新高考全国卷2023高三英语模拟培优强化训练一

（新高考全国卷）2021届高三英语模拟培优强化训练（一）本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AUsageandBookingsofSportsandOutdoorFacilities   SwimmingPoolsandFitnessGyms   NUS(NationalUniversityofSingapore)studentswhopaysportsfees:   StudentswillneedtoregisterinResourceBookingSystem(REBOKS)toactivatetheirfreeaccesstotheswimmingpoolsandfitnessgyms.Thereafter,accesswillbeviatheNUSStudentMatricCard.   NUSstaff,registeredguestsandimmediatefamilymembersofNUSstaffi.e.spouse(配偶)andchildren:   NUSstaff,registeredguestsandimmediatefamilymembersofNUSstaffcanaccessthesefacilitiesbybuyinganyofthefollowingitemsthroughREBOKS   • IndividualMembership   • SwimmingEntryTickets   •Tap&Go   Chargeswillbededucted(扣除)directlyfrome-Wallet.   NUSstaffcanaccesstheswimmingpoolsandfitnessgymsusingtheirstaffcardafterpurchasingoneoftheitemsabovethroughREBOKS.   NUSregisteredguestsandimmediatefamilymembersofNUSstaffcanaccesstheswimmingpoolsandfitnessgymsbyusingtheQRCodefoundundertheirREBOKSprofile.   BadmintonCourts,TableTennisTablesandTennisCourts   OnlyNUSstaff/studentsareallowedtobookthebadmintoncourts,tabletennistablesandtenniscourts.   BookingscanbedoneonlinethroughREBOKSandarenon-transferable.Chargesmaybeapplicabletothebookingsandusageofselectedfacilities.19   BookingsforOrganizedEvents/Competitions   NUSstudentorganizationsregisteredwiththeOfficeofStudentAffairs(OSA)canbookthesportsfacilitieswithendorsement(认可)fromtherespectivestaffadviserwithaform.NUSdepartmentscanalsobookthesportsfacilitieswithaform.Bookingsshouldbemadeatleastfourweeksinadvanceandusageshouldbeforthefacilities'primarypurposes.1.HowcananNUSstudentwhopayssportsfeesaccesstheswimmingpoolsforfree?A.ByusingtheQRCode.B.Byusingswimmingentrytickets.C.Byusingindividualmembership.D.ByusingNUSStudentMatricCard.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbookatenniscourt?A.NUSstudents.B.Registeredguests.C.NUSstaff'sfamilymembers.D.Professionaltennisplayers.3.Whatcanwelearnaboutbookingsfororganizedevents?A.TheymustbedoneonlinethroughREBOKS.B.Theycanbemadenomatterwhattheusageis.C.Theyshouldbemadeatleast4weeksinadvance.D.Theycannotbetransferredtootherorganizations.B   Itwasatmidnight,whenJaniceEspositoarrivedatthetrainstation,jumpedintohercar,andbeganthe20-minutedrivehome.Shehadtraveledtheroutesomanytimes.AcaroutofnowherecrashedintoEsposito'sminivan,pushingherbackwardsome100feetontotherailroadtracks.Shesatintheminivan,bruisedbutmostlyjuststunnedbytheimpactandbythevehicle'sairbags.   Asithappened,PeteDiPintowasgettingreadyforbed.Avolunteerfirefighterandretiredteacher,DiPinto,64,neverstoppedtothink.Hegrabbedaflashlightand,stillinhispajamas,ranoutthedoor.   ThefirstcarhecameuponwastheonethathadhitEsposito.OnceDiPintoconcludedthedriverwasOK,helookedaroundandspottedEsposito'sminivanstuckontherailroadtracks.Andthenheheardasharpsound:thebellssignalinganoncomingtrain.19   "Ievenseetheheadlightsofthetrain,"hetoldNewsday.DiPintorushedtoEsposito'sminivanandbangedonthedriver'ssidewindow.Shejustlookedathim,hereyesunfocused."Idon'tknowwhereIam,"shesaid.   "Honey,you'reontherailroadtracks,"DiPintoshouted."Wehavetogetyouoffrightnow!"Heyanked(猛拉)onthehandle,butthedoorwasjammedshut.Thetrainwashurtlingtowardthem.DiPintorantothepassengersideandthrewopenthedoor."Please,don'tletherbetrapped,"hethought.Hepushedasidethedeflatingairbags,grabbedEsposito'sarms,andpulledhertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilhecouldhelpheroutandspeedhertosafety.Withinsixseconds,heestimated,thetraincrashedintotheMinivan."ItwaslikeaHollywoodmovie,''DiPintotoldreportersthenextday.   Butthisonehadatwist."Lastnight,"EspositotoldCBS,"theheroarrivedinpajamas,notinafiretruck."4.WhatdoweknowaboutJaniceEspositofromthefirstparagraph?A.Shefelloffthetrain.B.Shewasfamiliarwiththeroute.C.Shewashitdeliberately.D.Shewasconsciousafterthecrash.5.WhydidDiPintohurrytorescueEspositofromherminivan?A.Shewashurtbadly.B.Hefeltitwashisduty.C.TheotherdriverwasOK.D.Thetrainwastohithercar.6.WhydidDiPintosay"ItwaslikeaHollywoodmovie"?A.Itwasaclipfromamovie.B.ThestoryhappenedinHollywood.C.Theplotwasasthrillingasamovie.D.EspositowasafilmstarinHollywood.7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AThrillingRide19HomeB.ASeriousCarAccidentC.HelpPeopleinNeedD.TheHeroinPajamasC   EarthDaywasfoundedin1970asadayofeducationaboutenvironmentalissues,andEarthDay2020occursonWednesday,April22—theholiday's50thanniversary.Theholidayisnowaglobalcelebrationthat'ssometimesextendedintoEarthWeek,afullsevendaysofeventsfocusedongreenliving.   Bytheearly1960s,Americanswerebecomingawareoftheeffectsofpollutionontheenvironment.RachelCarson's1962bestsellerSilentSpringpointedoutthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(杀虫剂)ontheAmericancountryside.Laterinthedecade,a1969fireonCleveland'sCuyahogaRivershedlightontheproblemofchemicalwastedisposal.Untilthattime,protectingtheplanet'snaturalresourceswasnotpartofthenationalpoliticalplan.OnlyasmallportionoftheAmericanpopulationwasfamiliarwithenvironmentalissues—letalonepracticedrecycling.   ElectedtotheU.S.Senatein1962,Senator(参议员)GaylordNelsonwasdeterminedtoconvincethefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwasatrisk.Inthefallof1969,Nelson,consideredoneoftheleadersofthemodernenvironmentalmovements,announcedtheEarthDayconceptataconferenceinSeattleandinvitedtheentirenationtogetinvolved.Helaterrecalled:"Theresponsewaselectric(高度刺激的).Telegrams,lettersandtelephoneinquiriespouredinfromallacrossthecountry.TheAmericanpeoplefinallyhadanopportunitytoexpresstheirconcernaboutwhatwashappeningtotheland,rivers,lakesandair."   Publicopinionpolls(民意调查)indicatedthatinMay1971,25percentoftheU.Spublicdeclaredprotectingtheenvironmenttobeanimportantgoal,a2,500percentincreaseover1969.   EarthDaykickedofftheenvironmentaldecadewithabang,asSenatorNelsonlaterputit.Duringthe1970s,anumberofimportantenvironmentallawswerepassed,suchastheCleanAirAct,theWaterQualityImprovementActandtheEndangeredSpeciesAct.AnotherkeydevelopmentwastheestablishmentoftheEnvironmental19ProtectionAgency(EPA)inDecember1970,whichwastaskedwithprotectinghumanhealthandsafeguardingthenaturalenvironment—air,waterandland.8.WhatdowelearnaboutthecircumstancesinAmericabeforeEarthDaywasfounded?A.TheoveruseofpesticideshadlittleimpactontheAmericancountryside.B.ThefireonCuyahogaRiverwascausedbyimproperchemicalwastedisposal.C.Thegovernmenthighlyvaluedtheprotectionofthenaturalresources.D.OnlyafewAmericanswerefamiliarwithenvironmentalissuesandpracticedrecycling.