2023高考英语二轮创新复习专题一第三节主旨大意题练习含解析202303101240

专题一第三节主旨大意题A(2020·宜春5月模拟)StrangeiceringsinSiberia'sLakeBaikalhavepuzzledscientistsfordecades，butnowthemysteryapparentlyhasbeensolved.Theanswer:theringsarecausedbywarm，circularcurrentsofwaterundertheice，callededdies(漩涡)．Theeddies'strongcurrentsmelttheiceattheedge，butweakeroneskeepthecenterfrozen.“Resultsofourfieldsurveysshowthattherearewarmeddiesthatcirculateinaclockwise(顺时针的)directionundertheicecover，”saidAlexeiKouraev，ahydrologistattheUniversityofToulouse，inaNASAstatement.“Intheeddycenter，theicedoesnotmelt—eventhoughthewateriswarm—becausethecurrentsareweak，”hesaid.“Butontheeddyboundary，thecurrentsarestronger，andwarmerwaterleadstorapidmelting.”Duringfieldwork，Kouraevandhiscolleaguesdrilledholesneariceringsandsetsensorscapableofmeasuringthetemperatureandsalinity(盐浓度)ofthewatertoadepthof700feet.Theyfoundthatthewaterintheeddieswas2to4warmerthanthesurroundingwater.MostoftheringsappearinMarchorAprilandhaveawidthofabout3to4miles—toobigtorecognizefromthegroundbuteasilyseenfromsatellitesabove.Someringswereephemeralwhileotherslastedforweeksorevenmonths.LakeBaikalistheworld'slargestanddeepestfreshwaterlake，accordingtoGizmodo.It'shometomanyvarietiesoffishnotseenanywhereelseintheworld，andevenapopulationoffreshwaterseals.ResearchersarestillinvestigatingwhatcausesBaikal'seddiesbutthinkit'slikelybecauseofwindpatterns，riversthatflowintothelakeandtheshapeofthelake'scoastlineandbottom.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。西伯利亚贝加尔湖多年的冰环之谜终于被解开了，答案就在于冰面下方的暖流漩涡；科学家们对漩涡的成因也有了初步判断，正在进一步的探索中。1．Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“ephemeral”inParagraph4?A．Steady.　　　　　　B．Current.C．Fundamental.D．Temporary.解析：词义猜测题。第四段该句中，while表示对比，ephemeral与lastedforweeksorevenmonths“持久的”意义相反，是“暂时的”；B项意为“现在的、目前的”，与“过去的(past)”和“将来的(future)”意义相对，所以不对。A、C则与while后文意义不能形成对比。答案：D2．Whyistheiceinthecenteroficeringsfrozenwhilethatattheedgeismelted?A．Becausethecenteroficeringsis2to4warmerthantheedge.B．Becausethecurrentsinthecenterarelesspowerful.C．Becauseitistoowidetoberecognizedorincited.D．Becausewaterinthecentercirculatesinaclockwisedirection.解析：细节理解题。考查因果关系。从第二段第三句“Intheeddycenter，theicedoesnotmelt—eventhoughthewateriswarm—becausethecurrentsareweak”可知B项正确，因为暖流不够急促，所以造成只有冰的边缘才能溶解的现象；A项偷换概念，从第三段最后一句可知漩涡水温高于周边水温，不是冰环中心与边缘温差的比较，更不是题干原因；C项同样表述有误，从第四段第一句可知其讲述的是mostoftherings，不是theiceinthecenter\noficerings，而且答非所问；D项表述不准确，从第二段第二句可知，waterinthecenter应改为warmeddies，并且不是冰环中心保持冻结的原因。答案：B3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLakeBaikal'seddiesisTRUE?A．Theyarecausedbyhotandcircularcurrentsundertheice.B．TheiceinthecenterofLakeBaikal'seddiesmeltsfasterthanthatoftheedge.C．Researchersareuncertainabouttheexactreasonoftheeddies'existence.D．LakeBaikal'seddiescanonlybemeasuredatthedepthof700feet.解析：细节理解题。从文章最后一段可知C项正确。从最后一段第一句“ResearchersarestillinvestigatingwhatcausesBaikal'seddies...”可知Baikal'seddies的成因尚不明确，故A项错误，根据第一段第二句，A项可改为“theringsarecausedbywarm，circularcurrents...”；根据第二段第一句可知B项表述错误；根据第三段“Kouraevandhiscolleagues...setsensorscapableofmeasuringthetemperatureandsalinityofthewatertoadepthof700feet”可知D项偷换概念。答案：C4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．What'sCausingtheGiantIceRingsinSiberia?B．TheMysteryoftheEddiesintheLakeBaikalwasUncovered.C．TheLargestandDeepestFreshwaterLake—LakeBaikal.D．WhyDoestheEdgeofanIceRingMeltFaster?解析：标题归纳题。此文主要介绍了西伯利亚贝加尔湖多年的冰环之谜的答案在于冰面下方的暖流漩涡，所以选A。解答漩涡之谜，并非本文重点，只在最后提及而已，B项表述有误；C项的范围太大；D项范围缩小，不足以概括文章。