【创新设计】（全国通用）2023高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题一 第1课时 拨云见日-巧解事实细节类题目练习

专题一第1课时拨云见日-巧解事实细节类题目题组一　体验真题Passage1体裁：应用文　话题：语言学习　词数：289　时间：6′(2015·安徽卷，A)WelcometotheElectronicVillagetoexplorenewwaysoflanguageteachingandlearning.ElectronicVillageProgram(Thursday，June18，2015)Nearpod9：00amto10：00amRoom501Nearpodisasoftwareprogramthatcreatesarichcontext(语境)forstudentstolearnvocabulary.Thepresenterwillshowhowtouseit.TEO2：00pmto3：00pmRoom502Ourstudentscomefromdifferentbackgroundsbuthavethesamedesiretolearnon-line.Thepresenterwilluseexamplesfromhisfirston-lineclasstoexplainhowanyteachercanbeginteachingon-linewithTEO.Kahoot10：30amto11：30amRoom601Kahootsoftwarecanbeusedtocreategrammartestswhichcanbegradedonanetwork.Itcanprovidestudentswithinstantfeedback(反馈),includingreportsabouttheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Prezi3：30pmto4：20pmRoom602UsesofPreziinlisteningandspeakingcoursesdrawstudents'attentiontospeakingmorefluently.ThepresenterwillshowhowstudentscanusePrezitoconfidentlypresentonavarietyoftopics，includingintroducingfamily，friends，andhobbies.【\n语篇解读】　该篇文章是一篇广告。主要介绍了探索语言教学和学习的新方法。电子村提供了四种形式：Nearpod、Kahoot、TEO、Prezi供大家选择。1.Nearpodcanbeusedto________.A.offergrammartestsB.teachlisteningon-lineC.helpvocabularylearningD.gainfluencyinspeaking答案　C　[考查细节理解。由learnvocabulary可知。]2.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourspeakingskills，youcangoto________.A.Room501B.Room502C.Room601D.Room602答案　D　[考查细节理解。由drawstudents'attentiontospeakingmorefluently可知。]3.Whichofthefollowingcanassessyourgrammarlearning?A.Nearpod.B.Kahoot.C.TEO.D.Prezi.答案　B　[考查细节理解。由grammartests可知。]4.Ateacherwhowantstolearnon-lineteachingisexpectedtoarriveby________.A.9：00amB.10：30amC.2：00pmD.3：30pm答案　C　[考查细节理解。由beginteachingon－linewithTEO可知，TEO的嘉宾将使用例子来解释如何进行网络教学，时间是下午两点到三点。]Passage2体裁：科普文　话题：太空探索　词数：390　时间：7′(2015·湖北卷，D)Theoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmout，theyfloatfreeinzerogravity，oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I'maninsideguy，”MikeHopkinssays，whoreturnedfromasix－monthtourontheInternational\nSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”Onthestation，theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikefortheAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity，it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair，thecarbondioxideyouexhale(呼气)hasatendencytoformaninvisible(隐形的)cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon－dioxideheadache.LeroyChiao，54，anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights，describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat.“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupleofdays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts'brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear，andspacesicknessdisappears.Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance，astronautslosebonemass.That'swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome，and，moreimportantly，howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound－triptoMars.【语篇解读】　在太空中生活常常有奇奇怪怪的事情。睡姿、自行车无座无把、二氧化碳头疼等。5.Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?A.Decidingonapropersleepposition.B.Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.C.Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.D.Findingarighttimetogotosleep.\n答案　A　[细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，在睡觉时到底把手放在睡袋里还是睡袋外，即确定睡姿，选A。]6.Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon－dioxideheadachewhen________.A.theycirclearoundontheirbikesB.theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastopC.theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtimeD.theywatchamoviewhilepedaling答案　C　[细节理解题。