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A.Nelsonconvincedthefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwasatrisk.B.Nelsonorganizedthemodemenvironmentalmovementsallbyhimself.C.TheEarthDaysuccessfullyarousedthepublic'sinterestinenvironmentalissues.D.Theelectricpowersupplyhadbeencutoffbecausenumeroustelephoneinquiriespouredin.10.WhywastheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencysetup?A.Tocollectpublicopinions.B.Tokickofftheenvironmentaldecade.C.Tochangepublicattitudes.D.Toprotecthumanbeingsandnature.11.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorwilldiscusslater?A.EarthDaycelebrationshavegrownandspreadaroundtheglobe.B.EPAprotectshumanhealthandournaturalenvironment.C.Theenvironmentallawscomeintoeffect.D.SenatorNelson'sachievementsareremarkable.D   TodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironmentcontainingiceandsnow.Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast.   TheresearcherscollectedapieceofEarthsediment(沉淀物)fromundertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforestmaterialthatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold.ThiswouldhavebeenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainlandanimals.Thesediment19wasremovedbyscientistsontheresearchicebreakerRVPolarsternintheAmundsenSeanearPineIslandGlacier.   JohannKlagesisageologistwiththeAlfredWegenerInstitute,HelmholtzCenterforPolarandMarineResearchinGermany.Hewastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings,publishedinthejournalNature.Hesaidthesedimentwascollectedfromadepthofabout30metersbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn'tformintheocean.   Theresearchersestimatethatthearea—about900kilometersfromtheSouthPole—hadaverageyearlytemperaturesofabout12to13degreesCelsius.Duringthewarmestsummermonths,averagetemperatureslikelyreachedbetween20and25degreesCelsius.Thesoilincludedfinedirtparticles(颗粒)andhardclay,aswellassubstanceslinked toatleast65differentkindsofplants,thestudyfound.Klagesaddedthattheplantsincludedtrees,fernsandfloweringplants.Whilenoanimalremainswerefound,Klagessaidtherewerelikelydinosaurs,flyingreptiles(爬行动物)andmanyinsectsintheenvironment.   TheresearchrepresentsnewevidenceofthemajorclimatechangesEarthhasexperiencedinthepast—andiscurrentlyundergoingtoday.Thesoilinthesedimentdatesbacktotheplanet'swarmestperiodofthepast140millionyears,withsealevelabout170metershigherthantoday.TheresearcherssaidthattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprisingbecauseeachyear,theareaexperiencesafour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely.12.Howdidtheresearcherscometotheirfindings?A.Bycollectingdataonclimate.B.Byresearchingspecialplants.C.ByexploringiceinAntarctica.D.ByanalyzingtheEarthsediment.13.Whatdidtheresearcherssayaboutthesediment?A.Itsmaterialdevelopedinthe19ocean.B.Itsmaterialformedontheland.C.ItdatesbacktocoldtimesinAntarctica.D.Itcontaineddifferentanimalremains.14.Whatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastparagraph?A.Therewereicesheets140millionyearsago.B.Seasonalsnowfallmadetheforestdisappear.C.Antarctica'snaturalenvironmenthaschangedgreatly.D.PolarnightsinAntarcticaaregettingshorterthanbefore.