答案：AB(2020·河南九师联盟5月联考)Ithasbecomeahabitformanyofus.Whenyou'retiredofonlineshopping，youheadtothebathroomtodoyourbestmakeupfortheperfectselfies(自拍)forFacebook，Instagram，Snapchatoralloftheabove.Whenyou'reready，youholdupyourphoneand，inaninstant，snap(拍照)．Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhat'sbehindyourburningdesiretoselfdocument？Mostpeoplewouldsaythatthisisawaytoexpressthemselvesandperhapsmakethembecomemoreconfidentofthemselves.Butthemomentyouuploadthatpicture，it'snolongeryourstojudge.Instead，youpassonthatpowertotheonlineworld.Whileyoumaythinkthatyourgrowingcollectionofselfiesattractspeople，quitetheoppositemaybetrue.Arecentstudywasconductedonatotalof238peopleinAustria，GermanyandSwitzerland.77%ofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtoregularlytakingselfies.Interestingly，82%ofpeoplesaidthattheywouldratherseefewerselfiesonsocialmedia.Inotherwords，weliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople'sselfiesonline.Thisresearchfindsthatthereisabigdifferencebetweenhowweseeourownselfiesandhowwejudgeotherpeople'spictures.Itsuggeststhatwearecomfortablewiththeselfieswepostsincewebelievetheyareobviouslynotseriousorvain，butwethinkeveryoneelseisanegoist(自我主义者)fordoingtheverysamething.Afterall，weareabletoseparateourownselfiesfromtheseaofthemonlineandnaturallythinkthatoursaretheonlyauthenticones.So，thenexttimeyoureachforyourphoneandtakeaselfiepicture，considerthis:Thepeoplearoundyoumaynotneedanothercarefullyplannedsnapofyourface.Instead，youmightbebetteroff，givingitabreakandcallingofftheselfiephototoday.Whileyou'reatit，makesureyouneverpostthesepicturesonsocialmediaeither.\n[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。现在我们都喜欢自拍，然后发到社交网站上，并且我们认为自己的自拍照会吸引别人。一项研究发现，我们喜欢在社交网站看自己的自拍照，却不喜欢看别人的自拍照，并且认为他人的自拍照不真实。这个有趣的结论告诉我们，即使我们喜欢自拍，也不要随意将自拍照放到网上。5．Whatismostpeople'sideaontakingtheirownselfiesaccordingtothetext?A．It'sagoodwaytokeepothersinformedoftheirlife.B．Itcostslessmoneythanshoppingonlineformakeup.C．It'sawayofselfexpressionandbuildingconfidence.D．Itcanhelpthemkeeparecordoftheirdailyroutines.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhat'sbehindyourburningdesiretoselfdocument？Mostpeoplewouldsaythatthisisawaytoexpressthemselvesandperhapsmakethembecomemoreconfidentofthemselves.”可知，大部分人认为拍自拍照是一种表达自我和建立自信的方式。答案：C6．Howdootherpeoplefeelaboutouronlineselfiesthatweconsiderattractive?A．Theyactuallytakegreatinterestinthem.B．Theyenvyourlifeafterappreciatingthem.C．Theyarelikelyunwillingtoseethemonline.D．Theyhardlymakeannoyingreviewsonthem.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Whileyoumaythinkthatyourgrowingcollectionofselfiesattractspeople，quitetheoppositemaybetrue.”及“Interestingly，82%ofpeoplesaidthattheywouldratherseefewerselfiesonsocialmedia.Inotherwords，weliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople'sselfiesonline.”可推断，别人可能不愿意在网上看到我们自认为具有吸引力的自拍照。答案：C7．Whydoweregardothersasegoistsfortakingselfies?A．Theyarenotseriousbutvaininnature.B．Wedon'tthinktheirselfiesareauthentic.C．Wearetooproudtoacknowledgeothers.D．Theyhategettingtheirselfiespolished.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“...butwethinkeveryoneelseisanegoistfordoingtheverysamething.Afterall，weareabletoseparateourownselfiesfromtheseaofthemonlineandnaturallythinkthatoursaretheonlyauthenticones.”可推断，我们把其他拍自拍照的人看作自我主义者是因为我们认为他们的自拍照不真实。答案：B8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Approachestoresistingtakingselfies.B．Concernsoverpostingselfiesonline.C．Doubtsaboutcontradictorythoughts.D．Suggestionsondealingwithselfies.解析：段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，最后一段主要是关于如何处理自拍的建议；尽量少自拍；如果自拍了，尽量不要上传到网上。答案：D