第三段第五句stayinginoneplacetoolong可知，如果在同一个地方待太长时间，呼出二氧化碳，趋向在头上形成隐形的云，从而引起二氧化碳性头疼。可知选C。]7.Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause________.A.theirsensesstopworkingB.theyhavetostandupstraightC.theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedlyD.theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages答案　D　[细节理解题。由第四段可知，内耳认为你要倒下，而眼睛告诉你在直立。即：大脑接收到了恰恰相反的信息。选D。]8.OneofNASA'smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis______.A.howmuchexercisetheydoonthestationB.howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspaceC.whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghomeD.whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation答案　B　[细节理解题。由第五段提示词moreimportantly可知，人们主要关心的是在飞往火星来回两年半或更多时间如何保存体力和保持健康。因此选B。]Passage3体裁：说明文　话题：文化传承　词数：320　时间：6′(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，D)AsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguagesofEnglish，Chinese，Spanish，andArabic，otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact，halfofthe6，000～7，000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywilllikelydieoutbythenextcentury，accordingtotheUnitedNations\nEducational，Scientific，andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss，scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.MarkTurin，ascientistattheMacmillanCenter，YaleUniversity，whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas，isfollowinginthat__tradition.Hisrecentlypublishedbook，AGrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture，growsoutofhisexperienceliving，workingandraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.DocumentingtheThangmilanguageandcultureisjustastartingpointforTurin，whoseekstoincludeotherlanguagesandoraltraditionsacrosstheHimalayanreachesofIndia，Nepal，Bhutan，andChina.Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.AttheUniversityofCambridgeTurindiscoveredawealthofimportantmaterials—includingphotographs，films，taperecordings，andfieldnotes—whichhadremainedunstudiedandwerebadlyinneedofcareandprotection.Now，throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded—theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWorldOralLiteratureProject—Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments，foundinlibrariesandstoresaroundtheworld，availablenotjusttoscholarsbuttotheyoungergenerationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.ThankstodigitaltechnologyandthewidelyavailableInternet，Turinnotes，theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.【语篇解读】　本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。9.Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto________.A.promotegloballanguagesB.rescuedisappearinglanguagesC.searchforlanguagecommunitiesD.setuplanguageresearchorganizations答案　B　[事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Inanefforttoprevent...they\nreflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。]10.Whatdoes“thattradition”inParagraph3referto?A.Havingfullrecordsofthelanguages.B.Writingbooksonlanguageteaching.C.Tellingstoriesaboutlanguageusers.D.Livingwiththenativespeakers.答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Butheisnotcontent...withoutrecord.”可知“thattradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。]11.WhatisTurin'sbookbasedon?A.TheculturalstudiesinIndia.B.ThedocumentsavailableatYale.C.HislanguageresearchinBhutan.D.HispersonalexperienceinNepal.答案　D　[事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“...growsoutofhisexperienceliving，lookingandraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。]