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Antarcticaisgettingwarmerlikebefore.B.VariouswildlifeonceexistedinAntarctica.C.Antarcticahadadifferenthistoryofclimate.D.ResearchersstudythesecretsofAntarctica.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。   Amidhopesofthedigitalage,itiseasytoforgetthatold-fashionedhumandesireisasessentialtoachievingbusinessgoalsasever.Yetmanycompaniesstrugglebecausetheirculturesgetintheway.Thisisabigproblem.16________ Why?Fortworeasons.Peopleessentiallyseekjoy.Andjoyconnectspeoplemorepowerfullythanalmostanyotherhumanexperience.   Theconnectivepowerofjoyisclearlyvisibleinsports. 17________Joyfuelsfurthersuccess.Everyoneiscaughtupinthemoment.Canthejoythatissoapparentinathleticsbecopiedinbusiness?Absolutely.   Inanyteamenvironment,joyusuallyarisesfromthreethingswhichbusinessleaderscanengenderintheirorganizations.    18________Onwinningteams,eachplayerhasadistinctroleinachievingthegoal.Oneplayermightbeagreatpasser.Anotherisagreatscorer.Whenthediverseskillsandstrengthsofteammatesarereallyclickingtogether,itfeelsgreat.19   Impact.19________Youcanseeitintheirfacesastheythrowtheirarmsaroundeachotherandjumpupanddownlikechildren.Theyaresayingtoeachother:"Canyoubelievewedidthat?!"   Acknowledgment.Greatcoachesinstructtheirplayersto,whentheyscore,immediatelypointtotheteammateswhocreatedthescoringopportunity.20________   Thisisapatternfullofopportunitiesforbusinessleaders.Byprovidingpeoplewithmoreoftheexperiencesthatengenderjoyinanyteamsetting.leaderscantap(发掘)moreofthepracticalpowerofjoyintheircompanies.A. Harmony.B. Achievement.C. Andjoycanbeabigpartofthesolution.D. Successinsportssparksthejoyoftheteammembers.E. Teamharmonyleadstoanimpact,whichfurtherfuelsjoy.F. Joyisoneelementthatcountsinsportsaswellasinotherfields.G. Acknowledgingeachplayer'scontributionsandcheeringforeachotherpowertheentirejoy-success-joycycle.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。   Iwasatthebusstop,onmyWaytothelabwhereIwasapostdoctoralfellow.Itwas  21  likeanyothermorning.Butsomethingbeganto  22  insidemeasIwatchedthepeoplearoundme—headphoneshangingfromtheirears,  23  castdown,unsmilingfaces.Theylooked  24 . AndIrealizedIwasoneofthem.Suddenly,Icouldnolonger 25  myworklifeandbookedaone-waytickettoflyhome.   Overtheyears,Ihadgrownmore 26 .Thosewhocouldhavebeencollaborators(合作者)becamecompetitors.Buttheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe  27  ofwhatIhadhopedfor.SoIbegantofeelaloneandlost.19The  28  hadtoend.Iemailedmyprofessors,explainingthatIhadputthe  29  firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.   