C)ThefourthroundofheavysmogthathitBeijinginfourweekshassentmorepeopletothehospitalwithrespiratory(呼吸的)illnessesandledtocallsforlawstocontrolthepollution.PanShiyi，arealestatedeveloper，saidheisplanningtopropose(提出)aCleanAirActtothelocalgovernment.AsarepresentativeoftheBeijingMunicipalPeople'sCongress，hestartedanonlinesurveyat9：20a.m.Withinthreehours，morethan25，000webusers，or99percentoftotalrespondents，welcomedhisproposalonSinaWeibo，China'sTwitter.TheyhavegoodreasonstostandalongsidePan.Thelatestroundofhaze(雾霾)reducedvisibilitytounder500metersinmanypartsofthecity.Thesmoghasalsoledtoagreatincreaseinrespiratoryillnesses，particularlyamongchildrenandtheelderly.Anxiousparentsanddoctorsalmostallblamethesmoggyairfortheillnesses.Thoughmostschoolchildrenarehomeforthewinterholidays，thebadaircaneasilymoveindoors.Besides，ordinarymedicalmasksfailtoprovideadequateprotection，sosomepeoplehaveturnedtogasmasksandrespirators(呼吸器).Thecausesofthescarysmogarerathermysterious，thoughexpertsblameexcessiveemissionsandthemountainsaroundBeijingthattrappollutioninwinter，unlessthereisadequatewindtoclearitaway.SomecriticshavepointedfingersatChina'stoptwooilfirms，ChinaNationalPetroleumCorpandChinaPetrochemicalCorporation，sayingthecompanies'outdatedproductiontechnologiesproducelargequantitiesofsubstandard，high－pollutinggasfuel.Meanwhile，concernedBeijingershavemovedtheirbrainstormingsessionstocyberspace.IfPan'sproposalforaCleanAirActisadopted，netizenssaythenewlawshouldincludeitemsprovidingfor“car－freedays”intimesofsmog，higherstandardsforvehiclefuel，stricterrestrictionsonindustrialandexhaustgasemissions，andmoreeffectiveprotectionforthepublic.Beijingisnottheonlycitythathaseverlostthebluesky.FivedaysofthickfogcausedthousandsofdeathsinBritaininDecember1952，urgingthegovernmenttopassthefirstCleanAirActin1956，whichintroducedsmokelesszonesandcleanerfuelstoreducepollution.ThatmayprovidesomeexperienceforBeijingtoreferto.\n【语篇解读】 北京持续的雾霾天气引发了公众对空气污染的关注，网民们纷纷呼吁政府制定《清洁空气法案》。9.WhydidPanShiyistartanonlinesurvey?A.Toinvestigatethepublic'sopinionsonpollution.B.Totellpeoplethedangerofthesmoggyweather.C.Tocallonmorepeopletosupporthisproposal.D.Tocollectsupportingevidencesforhisproposal.答案 D [推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，潘石屹发起网上调查，是因为他计划向地方政府提交《清洁空气法案》的提议(proposal)，首先排除A、B两项；再根据常识判断，网上发起投票调查，是为了收集提议受到支持的证据，使其更具说服力，故答案选D。]10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleareclearaboutthecausesofthesmoggyweather.B.Childrenstayingindoorswillnotgetrespiratoryillnesses.C.Smogisworseforpeoplewithlowerresistancetodiseases.D.Maskscangivepeopleprotectionagainstthesmoggyweather.答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知选C，雾霾导致呼吸性系统疾病的增长，尤其在老人和儿童中(抵抗力较弱的人群)。根据第四段第一句可知A项错误；根据第三段倒数第二句可知B项错误；根据第三段最后一句可知D项错误。]11.Britainismentionedinthelastparagraphto________.A.suggestBeijingshouldlearnfromothercountriesB.letpeopleknowmanyplaceshavethisproblemC.tellpeoplethesituationinBritainisworseD.callonthegovernmenttopassBritain'sCleanAirAct答案 A [推理判断题。根据全文最后一句可推断出，举例是建议北京向英国学习，早日制定《清洁空气法案》。]12.