12.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTurin'swork?A.Write，sellanddonate.B.Record，repairandreward.C.Collect，protectandreconnect.D.Design，experimentandreport.答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generationsofcommunitiesfromwhom...collected”和“Turinnotestheendangeredlanguages...speechcommunities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保护和使再接合”，故选C。]Passage4体裁：应用文　话题：地铁指南　词数：262　时间：5′(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ，D)MetroPocketGuideMetrorail(地铁)Eachpassengerneedsafarecardtoenterandgoout.Uptotwochildrenunder\nagefivemaytravelfreewithapayingcustomer.Farecardmachinesareineverystation.Bringsmallbillsbecausetherearenochangemachinesinthestationsandfarecardmachinesonlyprovideupto$5inchange.GetonedayofunlimitedMetrorailrideswithaOneDayPass.BuyitfromafarecardmachineinMetrostations.Useitafter9：30a.m.untilclosingonweekdays，andalldayonweekendsandholidays.Hours__of__serviceOpen：5a.mMon.－Fri.　　7a.m.Sat.－Sun.Close：midnightSun.－Thurs.　3a.m.Fri.－Sat.nightsLasttraintimesvary.Toavoid(避免)missingthelasttrain，pleasecheckthelasttraintimespostedinstations.MetrobusWhenpayingwithexactchange，thefareis$1.35.WhenpayingwithaSmarTrip®card，thefareis$1.25.Fares__for__senior__/disabled__customersSeniorcitizens65andolderanddisabledcustomersmayrideforhalftheregularfare.OnMetrorailandMetrobus，useasenior/disabledfarecardorSmarTrip®card.Formoreinformationaboutbuyingsenior/disabledfarecards，SmarTrip®cardandpasses，pleasevisitMetroOpensDoors.comorcall202－637－7000and202－637－8000.SeniorcitizensanddisabledcustomerscangetfreeguideonhowtouseproperMetrobusandMetrorailservicesbycalling202－962－1100.Travel__tips(提示)·Avoidridingduringweekdayrushperiods—before9：30a.m.andbetween4and6p.m.·Ifyoulosesomethingonabusortrainorinastation，pleasecallLost&Foundat202－962－1195.【语篇解读】　本文题目为地铁袖珍指南。文中详细介绍了一些地铁站的信息。13.Whatshouldyouknowaboutfarecardmachines?\nA.Theystartsellingticketsat9：30a.m.B.Theyareconnectedtochangemachines.C.Theyofferspecialservicetotheelderly.D.Theymakechangefornomorethan$5.答案　D　[事实细节题。根据文章第二段“Therearenochangemachines...upto$5inchange”可知D项正确。]14.AtwhattimedoesMetrorailstopserviceonSaturday?A.AtmidnightB.At3a.m.C.At5a.m.D.At7p.m.答案　B　[事实细节题。根据“Hoursofservice”中的信息“Close：midnightSun—Thurs；3a.m.Fri－Sat.nights”可知周六凌晨三点地铁停止服务，故B项正确。]15.WhatisgoodaboutaSmarTripcard?A.Itisconvenientforoldpeople.B.Itsavesmoneyforitsusers.C.Itcanbeboughtatanytime.D.ItissoldontheInternet.答案　B　[事实细节题。根据“Metrobus”中“Whenpayingwithexact...thefareis$1.25”可知使用SmarTrip®card可以节省钱。故B项正确。]16.WhichnumbershouldyoucallifyoulosesomethingontheMetro?A.202－962－1195B.202－962－1100C.202－637－7000D.202－637－8000答案　A　[事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“Ifyoulosesomething...pleasecall...”可知A项正确。]Passage5体裁：记叙文　话题：语言学习　词数：271　时间：5′(2014·山东卷，E)Thekidsinthisvillageweardirty，raggedclothes.Theysleepbesidecowsandsheepinhutsmadeofsticksandmud.Theyhavenoschool.YettheyallcanchanttheEnglishalphabet，andsomecanmakewords.Thekeytotheirsuccess：20tabletcomputers(平板电脑)droppedoffintheirEthiopianvillageinFebruarybyaU.S.groupcalledOneLaptopPerChild.\nThegoalistofindoutwhetherkidsusingtoday'snewtechnologycanteachthemselvestoreadinplaceswherenoschoolsorteachersexist.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyresearchersanalyzingtheprojectdatasaythey'realreadyamazed.