Backhome,I  30  myfamilyandfriendsaboutmyproblems.Ialsostartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommy 31 —Iguessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon.Intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerable(脆弱的)researcherswere  32  theirheadsoutoftheirshells(壳).Iunderstandthatweall  33  sometimes,andthatvulnerabilityandcollaborationcanbemore  34  thancompetition.Infact,itcanbea 35 ,insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.21.A.never    B.just    C.even    D.already22.A.awaken    B.argue    C.settle    D.disappear23.A.faces    B.packages    C.eyes    D.shadows24.A.unfriendly    B.unhealthy    C.loose    D.upset25.A.continue    B.balance    C.improve    D.predict26.A.mature    B.academic    C.competitive    D.positive27.A.outcome    B.choice    C.case    D.opposite28.A.play    B.race    C.loneliness    D.prejudice29.A.evaluation    B.reputation    C.production    D.occupation30.A.gotalongwith    B.keptawayfrom    C.stoodupfor    D.openedupto31.A.workmates    B.friends    C.teammates    D.19sponsors32.A.shaking    B.sticking    C.scratching    D.spinning33.A.fail    B.regret    C.struggle    D.hesitate34.A.powerful    B.familiar    C.painful    D.popular35.A.differentstory    B.non-controversialcase    C.closefinish    D.win-wingame第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。   BirdsofSanFranciscostartedsingingdifferentlyinthequietofthecoronaviruslockdown,saidastudyinScience.Before,urbanwhite-crownedsparrow'sbreedingterritorieswerealmostthree36__________(time)asloudasruralterritories,thestudyfound.   Butduringthepandemic,researchersnotedthatnoiselevelsinurbanareasweredrastically37__________(low).Infact,theywereconsistent 38__________trafficflowinthemid-1950s.   "Inotherwords,theCOVID-19shutdowncreated39__________silentspringacrosstheSFBayArea,"researchersnoted.   By40__________(analyze)trafficflowdatafromtheGoldenGateBridge,researchersfoundthatvehiclecrossingsfromApriltoMay2020returnedtolevelsnot41__________(see)since1954.Whilenoiserecordingswerenotavailablefromthe1950s,researcherssaidthisindicatedthatabriefbut42__________(drama)changeinhumanbehavioreffectivelyerasedmorethanahalf-centuryofurbannoisepollution.   Birds43__________(respond)byproducinghigherperformancesongsatloweramplitude(振幅),maximizingcommunicationdistanceandsalience(显著).   "Wefoundthatbirdssangmore44__________(soft)whennoiselevelswerelower,"researcherssaidinthestudy.19   However,communicationdistancenearlydoubled,raisingspeciesfitnessandincreasingmatingpotential.   "Inaddition,thesignal-to-noiseratio(比率)doubled, 45__________helpsexplainmediareportssuggestingthatsongsofbirdssoundedlouderduringtheshutdown,"the researcherssaid.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Mike来信说他的父母打算搬家到纽约，他感到很苦恼，因为他更喜欢目前的小镇生活。请给他写封回信，内容包括：1.表示理解；2.你的看法及建议；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。   Beverlywasa10-year-oldgirlfromaremotesmallvillage.Shefinishedattendingprimaryschooltill4thgradeathervillage.For5thgradeonwards,shewouldhavetogetanadmissioninaschoolatabigcitynearby.Shebecameveryhappyknowingthatshewasacceptedintoafamousschoolinthecity.Todaywasthefirstdayofherschoolandshewaswaitingforherschoolbus.Oncethebuscame,shegotonitquickly.Shewasveryexcited.   