【志鸿优化设计】2022高考英语（安徽专用）二轮总复习 专题训练 专题十六 主旨大意（含解析）

专题十六　主旨大意A(2022·郑州第二次质量预测)It’swonderfultogotoanothercountry,completeavolunteerprojectandfeelthatyoureallyhaveapositiveinfluence.Buthowcanyoubecomeaninternationalvolunteer?*Planpractically.Contacttheorganizationafewmonthsbeforeleavingandfindoutiftherearematerialswhicharerareandhardtoattainfortheproject.Whatyouoftenconsiderplentifulhere,suchasnailsorhammers,isingreatneedinotherpartsoftheworld.*Dotheprojecttogether,notonyourown.Youareaguestinthecommunity.Themostsuccessfulresultisnotthatyoubuildsomethingandwalkaway,butthatyouandthecommunitybuildsomethingasateam.Shareskillsandbuildtogether.*Beflexible.Noteverythingisgoingtohappenasplanned.Oftenthecountrydoesn’thavetherighttools,manpower,transportationorfundstogetalltheneededworkdone.Inaword,itlacksinfrastructure(基础设施).*Connectwiththepeopleinthecommunity.Oftenyouwillhave“downtime”outsideoftherangeoftheproject.Ratherthanretreattothegroupwithwhomyoutraveled,besuretospendtimewiththepeopleofthecommunity.Listentothethingsabouttheirlives.Ifyoucan’tspeakthelanguage,smilesworkwonders.Andyouwillbesurprised—youwillfindawaytocommunicate!Volunteeringisaspecialandlife-changingexperienceforeveryoneinvolved.Bepreparedthatthepersonwhomaybechangedmostisyou.It’sajoyful,oftencarefulexperiencewhichwillencourageyoutoviewyourself,yourneighborsandyourworldquitedifferently.1.Whenyouvolunteertojoininaproject,youareadvisedto　　　. A.buildsomethingandwalkawayB.makegoodpreparationsinadvanceC.avoidinvolvinglocalsinactivitiesD.dependonyourselftosolveproblems2.Accordingtotheauthor,volunteeringwill　　　. A.reducechallengesintheworldB.determinethefutureofavolunteerC.changeaperson’sopinionoftheworldD.benefitvolunteersmostintheirlearning3.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Whatyoupreparetobecomeavolunteer.B.Wherevolunteersareneededmostintheworld.C.Whyvolunteeringispopularwithyoungpeople.D.Howvolunteersdeveloparelationshipwithlocalpeople.B(2022·东北三校第一次联考)Welcometotheworldofmultitasking—aplacewherethemeasureofapersonishowmanyjobstheycanperformatthesametime.Infact,ifexpertsaretobebelieved,multitaskingisadisastrousidea.3\nOneoftheopponentsofmultitaskingisDr.CliffordNass,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity.“Peoplewhomultitaskfrequentlyarelessabletopayattention;they’reworseatmanagingtheirmemory,”hesaid.Inhisopinion,thelossthatwegetwithmultitaskingisharmlessinsomesituations,forexample,partofdoingbusinessinthedigitalworld;butyoucan’tdoseriousworklikewriting,thinkingorsolvinganimportantproblemthisway.Youdoworseevenasyouthinkyou’redoingbetter.Allthetimetheresearchpointstoasimplefact:thebraincannotcope.Whenyoustopmidwaythroughcomposingareporttocheckanemail,youforceyourbraintostopandregroup.Itislikepressingthepausebuttonduringamovie,meaningthefilmtakeslongertowatch.AndasforDr.Nass,theproblemsextendbeyondthebrain.Youngpeoplewhofrequentlymultitaskarenotassociallyandemotionallyhealthyasthosewhodon’t.Theyjustfeelmoreemotionallysatisfiedandthefeelingissogoodandtheyareboundtodesireitagain.ToddOppenheimer,awritersaid,“We’vebecomeaveryshort-termsocietyanddon’trewardpeoplefortakingalotoftimeonsomething.”Hefearswemayenduplosingthenextgenerationofgreatthinkers.“It’sreallyunfortunatebecausethelong-termchallengesofourworld—environmentalissues,financialissues—requirepeopletothinkwiselyaboutthelong-termconsequencesofwhattheydo.Andit’snocoincidencethatthekindofpeoplewhodothinklong-termdon’tmultitask.”1.AccordingtoDr.Nass,multitasking　　　. A.makestheperformanceemotionallyaffectedonlyB.contributestomemorizingvariousthingsC.mayresultinlosingthenextgenerationofgreatthinkersD.canbeperformedusingdigitaltools2.Fromthepassage,wecantell　　　. A.thelossthatwegetwithmultitaskingisharmlessB.wemistakenlybelievethatwe’redoingbetterbyswitchingbetweentasksC.multitaskingdoesharmtousineveryareaD.foreverytaskyouaddtoyourmultitasking,youcanfinishyourgoalmorequickly3.Whichofthefollowingisamultitaskingaddict?A.Youturnyourcellphonetosilencewhenyou’reouttodinewithfriends.B.YouwatchfromstarttofinishwithoutdistractionwhenplayingaDVD.C.Youhaveyourofficedeskcoveredwithpaperworkfromvariousunfinishedprojects.D.Youfeelthatwhenyoutrytodotoomuchatonce,theresultalwayssuffers.4.Theauthormainlywantstotellus　　　. A.thelessyouswitch,thebetteryoudoB.itismoreefficienttodothingsallinamixedwayC.ittakeslongerforustobecomeagreatthinkerD.weshouldn’tbelazyifwewanttoaccomplishmanytasks##A【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了要当一名国际志愿者应该具备的素质。1.B　细节理解题。文章第二段说,在出发前的几个月联系好志愿服务机构,并了解志愿服务项目缺少的材料,你觉得很充足的东西比如钉子或锤子,在你要去的地方就可能会很稀缺,因此选B项,要事先做好准备。3\n2.C　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“Volunteeringisaspecialandlife-changingexperienceforeveryoneinvolved.”及“encourageyoutoviewyourself,yourneighborsandyourworldquitedifferently”可知应选C项,志愿活动改变一个人的世界观。3.A　主旨大意题。全文围绕去当志愿者之前必须做的准备工作展开叙述,并阐述了志愿者工作的意义,因此本文的主题是A项,当一名志愿者需要做的准备工作。B【语篇导读】这是一篇科普文。研究人员发现,同时做很多事情的人做事不专一,不仅会导致事倍功半,而且还会影响人们的社交与情感健康。1.D　细节理解题。关于同时做很多事,第二段说在有些情况下,比如在数码领域里做生意(doingbusinessinthedigitalworld)是无害的,因此选D项。文章说同时做很多事会影响我们在人际交往和情感方面的健康(A项错),会使我们记性更差(B项错),一位叫Todd的作家说这样可能会使我们失去一位未来一代伟大的思想家(C项错)。2.B　推理判断题。由第一段第二句可知,这个想法实际上害人不浅,因此B项正确;从第二段可知A、C两项错误,因为multitasking有时是无害的,有时则会妨碍我们;第二段最后一句通过打比方的方式告诉我们,这样会使事情做得更慢(D项错)。3.C　推理判断题。从本题四个选项的陈述看,A、B、D三项都是专心做一件事,C项说办公桌上放着各种没有完工的项目的文件,这里的variousunfinishedprojects属于multitasking。故选C项。4.A　主旨大意题。全文通过斯坦福大学一位教授的话告诉我们,同时做很多事不仅不能提高工作效率,反而对我们的健康不利,因此A项“角色转换越少,做得就越好”是本文的主题。3