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheUseofGasMasksandRespiratorsB.BeijingersCallforaCleanAirActC.EffectiveProtectionforBlueSky\nD.TheMysteriousCausesoftheScarySmog答案 B [主旨大意题。文章介绍了北京持续出现的雾霾天气导致的严重危害以及网民们呼吁制定《清洁空气法案》，故B项符合文章主旨。]Passage4体裁：记叙文 话题：体育运动 词数：319 时间：6′(2022·河北四校高三联考)InOctober2022，IleftmyhometownandfamilyinVirginiaandmovedtoIowasoIcouldbecoachedbyLiangChow.I'dbeendreamingofanOlympicgoldmedalsinceIwaseight—butgradually，thatdreamseemedlikeamillionmilesaway.OnJanuary2，2022，whileMomwasvisitingmeinIowa，Itoldher，“Idon'tlikegymnasticsanymore.Iwanttotrydancing，orbecomeasinger.IcangetajobinVirginia.Ijustwanttocomehome.”Mom'seyesnarrowedandherexpressionturnedtostone.“You'rebreakingmyheart，Brie，”shesaid.“You'vebeendoinggymnasticsfortenyears，andnowyouwanttoquit?Haveyoulostyourmind？”Ihadn'tlostmymind，butIhadlostmyfire.It'sanentirelydifferentthingtopushtowardthatdreamwhenyoufeelalone.“I'mnottryingtobreakyourheart，Mom，”Isaid.“Ijustdon'twanttodoitanymore.”“Iknowyoumisshome.Butyou'vesignedacontractthatsaysyouwillrepresentyourcountrytothebestofyourability.You'vegotaresponsibilitytoyourteammates.Andnowyoujustwanttowalkaway?Iwillnotletyoubedishonorable.Ifyoudon'tlikegymnastics，thenattheveryleast，youwillfinishtheseason.”ThenextafternoonasIdraggedmyselfintoChow'sgym，IthoughtoftheeffortsMomhadmadeinordertopayformytraining.Ithoughtofmytwosisters：Arielle，whogaveupballroomdancing，andJoyelle，whostoppediceskatingsothatoursingleMomcouldaffordtokeepmeingymnastics.Fornow，here'swhatyouneedtoknow：Exactly210daysbeforeIeverattemptedmyfirstvault(跳跃)intheLondonSummerOlympics，myleapoffaithcamethisclosetoendinginacrashofdisaster.\n【语篇解读】 作者因为想家想要放弃体操训练，但母亲的鼓励以及姐姐们的付出让她最终选择了坚持，并继续追求自己的梦想。13.Theauthorwantedtogiveupgymnasticsbecause________.A.shethoughtshelovedmusicmoreB.shewasovercomewithhomesicknessC.anOlympicgoldwasbeyondherreachD.thetrainingfortheOlympicswastoohard答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ijustwanttocomehome.”，第四段的“It'sanentirelydifferentthingtopushtowardthatdreamwhenyoufeelalone.”和第六段的“Iknowyoumisshome.”可知，作者独在异乡，因太想家而产生了放弃的念头。]14.Howdidtheauthor'smotherfeelonhearingherwords?A.Heart-broken.B.Sympathetic.C.Helpless.D.Calm.答案 A [推理判断题。根据第三段的“You'rebreakingmyheart”可以看出，作者半途而废让母亲很伤心。]15.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor________.A.wasbornintoanathleticfamilyB.realizedherOlympicdreamC.changedhermindintheendD.hadabadchildhood答案 C [推理判断题。母亲的话让作者想起家人为她所做出的牺牲。文章最后一段“Exactly210daysbeforeIeverattemptedmyfirstvault(跳跃)intheLondonSummerOlympics”说明作者改变了最初的想法，选择了坚持。]16.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AdreamcometrueB.MyleapoffaithC.MymotherD.Aquitter答案 B [主旨大意题。作者最初想放弃体操，但最后选择了坚持。B项标题概括了文章的主旨并与文章最后一段的“myleapoffaithcamethisclosetoendinginacrashofdisaster”呼应。]\nPassage5体裁：夹叙夹议 话题：关爱老人 词数：310 时间：6′(2022·河南六校高三联考)Amangoingabroadtoworkleaveshisyoungladycrying.