Whenthebusreachedherschool,allstudentsstartedgoingtotheirclasses.Beverlyalsomadeittoherclassroom.Uponseeinghersimpleclothingandknowingshewasfromasmallvillage,somestudentsstartedmakingfunofher.Theteacher19soonarrived.SheintroducedBeverlytotheclassandtoldthemthatshewouldbestudyingwiththemfromtoday.   Duringtheclasstheteachertoldthestudentstobereadyforthesurprisetestnow!ShetoldeveryonetowritedowntheSevenWondersoftheWorld.Everyonestartedwritingtheanswerquickly.ButBeverlystartedtowritetheanswerslowly.   WheneveryoneexceptBeverlyhadpresentedtheiranswerpaper,theteacheraskedBeverly,"Whathappened,dear?Don'tworry.Justwritewhatyouknowasotherstudentslearnedaboutitjustafewdaysback."   Beverlyreplied,"Therearemanythings.WhichsevencanIpicktowrite?"Andthenshehandedheranswerpapertotheteacher.Theteacherstartedreadingeveryone'sanswersandmostofthemhadansweredcorrectlysuchastheGreatWallofChina,Stonehenge,theGreatPyramidofGiza,theLeaningTowerofPisa,etc.   Theteacherwashappyasstudentshadrememberedwhatshehadtaughtthem.AtlasttheteacherpickedupBeverly'sanswerpaper,reading,"TheSevenWondersare—tobeabletosee,tobeabletohear,tobeabletofeel,tolaugh,tothink,tobekind,tolove!"注意:   1.续写词数应为150左右;；   2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph1:   Theteacherstoodshockedandthewholeclasslaughedoutloud.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:   "Let'srewritethetrueSevenWondersinyourheart,kids,"theteachersaid19.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案以及解析第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3.DAC解析：1.细节理解题。根据SwimmingPoolsandFitnessGyms部分中关于NUS(NationalUniversityofSingapore)studentswhopaysportsfees的叙述Thereafter,accesswillbeviatheNUSStudentMatricCard.可知,该校付费后的学生可使用NUSStudentMatricCard进入游泳馆,故选D项。2.细节理解题。根据BadmintonCourts,TableTennisTablesandTennisCourts部分中的OnlyNUSstaff/studentsareallowedtobookthebadmintoncourts,tabletennistablesandtenniscourts.可知,该校学生可预订网球场馆,故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的Bookingsshouldbemadeatleastfourweeksinadvance可知,为赛事预订体育设施需要至少提前四周,故选C项。B答案：4-7BDCD解析：4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Shehadtraveledtheroutesomanytimes.可推知，她对路线应该很熟悉了，故选B项。5.细节理解题。根据第三段中的...andspottedEsposito'sminivanstuckontherailroadtracks.Andthenheheardasharpsound：thebellssignalinganoncomingtrain.可知，他看到车卡在了铁轨上,并且听到火车即将到达的铃声，即火车将撞上埃斯波西托的车，故选D项。6.推理判断题。根据常识可知，好莱坞电影的情节通常都是惊险刺激的，结合倒数第二段描述的惊险救人场景可知，迪平托之所以这样说，是因为当时情况紧急，千钧一发，宛如电影情节，故选C项。197.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，此篇文章讲的是义务消防员化身英雄，英勇救人的故事，而这位英雄是穿着睡衣的。故D项最适合作为本文的标题。C答案：8-11BCDA解析：8.细节理解题。根据第二段中的a1969fireonCleveland'sCuyahogaRivershedlightontheproblemofchemicalwastedisposal可知,凯霍加河大火是化学废物处理不当造成的。故选B项。9.推理判断题。根据第三段中的Theresponsewaselectric.Telegrams,lettersandtelephoneinquiriespouredinfromallacrossthecountry...toexpresstheirconcernaboutwhatwashappeningtotheland,rivers,lakesandair.可知,美国人民终于有机会表达他们对土地、河流、湖泊和空气所发生的事情的担忧,地球日成功地唤起了公众对环境问题的关注。故选C项。10.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的...whichwastaskedwithprotectinghumanhealthandsafeguardingthenaturalenvironment-air,waterandland.可知,美国国家环境保护局成立时接到的任务是保护人类健康和保护空气、水和土地等自然环境。