“WhatIthinkhasalreadyhappenedisthatthekidshavealreadylearnedmorethantheywouldhaveinoneyearofkindergarten，”saidMattKeller，whorunstheEthiopiaprogram.Thefastestlearner－andthefirsttoturnononeofthetablets－is8-year-oldKelbesaNegusse.Thedevice'scamerawasdisabledtosavememory，yetwithinweeksKelbesahadfiguredoutitsworkingsandmadethecamerawork.Hecalledhimselfalion，amarkerofaccomplishmentinEthiopia.Withhistablet，KelbasarearrangedthelettersHSROEintooneofthemanyEnglishanimalnamesheknows.Thenhespelledwordsonhisown.“Sevenmonthsagohedidn'tknowanyEnglish.That'sunbelievable，”saidKeller.Theprojectaimstogetkidstoastagecalled“deepreading，”wheretheycanreadtolearn.Itwon'tbeinAmharic，Ethiopia'sfirstlanguage，butinEnglish，whichiswidelyseenasthetickettohigherpayingjobs.【语篇解读】　本文为说明文，介绍用平板电脑帮助贫穷村庄的孩子用英语学习、阅读的项目计划。17.HowdoestheEthiopiaprogrambenefitthekidsinthevillage?A.Ittrainsteachersforthem.B.Itcontributestotheirself－study.C.Ithelpsraisetheirlivingstandards.D.Itprovidesfundsforbuildingschools.答案　B　[事实细节题。根据文章第三段“...teachthemselvestoread...”，“...thekidshavealreadylearnedmore...”可知答案。]18.WhatcanweinferfromKeller'swordsinParagraph3?A.Theyneedmoretimetoanalyzedata.B.Morechildrenareneededfortheresearch.C.Heisconfidentaboutthefutureoftheproject.D.Theresearchshouldbecarriedoutinkindergartens.\n答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“WhatIthinkhasalreadyhappenedisthat...”saidMattKeller，可以推断出答案。]19.ItamazedKellerthatwiththetabletKelbesacould________.A.learnEnglishwordsquicklyB.drawpicturesofanimalsC.writeletterstoresearchersD.makephonecallstohisfriends答案　A　[事实细节题。根据文章第四段“Thefastestlearner...”，“withinweeksKelbesahadfiguredout...”，以及第五段“Sevenmonthsagohedidn'tknowanyEnglish...”可知答案。]20.Whatistheaimoftheproject?A.ToofferEthiopianshigherpayingjobs.B.TomakeAmharicwidelyusedintheworld.C.TohelpEthiopiankidsreadtolearninEnglish.D.ToassistEthiopiansinlearningtheirfirstlanguage.答案　C　[主旨大意题。文章最后一段是对整篇文章的概述，也是这项计划的目的，故选C项。]题组二　尝试模拟Passage1体裁：说明文　话题：当今社会　词数：290　时间：5′(2015·东北三省四市高三一模)Inthepast，theywerelaughedatforbeingeggheads(书呆子)wearingglasseswithapassionforthepointless.Butnow，beingamemberoftheirgrouphasbecomeasourceofpride，withCollinsonlinedictionarynamingtheterm“geek”asUK's“WordoftheYear”onDecember16.“Geek”topsthelistfor2013becauseofits“positivemakeover”，aspokeswomanforCollinsDictionarytoldTheScotsmannewspaper.Thewordoriginallyappearedinthe19thcenturyasavariant(变形)of“geck”，meaning“asimpleton(傻瓜)”.“Inthe1980s，thewordstillhadanegativemeaning，referringtosomeonewhowasboringandsociallyawkward.However，fromthelate20thcentury，duetothe\nincreasingimportanceoftechnologyinsociety，thewordhascometomeanaclever，switched－onandcoolperson，”notedTheScotsman.InSeptember，thedictionarychangedthemaindefinitionof“geek”from“someonepreoccupiedwithcomputing”to“apersonwhoisveryknowledgeableandenthusiasticaboutaspecificsubject”.“‘Geek’isagreatexampleofawordthathasevolvedfromhavinganegativemeaningtohavingapositiveone.”IanBrookes，consultanteditortoCollinsDictionarytoldTheGuardian.“Thischangeinmeaningrepresentsapositivechangeinviewsofspecialistexpertise(专长；专业知识)，andisaresultoftheinfluenceoftechnologyonpeople'slives.”TheTelegraph'sJohnBinghambelievesthatthetransformationofthewordwashelpedalongbythesuccessoftheUSmovieTheSocialNetwork，aboutthecreationoftheUSwebsiteFacebook.“Commentatorssaidthefilmshowedthatithadbecomefashionabletobeageek”，Binghamwrote.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。戴着瓶底眼镜的书呆子们曾经被嘲笑为无用的“geek”，然而时代在变化，咸鱼也有翻身的一天！科林斯字典给了这个词一个全新的、积极的含义。1.Theunderlinedword“makeover”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.A.evolutionB.resultC.influenceD.response答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第二句“Butnow，beingamemberoftheirgrouphasbecomeasourceofpride，withCollinsonlinedictionarynamingtheterm‘geek’asUK's‘WordoftheYear’onDecember16.”