【志鸿优化设计】2022高考英语（安徽专用）二轮总复习 专题训练 专题十七 词义猜测（含解析）

专题十七　词义猜测A(2022·安徽蚌埠第三次质检)Noonegetsthroughlifewithoutexperiencingmanydisappointments.Strangely,though,mostpeopleseemunpreparedfordisappointmentandreacttoitinnegativeways.Theyfeeldepressedortrytoescapefromtheirtroublesinsteadofusingdisappointmentasanopportunityforgrowth.Onenegativereactiontodisappointmentisdepression.Awomantryingtowinapromotion,forexample,workshardforoverayearinherdepartment.Helenissosureshewillgetthepromotion.However,thebossnamesoneofHelen’sco-workersforthespot.Deeplydepressed,Helenlosesherenthusiasmforherjobandcanbarelyforceherselftoshowupeveryday.Helentellsherselfthatsheisafailureandthatdoingagoodjobjustisn’tworththework.Anothernegativereactiontodisappointmentisthedesiretoescape.Kevinfailstogetintothecollegehisbrotherisattending,thecollegethatwasthefocusofallhisdreams,anddecidestoescapehisdisappointment.Whyworryaboutcollegeatall?Instead,hecoversuphisrealfeelingsbygivinguponhisschool-workandgettingcompletelyinvolvedwithfriends,parties,and“goodtimes”.Thepositivewaytoreacttodisappointmentistouseitasachanceforgrowth.Thisisn’teasy,butit’stheonlyusefulwaytodealwithaninevitablepartoflife.Helen,thewomanwhowasnotpromoted,couldhavehandledherdisappointmentbylookingatotheroptions.Ifherbossdidnotrecognizehertalentandhardwork,perhapsshecouldtransfertoanotherdepartment.Orshecouldaskthebosshowtoimproveherperformancesothatshecouldprepareforthenextpromotion.Kevin,theboywhodidn’tgetintothecollegeofhischoice,shouldlookintootherschools.Goingtoanothercollegemayencouragehimtobehisownperson,stepoutofhisbrother’sshadow,andrealizethatbeingturneddownbyonecollegeisn’tafinaljudgmentonhisabilitiesorpotential.Disappointmentsareunwelcome,butregularvisitorstoeveryone’slife.Wecanfeeldepressedaboutthemorwecantrytoescapefromthem.Thebestthing,though,istoacceptadisappointmentandthentrytouseitsomehow:Stepovertheunwelcomevisitoronthedoorstepandgetonwithlife.1.Inthispassage,theauthor　　　. A.analyzesthecauseofdisappointmentB.describeshispersonalexperienceindealingwithdisappointmentC.criticizesHelenandKevin’snegativeresponsestodisappointmentD.offersspecificexamplesofthewayspeopledealwithdisappointment2.Fromthecontext,theword“options”(Para.4)means　　　. A.ways　　　　　　　　　B.choicesC.placesD.jobs3.Intheauthor’sopinion,Helenshould　　　insteadoffeelingdepressed. A.workevenhardertogetbetterthanherpromotedco-workerB.standthepressureandcompetitionC.winagoodopinionfromthebossbyseekinghisadviceD.moveintoanotherdepartmenttohavehertalentandhardworkappreciated3\n4.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthisselection?A.Disappointmentisaninevitable(不可避免的)partoflifeandwehavetohandleitinapositiveway.B.Lifeismadeupofaseriesofdisappointments.Wehavetoacceptthem.C.Therearetwokindsofreactionstodisappointment.D.Mostpeoplereacttodisappointmentinnegativeways.B(2022·石家庄质检二)SirJohn,aBritishscientistwhowonlastyear’sNobelPrizeforMedicine,saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years,andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues,thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst“testtubebaby”.Hesaid,“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentwasdone,anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwillbebeforethesethingscanbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid,‘Well,itcouldbeanywherebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years?’Itturnedoutthatitwasn’tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin,anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”.Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren,whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的),tocreateanotherusingthemother’seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild,thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective,is60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildwouldfeeltheyweresomesortofareplacementforsomething.1.SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityin　　　atmost. A.100years　　　　　　　B.60yearsC.50yearsD.10years2.Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisNOTtrue?A.LouiseBrownisthefirst“testtubebaby”.B.Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C.SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D.Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn’texistbefore.3.Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“　　　”. A.sameB.specialC.newD.clear4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThelifeofSirJohn.B.Predictiononhumancloning.C.Viewsonhumancloning.D.Achievementsinhumancloning.3\n##A1.D　写作方法题。该篇文章以多个事件说明了人们应对失望时的做法,并给出了建议,故D项正确。2.B　词义猜测题。该词所在句子的后面部分说明了没有被提拔的Helen可以有其他的几个假设的选择,故此处options相当于choices,表示“选择”,故B项正确。3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ifherbossdidnotrecognizehertalentandhardwork,perhapsshecouldtransfertoanotherdepartment.”一句可知作者的建议,故D项正确。4.A　主旨大意题。作者主要讲述了在面对失望时我们可以有不同的选择,我们应积极面对,而不应消极应对,故A项正确。B【语篇导读】诺贝尔医学奖得主——英国科学家约翰称,那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术,让他们的子女“重生”。1.C　细节理解题。依据文章第一段可知,约翰表示,未来50年内,克隆技术将可以成功应用于人类。故选C项。2.D　细节理解题。依据第二段中的“afterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst‘testtubebaby’”排除A项;文章最后一段说明克隆人类赞成者占6成,依旧存在争议,故排除B项;第二段SirJohn的话表明,他对克隆人类充满了希望,故排除C项;第二段的最后一句说明克隆技术只能克隆已经存在的人。故选D项。3.A　词义猜测题。依据第二段中的“doctorswouldthereforesimplybe‘copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’”可知,医生只是复制已经存在的人,故选A项。4.B　主旨大意题。作者在文中讲述了去年获得诺贝尔医学奖的英国科学家对克隆人类的前景的预测。故选B项。3