故选D项。11.推理判断题。通过分析文章可知,前面几段重点介绍了地球日的起源及发展初期的历史,接下来作者应该以此为主线,继续谈论地球日庆祝活动在世界各地不断发展壮大。且第一段中的Theholidayisnowaglobalcelebration也是提示,故选A项。D答案：12-15DBCC解析：12.根据第一段中的“Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast”和第二段中的“TheresearcherscollectedapieceofEarthsediment(沉淀物)fromundertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforestmaterialthatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold”可知，研究人员从南极洲海岸的海床下收集到沉淀物，经过对该沉淀物的分析和研究得出结论。故答案为D。13.根据第二段可知,该沉淀物中含有森林物质;再根据第三段中的"Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn'tformintheocean"可知,该物质不是在海洋中形成的。再结合第四段中的“Thesoilincludedfinedirtparticles(颗粒)…floweringplants”可知，沉淀物是在南极洲的陆地上形成的。故答案为B。1914.根据最后一段中的“Thesoilinthesedimentdatesbacktotheplanet'swarmestperiodofthepast140millionyears...noicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely”可推知，南极洲的自然环境发生了很大的变化。故答案为C。15.第一段是文章的主题段，介绍新的研究证明南极洲过去曾被雨林覆盖,其余段落均围绕该主题展开，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是南极洲曾经的气候跟现在的有很大不同。故答案为C。第二节答案：16-20CDAEG解析：16语境&复现推断。根据空前的abigproblem可以推断,设空句应为问题的解决方案;又根据后文中提到的seekjoy可知,解决方案与joy有关。故C项(快乐是解决方法的一个重要部分)承上启下,符合语境。17语境&复现推断。根据设空处后一句Joyfuelsfurthersuccess.可知,快乐能促进进一步的成功。由此可推断出设空处应为成功和快乐的关系。且D项中的insports与设空处前一句中的insports相呼应,Success与设空处后一句中的success相呼应。故D项(体育运动的成功激发了队员们的欢乐)符合语境。18语境推断。根据该段最后一句Whenthediverseskillsandstrengthsofteammatesarereallyclickingtogether,itfeelsgreat.可知,当队友的不同技能和优势真正融合在一起时,那感觉棒极了,这强调了团队和谐的重要性。根据以下两段的首句可知,设空处为本段主旨句。故A项(和谐)符合语境。19语境&复现推断。根据该段主旨句Impact.可知,本段围绕影响力展开叙述。E项中的impact与空前的Impact相呼应。故E项(团队和谐带来一种影响力,从而进一步激发快乐)符合语境。20语境&复现推断。根据该段主旨句Acknowledgment.可知,一定要认可团队成员,G项中的Acknowledging与空前的Acknowledgment相呼应。故G项(认可每个球员的贡献并为彼此欢呼能够加速整个"快乐--成功--快乐"的循环)符合语境。第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：21-25BACDA26-30CDBDD31-35ABCAD19解析：21.根据语境可知，此处表示这个早晨就像其他任何一个早晨一样。just“只是，仅仅是”，符合语境。22.根据下文中的"AndIrealizedIwasoneofthem"可知，此处表示作者内心的某种东西开始苏醒（awaken)。argue“争论，争辩”;settle"安静下来"。23.根据语境和常识可知，此处表示作者看到身边的人——耳机垂在耳边，眼睛（eyes)低垂，脸上没有笑容。package"包裹"；shadow“阴影，影子”。24.根据上文中的"unsmilingfaces"和下文中的“Iwasoneofthem”"Ibegantofeelaloneandlost"可知，此处表示他们看起来不高兴(upset)。unfriendly"不友好的"；unhealthy"不健康的，虚弱的"；loose"自由的，无束缚的"。25.根据上文中的"Iwasatthebusstop,onmywaytothelab"和下文中的"bookedaone-waytickettoflyhome"可知，此处表示作者突然再也无法继续（continue)工作了，所以作者预订了一张回家的单程票。balance“权衡,保持平衡”；improve"改善，改进"；predict"预言，预告"。26.根据下文中的"Thosewhocouldhavebeencollaborators(合作者）becamecompetitors"“thiscompetition”可知，多年来，作者变得更一心求胜（competitive)了。mature"成熟的，明白事理的"；academic"学习良好的，学术的";positive"积极乐观的，自信的"。27.根据上文中的“But”和下文中的“SoIbegantofeelaloneandlost”可知，此处表示竞争的结果和作者所希望的完全相反(opposite)。outcome"结果"；choice"选择"；case"事例，实例"。28.根据上文中的"thiscompetition"和下文内容可知，此处表示竞争(race)必须结束。loneliness"孤独，寂寞";prejudice"偏见，成见"。29.作者给教授们发了邮件，解释说自己把工作（occupation)放在首位、把自己放在第二位太长时间了。evaluation"估计，评价，评估"；reputation"名誉，名声"；production"生产，制造，制作"。30.根据下文中的"myfamilyandfriendsaboutmyproblems"可知，此处表示不回家后作者向家人和朋友倾诉自己的问题。openupto"直抒胸臆，畅所欲言"，符合语境。getalongwith"与……相处融洽"；keepawayfrom"避免接近，远离，勿靠近"。1931.根据下文中的"Iguessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon…theirstressofacademiclife"和"Vulnerable(脆弱的）researchersweretheirheadsoutoftheirshells(壳）"可知，作者也开始收到同事(workmates)发来的电子邮件。