和第三段“Thewordoriginallyappearedinthe19thcenturyasavariant(变形)of‘geck’，meaning‘asimpleton(傻瓜)’.”前后对比可知，此处makeover意为“华丽转身”，与倒数第二段的第一句“‘Geek’isagreatexampleofawordthathasevolvedfromhavinganegativemeaningtohavingapositiveone.”相呼应。evolution意为“进化”；result意为“结果”；influence意为“影响”；response意为“回应”。故选A项。]2.Whendidtheword“geek”begintohaveapositivemeaning?\nA.Inthe20thcentury.B.Fromthe1990s.C.Inthe1980s.D.Attheendof2013.答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Inthe1980s，thewordstillhadanegativemeaning...”和第二句“However，fromthelate20thcentury...thewordhascometomeanaclever，switched－onandcoolperson”对比可知，“geek”这个词实现意义上的华丽转身是在20世纪90年代。故选B项。]3.Accordingtothearticle，“geek”nowmainlyrefersto________.A.someonewhoisaddictedtocomputingandnewtechnologyB.someonewhoisboringandunfashionableC.someonewhoissmartbutawkwardinsocialsituationsD.someonewhoiswell－informedanddevotedtoacertainfield答案　D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“apersonwhoisveryknowledgeableandenthusiasticaboutaspecificsubject”可知，“geek”现在主要指那些博学的学者型人物。故选D项。]4.Whathelpedtotransformthemeaningof“geek”fromnegativetopositiveaccordingtothearticle?a.Theeffectoftechnology.b.Thenewsmedia'spromotion.c.TheinfluenceofCollinsDictionary.d.ThepopularityofTheSocialNetwork.A.a，bB.b.cC.a，dD.c，d答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“...bythesuccessoftheUSmovieTheSocialNetwork，aboutthecreationoftheUSwebsiteFacebook.”可知，“geek”词义的华丽转身来源于电影TheSocialNetwork的成功和技术的进步。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“isaresultoftheinfluenceoftechnologyonpeople'slives”可知，这是科技进步对人们生活影响的结果。故选C项。]Passage2体裁：应用文　话题：孩子教育　词数：300　时间：6′(2015·河南六市高三一模)DearGregory，\nMerryChristmas!YouarenowtheproudownerofaniPhone.Youareagoodandresponsible13-year-oldboyandyoudeservethisgift.Butwithyouracceptanceofthispresentcomesomerulesandregulations.Pleasereadthroughthefollowinglistofrules.Ihopethatyouunderstandthatitismyjobtoformyouintoawell-rounded，healthyyoungmanwhocancoexistwithtechnologywithoutbeingruledbyit.Failuretocomplywith(遵守)thefollowinglistwillresultintermination(终止)ofyouriPhoneownership.1.Itismyphone.Iboughtit.Ipayforit.Iamloaning(借)ittoyou.Aren'tIthegreatest?2.Ifitrings，answerit.Itisaphone.Sayhelloanduseyourmanners.Donoteverignoreaphonecallifthescreenreads“Mom”or“Dad”.3.Itdoesnotgotoschoolwithyou.Haveconversationswithyourfriendsinperson.That'sanimportantlifeskill.Buthalfdays，fieldtripsandafter－schoolactivitieswillrequirespecialconsideration.4.Ifitfallsintothetoilet，breaksuponthegroundordisappearsintothinair，youareresponsibleforthereplacementorrepaircosts.Mowlawns，takeupbabysittingorsaveupyourbirthdaymoney.Accidentswillhappen，soyoushouldbeprepared.5.Turnitoff，silenceitandputitawayinpublic—especiallyinarestaurant，atthemoviesorwhilespeakingwithanotherhumanbeing.Youarenotarudeperson.Donotallowyournewtoytochangethat.6.Livewithinyourexperiences.Theywillbestoredinyourmemoryforever.Don'ttaketoomanypicturesandvideos.Thereisnoneedtodocumenteverything.7.Learntolivewithoutit.Bebiggerandmorepowerfulthanyour“FOMO”—fearofmissingout.Leaveyourphoneathomesometimesandfeelsafeandsecureinthatdecision.Itisnotalive，norisitanextensionofyourbody.8.Keepyoureyesup.Seetheworldhappeningaroundyou.Stareoutawindow.Listentothebirds.Takeawalk.WonderwithoutGoogling.9.Ifyoumessup，Iwilltakeawayyourphone.Wewillsitdownandtalkaboutit.Wewillstartoveragain.YouandI，wearealwayslearning.Iamonyourside\nandweareinthistogether.Love，Mom【语篇解读】　本文是一封母亲写给孩子的信，主要讲述了母亲为了避免孩子成为手机控而与孩子之间的约法守则。5.