统考版2023高考英语一轮复习课时提能练4必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析新人教版20230238263

课时提能练(四)必修1　Unit4　EarthquakesA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Duetothe1．destruction(destroy)oftheirnaturalhabitat,wildanimalsinthisareaarebeingendangered.Toavoidanyserious2．injury(injure)towildlife,anaturereservewasbuiltlastmonth.Ourlocalgovernmentreceivedmanylettersof3．congratulation(congratulate)fromallwalksoflife.Manypeopledonatedmoneyasan4．expression(express)ofappreciationandsupport.Accordingtoa5．judgment(judge)madebysomeexperts,thisreservewouldhavean6．extremely(extreme)positiveeffectonthelocalecosystem.B(考查动词)TyphoonMorakotcausedTaiwan'sworstdestructioninhalfacentury,killing15peopleand7．injuring(injure)numerous.Riverbanks8．burst(burst)duetotheheavyrain.Avillage9．wasburied(bury)byalandslidethoughthevillagershadbeenwarnedthattheirvillagewouldbeatriskof10．beingruined(ruin).Helicoptersweresenttothe11．destroyed(destroy)areasbecausemanypeople12．trapped(trap)undertheroofsneeded13．toberescued(rescue)．C(考查句型)Somestudents,mostofwhomaregirls,becometoostressed14．tosleep(sleep)wellthenightbeforeanimportantexam.However,15．allteachersarenotskilledathelpingthemstaycalmandrelaxed.Someteachersevencompletelyignorethisfactasifitnever16．existed(exist).Experiencedteacherswillsaysomethinglike“Youcandoit!You'rethebest.”Everywheretheyencounteranervousstudent，theseencouragingwordsdohelpbuilduphis/herconfidence.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有5处错误)Twobusescrashedinthecitycentre,causedthreedeathsandmanyinjuries.Thedeadwasthetwodriversandoneoldman.Inonebus,itsfrontpartwascompletelydestroyed,sat20passengersandmostofthemwereteenagers.Anarrowescapeleftthemshookwithterror.Soonambulancesarrivedandtookinjuredtothenearesthospital.Investigationsintothecauseofthecrasharestillunderway.【答案】　\nTwobusescrashedinthecitycentre,threedeathsandmanyinjuries.Thedeadthetwodriversandoneoldman.Inonebus,frontpartwascompletelydestroyed,sat20passengersandmostofthemwereteenagers.Anarrowescapeleftthemwithterror.Soonambulancesarrivedandtookinjuredtothenearesthospital.Investigationsintothecauseofthecrasharestillunderway.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．该公司太小，无法与大公司竞争。Thefirmistoosmalltocompeteagainstlargecompanies.2．如想通过考试，我就必须埋头学习。IshallhavetoburymyselfinmystudiesifIamtopasstheexam.3．他与他们说话的口气就像个孩子一样。Hetalkedtothemasifhewereachild．4．搬进来之后，他们发现并非两个房间都没装空调。Whentheymovedin，theyfoundthatbothroomswerenotairconditioned.5．从他说的话来看，他是一个明智的人。Judgingfrom/bywhathesaid,heisawiseman.B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·“四省八校”第二次教学质量检测)FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多样性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”．Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals，and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen，ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased，mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople，”ThomasLovejoy，anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“The\noverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71，497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2019，upfrom39，194inthesameperiodin2018，INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre，aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo，toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest，whosedegradation(恶化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined，buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil'sborders，reachingPeruvian，ParaguayanandBolivianregions.【语篇解读】　科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性。今年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Increasing.　B．Relieving.C．Ignoring.　　　D．Improving.B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，大片的热带雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们吸收热量，而不是将热量反射回大气中；此外，热带雨林还储存二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的二氧化碳被释放。由此可知，热带雨林能够减轻气候变化带来的影响。故可推知画线词的含义与“relieving”的含义相近，故选B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAntónio'swords?A．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.B．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.C．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.D．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中Thomas所说的话“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople”以及António所说的话“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity”可知，Thomas认为任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和人们的威胁，António\n认为在全球气候危机的情况下，我们承担不起氧气和生物多样性的主要来源(即亚马逊雨林)被更多破坏的后果。由此可推知，两人意在表明，雨林大火导致了严重的后果。故选B。]【干扰项分析】　根据上述分析可知，两人并没有强调生物多样性成就了雨林的独特性，故A项表述错误。3．WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?A．Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.B．Toshowthereasonforforestfires.C．Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D．Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent”可推知，第四段列举数字是为了说明，亚马逊雨林由于森林火灾的影响，其面积减少了一些。故选D。]4．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.B．Theforestareasareonthedecline.C．“Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.D．Theworld'secosystemisunderattack.C　[主旨大意题。文章第一段为文章的总述部分，表明本年席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性；第二至第五段介绍了亚马逊雨林火灾对生物多样性以及森林面积等的影响，其中第四段又突出强调亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。由此可知C项符合题意。]B(2020·哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模)Maybeyoutakevitaminsregularlysupportingbrainpower，orstockuponthesefoodsthatboostbrainhealth.ButnewguidelinesfromtheAmericanAcademyofNeurology(AAN)suggestthere'ssomethingbetteryoucandotokeepyourmindsharp.Aquarterofadultsaged80to84experiencemildcognitive(认知的)impairment，accordingtoAAN.Toaddressthewidespreadproblem，agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimer's(阿尔茨海默症)specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline—andyoumightbesurprisedbywhattheyincludedandwhattheydidn't.Surprisingly，theAANguidelinesdon'tincludeanymedication(药物)ordietaryrecommendations.Theauthorsstressthattherehaven'tbeenanyhighquality，long\ntermstudiesfindingfoodsormedicationcanhelpcognitivedecline.Theguidelinesalsosaydoctorscanconsidersuggestingcognitivetrainingtopatientswithmemorylossbutnotrelyonit.Atthepresenttime，thereport'sauthorssaytheevidenceistooinconclusivetosayforsureifbrainexercises，likememoryandattentiontrainingorproblemsolvingforeverydayissuesassociatedwithmemoryloss，arebeneficial.Still，thesemorningbrainexercisescan'tdoanyharm.Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines:Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline.Onestudyshowedadultswithmildcognitiveimpairmentwhodidresistancetrainingtwiceaweekscoredbetteronexecutivefunctionandassociativememoryteststhanagroupthatworkedonbalancing，stretching，andrelaxing.What'smore，anotherstudyhadolderadultsattendeitherbiweeklyhealthclassesorsessionsofaerobics，strengthtraining，balanceexercises，andmultitaskingtraining.Sixmonthslater，theoneswho'dexercisedregularlyscoredbetteroncognitivehealthandmemorytests，andhadlessbrainshrinkage.AANnowrecommendsdoctorstellpatientswithmemorylosstoexercisetwiceaweektokeeptheirmindssharp.Thisisthebesttimetoexerciseifyouwanttoimproveyourmemory.Itlookslikeyou'vegotjustonemorereasontocleartimeinyourscheduleforaworkout—evenifit'sonlyontheweekends.【语篇解读】　研究发现，每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impairment”inParagraph2referto?A．Error.B．Decline.C．Development.　　　　D．Presence.B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“Toaddressthewidespreadproblem，agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimer's(阿尔茨海默症)specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline”可知，为了解决这个普遍性的问题，一群神经病学家和阿尔茨海默症专家仔细琢磨现有的研究来明确预防和治疗认知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，画线词应与decline词义相近，故选B。]6．ANNmaybeuncertainabout________．A．strengthtrainingB．resistancetrainingC．exercisingtwiceaweekD．morningbrainexercises\nD　[细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，报告的作者说目前还没有确凿的证据来确定大脑锻炼是否有益。故D项符合题意。]7．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A．DailyexercisesarebeneficialtoAlzheimer's.B．TheAANguidelinesattachimportancetoworkouts.C．MedicationisofsignificanceintheANNguidelines.D．Stockinguponvitaminssupportingbrainpowermeansnothing.B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines：Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN认为每周锻炼两次可以改善认知衰退并建议医生让丧失记忆的病人每周锻炼两次以保持大脑的敏锐。据此可知，AAN重视锻炼，故B项正确。]【干扰项分析】　A项中的“Dailyexercises”(每天锻炼)不符合文意；根据第一段的内容可知，作者并没有完全否定服用维生素，只是说有更好的方法来保持大脑的敏锐，故D项错误。8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Exercise.　B．Entertainment.C．Science.　　　D．Health.D　[文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句为全文的主旨句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新发现——每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍；据此可推知，本文的主题为健康，故D项正确。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·贵阳市适应性考试一)DuringtheoutbreakofCOVID19，theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasofferedbasicprotectivemeasurestothepublicagainstthevirus.Washhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwateroruseanalcoholbasedwaterfreehandsanitizinggelifyourhandsarenotvisiblydirty.12．Ifyousneezeorcoughintoyourhands，youmaycontaminate(污染)objectsorpeoplethatyoutouch.Throwthetissueimmediatelyintoaclosedbinandcleanhandswithalcoholbasedwaterfreehandsanitizinggelorsoapandwater.Keepatleastonemeterdistancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople，particularlythosewhoarecoughing，sneezingandhaveafever，becausecoughsorsneezesofpeoplewhoareinfectedwitharespiratory(呼吸的)diseaseproject(喷射)smalldropscontainingthevirus.3．