32.根据上文提到的作者和同事之间开始交流感情可知，此处表示脆弱的研究人员正把头伸到（sticking)壳外。此处是一种比喻用法，比喻研究人员开始尝试与别人交流感情。33.根据上文中的"manyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife"可知，此处表示作者明白，我们每个人都有挣扎（struggle)的时候，脆弱和合作可能会比竞争更强大。fail"失败"；regret"后悔;hesitate"犹豫"。34.参见上题解析。powerful"强有力的，力量大的，很有效的";familiar"熟悉的"；painful"令人痛苦的"。35.根据上文中的"Iunderstandthatweallsometimes,andthatvulnerabilityandcollaborationcanbemorethancompetition"和下文中的"insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses"可知，此处表示这可以是一个双赢游戏，而不是一方得益一方受损的游戏。closefinish"不相上下，以微小差距分出高下"；win-wingame"双赢游戏"。第二节答案：36times;37lower;38with;39a;40analyzing;41seen;42dramatic;43responded;44softly;45which解析：36考查名词单复数。句意为:研究发现,之前白冠麻雀城市繁殖地区的噪声等级是乡下繁殖地区的三倍。time在句中表倍数,为可数名词。空前有数词there,故设空处填复数形式times。37考查形容词的比较等级。句意为:但是在疫情期间,研究人员注意到,城区的噪声等级大大降低。根据句意可知,此处是和正常状态下相比。故用比较级lower。38考查介词。句意为:事实上,疾病大流行期间城市的噪声等级和20世纪50年代中期的交通噪声等级持平。beconsistentwith意为"和……保持一致",故填with。39考查冠词。句意为:研究人员指出:"换句话说,新冠肺炎疫情封锁给旧金山湾带来了一个安静的春天"。这里泛指一个春天,应用不定冠词,且silent的发音以辅音音素开头,故用冠词a。1940考查非谓语动词。句意为:通过分析金门大桥的车流量数据……介词后的动词应用-ing形式,故填analyzing。41考查非谓语动词。句意为:……2020年四月至五月的车流量回落到了1954年以来的最低水平。分析句子结构可知,not_______since1954在句中作后置定语,修饰levels,levels和动词see之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故填seen。42考查词性转换。句意为这表明人类行为的短时间剧变有效地消除了持续半个多世纪的城区噪声污染。change在此处为名词,应用形容词修饰,故填dramatic。43考查动词的时态。句意为:鸟类对此的反应是用更低的振幅(音量)唱出更优美的歌声,最大限度地增加交流距离和显著性。分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语,此处是对过去事实的描述,应用一般过去时,故用动词的过去式responded。44考查词性转换。句意为:研究人员在研究中讲道:"我们发现,当噪声水平降低时,鸟儿的叫声史柔和。"sang为动词,应用副词修饰,故填softly。45考查定语从句。句意为:研究人员说,"此外,信号噪声比的加倍有助于解释媒体关于鸟叫声在封锁期间听起来更嘹亮的报道"。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整句话,设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。第三部分写作第一节DearMike,   Ireallyunderstandyoursituation.It'snevereasytoleaveafamiliarneighborhoodforanunfamiliarone.   Inmyopinion,urbanlifealsohasitsadvantages.Forinstance,citieshaveabetterlearningenvironment.Also,morejobopportunitiesareavailablethere.Maybethat'swhyyourparentshaveplannedtomove.Soyoushouldcommunicatewithyourparentsaboutthemoveandexpressyourself.Ifit'ssettled,you'dbetteradaptyourselfandgetreadyforthenewlife.   Pleasedon'thesitatetotellmeifthere'sanythingIcando.Mayyougetridofyourtroublesoon.Yours,LiHua第二节19Paragraph1:   Theteacherstoodshockedandthewholeclasslaughedoutloud.Beverlystoodupandloweredherheadasifshehadmadeahugemistake."Sorry,"Beverlymurmured.Theteacherapproachedher,pattedherontheshoulderandmotionedforhertositdown."It'sOK,Beverly.Youranswerisgreat.Itremindsusofthepreciousgiftswehave,whicharerealwonders."Afterabriefsilence,therewasaburstofapplause.Especiallythosewhomadefunofheratfirst,clappedtheirhandsandlookedatBeverlyaffectionately.Paragraph2:   "Let'srewritethetrueSevenWondersinyourheart,kids,"theteachersaid.Everyonespokewithonevoiceonthesuggestion.Veryquickly,thestudentshandedintheirpapers,withtheireyessparklingwithhappiness.Answersonthesepapersweresovariousandsincere:"myparents","playingwithmydogSpotty","thesunshine","tobeabletofly"...Lookingatallkindsofanswers,theteacherwassurprisedthatthestudents'thinkingwassorich.Meanwhile,shewasgladtheyhadgotsuchavaluablelesson.19