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticleisto________.A.explaintoGregorythefunctionsofthenewmobilephoneB.showGregoryhowmuchthoughthasbeenputintothisgiftC.informGregoryofgoodmannershehastofollowinpublicD.makeadealwithGregoryontheuseofhisChristmasgift—iPhone答案　D　[写作意图题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Failuretocomplywith(遵守)thefollowinglistwillresultintermination(终止)ofyouriPhoneownership.”以及对第一段的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了母亲和孩子之间关于使用圣诞礼物iPhone手机的相关约定。故选D项。]6.IfGregoryloseshisiPhone，he________.A.willgetanewonefromhisparentsB.hastopayforanewonehimselfC.willneverreceivegiftsfromhisparentsD.mustlearntolivewithoutaphone答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文章第4条规定中的第一句“Ifitfallsintothetoilet，breaksuponthegroundordisappearsintothinair，youareresponsibleforthereplacementorrepaircosts.”可知，如果手机丢了，Gregory需要自己重新买个新的。故选B项。]7.WecanlearnfromthearticlethatGregory'sparents________.A.setrulesandregulationsineveryaspectofhislifeB.expecthimtodosomethinginreturnforthisgiftC.areworriedabouthismannersandcarelessnessD.don'twanthimtobeaddictedtoelectronicproducts答案　D　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句“Ihopethatyouunderstandthatitismyjobtoformyouintoawell－rounded，healthyyoungmanwhocancoexist\nwithtechnologywithoutbeingruledbyit.”可知，孩子的父母不想孩子成为手机控。故选D项。]8.Gregoryhastofollowtherulesbelowexceptthat________.A.besuretoanswerhisparents'callsB.keepthephoneinsilencewhenhe'satthecinemaC.recordhislifeasmuchaspossibleusingthephoneD.bringthephonewithhimonfieldtripswhennecessary答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第6条规定中的最后一句“Thereisnoneedtodocumenteverything.”可知，母亲要求孩子不需要将每件事情都用手机记录下来，C项与此条相悖。故选C项。]Passage3体裁：夹叙夹议　话题：社会热点　字数：295　时间：5′(2015·山东四市联考)“KEVIN，wearegettingadivorce，”saidmymother.Myheartplunged(急降).Iwas9yearsoldandIthoughtthatmylifewasgoingtofallapart.MysisterandIweregoingtomovewithmymothertoSouthernCalifornia.MydadwastoremaininNewJerseybecauseofwork.Myfamilywassplittingapart.Nowthatmymomisasingleparent，Idomyownlaundry，makedinneranddoextrachoresallaroundthehouse.Althoughtheworkwashardatfirst，Inowrecognizethepositiveeffectthatthisresponsibilityhadonme.MymothergavemethesechoresanddutiessothatIwouldlearntobecomeself-disciplinedandtrustworthy.Istrivetodisplaythesequalitiesinallaspectsofmylife，andhaveseenthebenefits.WhenIwasonly11yearsold，mycoachtoldmethathewasselectingmeassoccerteamcaptainbecauseofmydeterminationandabilitytogetmyteammatestopushthemselves.Welostthechampionship，butIwonthefairplayawardforkeepingmyteamtogether.IamalwaysdeterminedtobeanindividualandnotparticipateinanythingthatIfeeliswrong.Iam，forexample，extremelyproudofmydecisionnottodrinkalcohol.Personally，Idon'tfeeltheneedtodrinktohavefun，andIstandbymydecisionevenwhenotherstrytopressureme.Ithoughtmyparents'divorcewasgoingtobetheworstthingthateverhappened\ntome.Ironically(讽刺的是)，itturnedouttobethebest.Iwasn'twillingtoletitruinmylifewithoutputtingupafight，andneitherwasmyfamily.Mymomanddadbothfoundnewpartnersandhappilyremarried.Iamstillclosetomyfather，eventhoughhelives4，800kmaway.Atage9，Istruggledwiththeconfusionandpainofdivorce.Today，atage16，Iunderstandthatobstaclescanbringopportunityandsuccess，andthathardwork，determinationandself－disciplinecanturnyourworsttimeintoyourbesttime.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父母离婚给孩子带来负面影响是不可避免的，然而有时候这些负面影响反而会成就一个独立、自强的孩子。9.Whentheauthorfoundouthisparentsweregettingadivorce，________.A.hedidn'tfeelsurprisedattheirdecisionB.hewasworriedabouthowhislifewouldbeC.hetriedtotellhisparentsnottosplitupD.hewasrelievedthattheyweregoingtobeginanewlife答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Myheartplunged(急降).”和对本段的整体理解可知，作者当时对自己未来的生活很是担心。