“Don'tworry，Iwillwritetoyoueveryday，”hesaid.Foryearshedidwritetoher.Butsincehewashappywithhisjob，hehadnoimmediateplansofgoinghome.Oneday，hereceivedaweddinginvitation.Hisgirlfriendwasscheduledtobemarried.Towhom?Tothemailmanbringingregularlythelettersofherboyfriend!Indeed，distancedoesmakeheartsstruggle.Whilepresentsareimportant，lovedemandswhatisbasic：presenceofthebeloved.Marthawasbusywithherjob.Shebelievedshehadtoworkharderbecauseshelovedherfatherwhohadseriousdisease.Shehadtoprovideforhisexpensivemedicine.Herbrothersandsistersmeanwhilestayedwiththeirfathermostofthetime.Theybathedhim，sangforhim，spoon－fedhimorsimplykepthimcompany.OnedayMarthawashurt.Sheoverheardherfathertellinghermother，“AllourchildrenlovemeexceptMartha.”“Howcanthisbe？”Marthathought.“AmInottheonekillingmyselfinmyworktohavemoneytobuyforhismedicine？MybrothersandsistersdonotevenprovidetheirshareintheexpensesasmuchasIdo.”Onenight，asMarthawasasusuallateingoinghome，shepeepedforthefirsttimeintheroomwhereherfatherwaslying.Shenoticedthatherfatherwasstillawake.Shedecidedtocomecloseathisbedside.Herfatherheldherhandsandsaid，“Imissyou.Idon'thavemuchtime.Staywithme.”Andshestayedwithherfatherholdinghishandthewholenight.ThenextmorningMarthasaidtoeveryone，“Ihavetakenaleaveofabsence.Iwouldliketobewithmyfather.Iwillbathehimandsingforhimfromnowon.”Herfatherhadabeautifulsmile.HeknewthistimeMarthalovedhim.Aschildren，weneedtheassuringpresenceofourlovedones.Adultpeopleneednoless.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Martha的父亲因病重需要昂贵的医药费，于是她努力赚更多的钱，但是她的父亲仍然希望她能够陪伴在身边。最终她决定放下工作全心照顾自己的父亲。文章以此来说明一个道理：陪在心爱的人身边比什么都重要。\n17.WhydidMarthaworksohard?A.Shelikedtoworkmorethanattendingherfather.B.Itwasherdutytoearnmoneyforthefamily.C.Herbrothersandsistershadnojobsandcouldgainnomoney.D.Shehadtoearnmoneytopayforherfather'smedicine.答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“Shebelievedshehadtoworkharderbecauseshelovedherfatherwhohadseriousdisease.Shehadtoprovideforhisexpensivemedicine.”可知，Martha工作如此努力的原因是她不得不赚钱来支付父亲昂贵的医药费。故选D。]18.Herfather'swords“AllourchildrenlovemeexceptMartha”showedthat________.A.herfatherthoughtnothingofmoneyB.herfathermorevaluedhisdaughter'spresenceC.herfatherunderstoodhisdaughterD.herfatherwastiredofhisdaughter答案 B [推理判断题。根据倒数第三段倒数第二句“Herfatherheldherhandsandsaid，‘Imissyou.Idon'thavemuchtime.Staywithme.’”可推知，Martha的父亲所说的话表明他更看重的是女儿陪伴在身边。故选B。]19.HowdidMarthawinherfather'sfavor?A.Shestayedwithherfatherandcomfortedhim.B.Sherefusedtogainmoneyandgaveupherjob.C.Shetriedtoearnaslittlemoneyaspossible.D.Shewouldreplaceherbrothersandsisters.答案 A [推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Andshestayedwithherfatherholdinghishandthewholenight.”并结合倒数第二段中的“Ihavetakenaleaveofabsence.Iwouldliketobewithfather.Iwillbathehimandsingforhimfromnowon.”可推知，Martha放下工作回到家陪伴父亲并安慰他，这样一来，她让父亲知道她也爱他。故选A。]20.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Distancecanstrengthenlove.\nB.Anyoneshouldlovefathermost.C.Companyismoreimportantthanpresents.D.Allchildrenmustaccompanytheirparents.答案 C [主旨大意题。根据第二段“Whilepresentsareimportant，lovedemandswhatisbasic：presenceofthebeloved.”，并结合全文内容可知，本文通过这个故事想要告诉读者的是：陪伴比礼物更重要。故选C。]
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