Avoidtouchingyoureyes，noseandmouthbecausehandstouchmanysurfaces，which\ncanbecontaminatedwiththevirus.Ifyoutouchyoureyes，noseormouthwithyourcontaminatedhands，youcantransferthevirusfromthesurfacetoyourself.Tellyourhealthcareproviderifyouhavebeentoanareawheretheepidemichasbeenreported，orifyouhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewhohasrespiratorysymptoms.Practicegeneralhygienemeasureswhenvisitingliveanimalmarkets，wetmarketsoranimalproductmarkets.4．Avoidcontactwithpotentiallycontaminatedanimalwasteorfluidsonthesoilorstructuresofshopsandmarketfacilities.5．Handlerawmeat，milk，oranimalorganscarefullytoavoidcrosscontaminationwithuncookedfood.A．AvoideatinganimalproductsB．Ifyouaretooclose，youcanbreatheinthevirusC．Thishelpsknowthevirusifit'sonyourhandsD．AvoideatingraworundercookedanimalproductsE．Thishelpsremovethevirusifit'sonyourhandsF．StrictlyavoidanycontactwithotheranimalsinthemarketG．Coveryourmouthandnosewithatissuewhencoughingandsneezing【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了世界卫生组织给公众提供的预防新冠肺炎的基本措施。1．E　[本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了要勤洗手，又结合语境可知，本空讲的应是勤洗手的好处，故E项符合语境。]2．G　[根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，本空是中心句。本段主要讲了咳嗽和打喷嚏时人们应该采取的措施，故G项符合语境，概括该段内容。]3．B　[本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了与他人要保持的距离以及这样做的原因，故本空讲的应该是这样做的好处，或不这样做的话可能会存在的风险，所以B项符合语境。]4．F　[分析本段内容可知，本段主要讲了人们去市场时应该采取的通用卫生措施；空后讲的是避免接触商店或市场里可能被污染的动物废物或液体，故F项符合语境。]5．D　[本空是中心句。本段主要讲了人们应认真地处理生肉、奶或动物器官以避免生食导致的交叉污染，故D项与本段内容相符，所以选D项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·深圳市普通高中统一测试)Whenyoureadabook，you'veprobablynoticedthatabrandnewbookhasaratherspecialsmell，1．________differsfromthatofanolderbook.Wheredoes2．________comefrom?Therearethreesources—thepaper，theinkandtheglue.TheChinesefirstproducedpaper，oneofthegreatest3．________(invent)inthe\nworld.Itismade4．________wood.Thewoodmustbeprocessedwithvariouschemicals5．________(add)tochangeitsstructure，toremoveacidandtowhitenthepaper.Thencomestheink—therearemanykinds.Somefadewithtime，whileothersget6．________(dark)thanyearsago.Finally，differentgluesareusedtojointhesheetstogetherandattachthecovers，whetherhardcovers7．________paperbacks.Therefore，youcansmelldifferentchemicals8．________(come)outofyournewbook.Today，theformsofbooks9．________(change)dramaticallysincethebirthofebooks.Theymightbe10．________(convenience)，butyoucan'tgiveyourcopytoothersasapresent，andtheydon'tsmellasnice.【语篇解读】　当你读一本书时，你会注意到新书会发出一种相当特别的气味，这种气味来源于纸张、墨水和粘书所使用的胶水。1．which　[考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代“aratherspecialsmell”，故填which。]2．it/that　[考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指代“aratherspecialsmell”，故用代词it或that。]3．inventions　[考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“oneof”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填inventions。]4．from　[考查介词。此处表示纸是用木材制成的，应用介词from。bemadefrom意为“由……制成”，尤在原料已完全改变，无法辨认时；bemadeof意为“用……制成”，此时原料并未改变，仍可辨认。]5．added　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词add和其逻辑主语chemicals构成动宾关系，应用其过去分词形式。]6．darker　[考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的比较级标志词“than”和语境可知，此处应用比较级。]7．or　[考查固定用法。此处表示不管是精装书还是平装书。whether...or...表示“不管……还是……”，故填or。]8．coming　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词come和其逻辑主语chemicals构成主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。]9．havechanged/havebeenchanging　[考查时态。根据该句中的“sincethebirthofebooks”可知，此处可用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作到现在已经结束；此处也可用现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续到说话时刻，可能还要继续下去。]10．convenient　[考查词性转换。“be＋形容词”构成系表结构，故填convenient。]Ⅳ.短文改错\n(2020·福建省毕业班质量检查测试)Workingonafarmwasquiteaexperience!Ourteachertoldusthathowacityfarminourneighbourhoodwaslookingforyoungpeopletohelpingwiththeanimals.Cityfarmswereagreatwayforpeopletogetamazedexperiencesofcountrylife.Wecanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandplantandeventakepartworkingonthefarm.SoIspoketotheownerofthefarm，butafewdayslaterIwaslookingafterthehorsesonthefarm.Iwasproudofmyselfwhenhehelpedayoungboytorideahorseforthefirsttime.Itrealmeantalottohim—andtome!【答案】Workingonafarmwasquiteexperience!Ourteachertoldusthatacityfarminourneighbourhoodwaslookingforyoungpeopletowiththeanimals.Cityfarmsagreatwayforpeopletogetexperiencesofcountrylife.Wecanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandandeventakepartworkingonthefarm.SoIspoketotheownerofthefarm，afewdayslaterIwaslookingafterthehorsesonthefarm.Iwasproudofmyselfwhenhelpedayoungboytorideahorseforthefirsttime.Itmeantalottohim—andtome!