故选B项。]10.Theauthorwasselectedassoccerteamcaptainbecause________.A.hewasgiftedforplayingsoccerwellB.hehelpedhisteamwinthechampionshipC.hecouldinspirehisteamtotrytheirbestD.hewasanindividualandstoodbyhisdecision答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“...becauseofmydeterminationandabilitytogetmyteammatestopushthemselves.”可知，由于作者自身坚毅并能激励他人被选为队长。故选C项。]11.Bydescribinghisdecisionnottodrinkalcohol，theauthorwantstoshowthat________.A.hedoesn'tliketohavefunB.hedoesn'tlikeotherspressurizinghimC.hetriestobedifferentfromothers\nD.hestickstodecisionsthathethinksareright答案　D　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“IamalwaysdeterminedtobeanindividualandnotparticipateinanythingthatIfeeliswrong.”可知，作者坚持做自己认为对的事情，坚持不参与自己认为错的事情。由此可知，作者是一个很有原则且意志坚定的人。故选D项。]Passage4体裁：说明文　话题：食品卫生　词数：310　时间：6′(2015·海滨区高三第二次调研)Ifyouboughtsomecandymonthsagobutneverateit，howcanyoutellwhetheritisstillsafetoeat?Theeasiestwayistocheckthe“use-bydate”printedonthewrapper.Ifthatdatehasalreadypassed，you'relikelytothrowthecandyaway.Butisthatreallynecessary?AccordingtoanewreportfromtheUSNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC)，tonsoffoodiswastedeachyear，largelybecausepeopledon'tfullyunderstandwhatexpirationdates，or“use-bydates”，actuallymean.Fooddatingwasintroducedinthe1970sbecauseconsumerswantedmoreinformationaboutthethingsthattheywereeating.Whentheyfirstshowedup，use-bydateswereonlysupposedtoindicatefreshnessbecauseproducerswantedtheirproductstobetastedintheirbestconditions.Butthetruthisthatthesedatesaren'trelatedtotheriskoffoodpoisoningorfood-bornillness，accordingtoTimeNews.However，mostcustomersmisinterpreteduse-bydatesandrelatedthemtothesafetyofthefood，andtheystilllargelydonow.Eggs，forexample，canstillbeeatenthreetofiveweeksafterpurchaseeventhoughtheuse-bydateismuchearlier.Whentheiruse-bydatespass，strawberry－flavoreddrinksmaylosetheirredcolorandbiscuitsmaylosetheircrunch(松脆)，buttheyarenotharmful.“It'saconfusingsubject，thedifferencebetweenfoodqualityandfoodsafety，”saidJenaRoberts，vicepresidentofNationalFoodLab，aUSfoodtestingcompany.“EveninthefoodindustryIhavecolleagueswhogetconfused.”Thisiswhyscientistsarecallingforastandardexplanationtobeprinted\nfollowingtheuse-bydates.“Wewantthistobeclearlycommunicatedsoconsumersarenotmisunderstandingthedataandcontributingtoalotofwaste，”saidDanaGunders，astaffscientistwiththeNRDC.Butthiswon'tbeamistakethatiseasytocorrectsincepeoplehavebelieveditforsolong.Anotherproblemisthatthequalitylevelsofdifferentfoodschangedifferently—somearestillsafetoeatlongaftertheiruse－bydatewhileothersarenot.Asaresult，foodindustryofficialsarenowthinkingofchangingtheuse－bydatetoadateindicatingwhenfoodismostlikelytogobad.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对保质期的误解。人们通常会把过了保质期的食物理解为不能食用，而把它们扔掉，这造成了很大的浪费。其实，许多过了保质期的食物还是可以食用的。12.Theuse-bydatewasfirstintendedto________.A.tellthefreshnessoffoodB.showthesafetyoffoodC.giveawarningoffoodpoisoningD.indicatetherelationbetweenfoodandillness答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Whentheyfirstshowedup，use－bydateswereonlysupposedtoindicatefreshness...”可知，最初引入保质期是为了显示食物是否新鲜。故选A。]13.Theunderlinedword“misinterpreted”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A.madeguessesaboutB.formedawrongideaaboutC.madewronguseofD.tooknonoticeof答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Butthetruthisthatthesedatesaren'trelatedtotheriskoffoodpoisoningorfood－bornillness，accordingtoTimeNews.”和第五段的例子可知，事实上保质期和食物中毒或者食源性病毒的风险无关。然而，大多数消费者根据保质期的提示都会把过了保质期的食物扔掉，其实，有的食物虽然过了保质期，但还可以食用。由此推知，消费者对保质期存在误解。所以\nmisinterpret意为“误解，曲解”。故选B。]14.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Mostcustomersunderstandwhatuse－bydatesmean.B.“Use-bydates”haveexistedformorethan50years.C.Biscuitscan'tbeeatenwhennotascrunchyastheyarebought.D.Evenaftertheiruse－bydatespass，somefoodsarestillsafetoeat.答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Eggs，forexample，canstillbeeatenthreetofiveweeksafterpurchaseeventhoughtheuse-bydateismuchearlier.”可知，鸡蛋在购买三到五个星期后仍然可以食用，尽管保质期早得多。这说明有些食物虽然过了保质期，但是仍然还是可以食用的。故选D。]15.Scientistsarecallingforastandardexplanationtobeprintedtogetherwiththeuse-bydatesbecause________.A.use-bydatesarenothelpfulorreliableB.moreconsumersgetworriedaboutfoodsafetyC.mostconsumersoftenmisunderstanduse-bydatesD.thequalitylevelofdifferentfoodschangesdifferently答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第七段第二句“Wewantthistobeclearlycommunicatedsoconsumersarenotmisunderstandingthedataandcontributingtoalotofwaste”可知，科学家们需要一个标准的解释以消除消费者对保质期的误解。可见，消费者总是误解保质期。故选C。根据第四段第二句和第六段第二句也可得出答案。]Passage5体裁：夹叙夹议　话题：善意换来善意　词数：294　时间：5′(2015·临沂高三教学质检，B)MydaughterandIcollectedtheemptycansandbottlesinourhomethismorning.Wehad6fullgarbagebagssoIknewwewouldbespendingabitmoreoftimeattherecyclingcenter.Whenwegotthere，amanandhiskidswerealsodoingthemorningrecyclingandwereusingtwoofthefourmachinestorecycletheirplasticandcans.Luckily，wewereabletousethe2remainingmachines.Ofcourse，therewereothersthatcame，butwhentheysawthetwofamilieswithgarbagebagsfullofrecycledthings，theyquicklyleft.However，onewomancamein\nwithjust5cansandlookedasifshewasinahurry.SoIstoppedwhatIwasdoingandletherintorecyclehercans.Ofcourse，shewasgrateful，anditfeltgoodtolethergoaheadofme.Butthatwasnotthewholestory.MydaughterandIcontinuedtoworkthroughthebags，buttheplasticrecyclingmachinestoppedworkingbecauseitwasfull.Mydaughterwasleftwithnothingtodo.Theotherfamilywasstillusingtheothertwoplasticrecyclingmachines，butitseemedthattheywerealmostdone.Ijusttoldmydaughterwewouldhavetowaituntiltheyweredone.Butthemanoftheotherfamilycamethroughwithanotheractofkindness.Heofferedtoletusgoaheadofhim.Iwasreallysurprised，becausewehadmorethan5bottles，buthedidn'tseemtomind.Ihappilyacceptedit.Itwasgreattogiveandthentogetanactofkindnessinturn.Ididn'texpectit，butitsurelybrightenedupmyday.【语篇解读】　一位妇女有急事，所以作者帮助了她，后来作者遇到了困难，别人又给予及时的帮助，这正说明了一个道理：相互帮助，善有善报。16.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphl?A.Thewriterdidcollectingeverymorning.B.Thewriterusuallyhad6bagsofcanstorecycle.C.Therewerefourrecyclingmachinesinall.D.Mostpeopledidrecyclinginthemorning.答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“amanandhiskidswerealsodoingthemorningrecyclingandwereusingtwoofthefourmachinestorecycletheirplasticandcans”可知，共有四台回收机器。]17.Whydidthewriterletthewomanrecyclehercansfirst?A.Becausethereweremanyotherfamiliesthere.B.Becausethewomanseemedtobeinahurry.C.Becausethewriterwantedtohearastory.D.Becausethewomanwasverygrateful.答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，onewomancameinwithjust5cansandlookedasifshewasinahurry.”可知，是因为她匆忙有事情。]18.Whycouldn'tthewriterfinishherrecyclingintime?\nA.Becauseherdaughter'smachinestoppedworking.B.Becausetheotherfamilywasstillusingthemachines.C.Becauseshelettheotherfamilyusehermachinefirst.D.Becauseshehelpedrecycletheotherfamily'sbagsfirst.答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“MydaughterandIcontinuedtoworkthroughthebags，buttheplasticrecyclingmachinestoppedworkingbecauseitwasfull.”可知，机器出了故障。]19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.Thekindness.B.Theoffer.C.Themachine.D.The5bottles.答案　B　[细节理解题。根据上文中的“Heofferedtoletusgoaheadofhim.”可知，此处代词it指他所提供的帮助。]