陕西省高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题五 阅读理解

2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版题型技法指导专题五　阅读理解真题试做A（2012·陕西高考，A）Whatbringsanationtogether？Ofthefourchoices—sharedvalues，language，history，andreligion，it'ssharedvalues.Inourlatestpoll（民意调查），sevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactor（因素）bringinganationtogether，andsixpreferredlanguage.Bothchoicesscoredhighinthepoll，suggestingthatourvaluesandhowweexpressthemarecloselylinked.Still，historywasnotforgotteninsomecountries，particularlyinMexicoandRussia.EvenCanadaandtheUnitedStateschosenationalhistoriesasthesecondmostimportantfactorunitingtheirpeople.Thebiggestsurprise？Notonecountrypickedreligionasitstopchoice.RespectyoureldersInmostcountries，theoldestgenerationconsideredvaluesmoreimportanttoanationthandidthosewhoareunder45yearsold.DoyouspeakCanadian?LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathaninallothercountriespolled，perhapsbecausethecountryspeakstwoofficiallanguages，FrenchandEnglish.ChurchandstateMostpeoplepolleddonotconnecttheirreligiousbeliefstotheirnationalpride.Religionrankedlastin13countries—withFrancescoringitat1%，thelowestofall.1．Accordingtothepoll，whatwasthemostimportantfactorinbringinganationtogether?-27-\nA．Language.　　　　　　　B．Values.C．History.D．Religion.2．Inwhichcountrydidlanguagescorethelowestintheirnationalpride?A．Canada.B．Mexico.C．France.D．America.3．Accordingtothecharts，sharedvaluesandlanguagewereconsideredequallyimportantin______.A．AustraliaB．BrazilC．ChinaD．IndiaB（2012·陕西高考，B）ThreeBoysandaDadBradclosedthedoorslowlyasSuelefthometovisithermother.Expectingawholedaytorelax，hewasthinkingwhethertoreadthenewspaperorwatchhisfavouriteTVtalkshowonhisfirstdayoffinmonths.“Thiswillbelikeawalkinthepark，”he'dtoldhiswife.“I'lllookafterthekids，andyoucangovisityourmom.”Thingsstartedwell，butjustaftereighto'clock，histhreelittle“goodkids”—Mike，Randy，andAlex—camedownthestairsintheirnightclothesandshouted“breakfast，daddy.”Whenfoodhadnotappearedwithinthirtyseconds，RandybeganusinghisspoononAlex'sheadasifitwereadrum.Alexstartedtoshoutloudlyintimetothebeat（节拍）．Mikechanted“Where'smytoast，where'smytoast”inthebackground.Bradrealisedhisnewspaperwouldhavetowaitforafewseconds.Lifebecameworseafterbreakfast.MikeworeRandy'sunderwearonhishead.Randylockedhimselfinthebathroom，whileAlexshoutedagainbecausehewasgoingtowethispants.Nobodycouldfindcleansocks，althoughtheywerebeforetheirveryeyes.Someonenamed“NotMe”hadspilledawholeglassoforangejuiceintothebasketofcleanclothes.Bradknewthetalkshowhadalreadystarted.Byteno'clock，thingswereoutofcontrol.Alexwaswonderingwhythefishinthejarrefusedhisbreadandbutter.Mikewastryingtoshowoffhistalentbydecoratingthekitchenwallwithhiscolourpencils.Randy，thankfully，appearedtobereadingquietlyinthefamilyroom，butcloserexaminationshowedthathewaseatingapplejamstraightfromthebottlewithhishands.Bradrealisedthatthetalkshowwasoverandreadingwouldbeimpossible.Atexactly11：17，Bradcalledthedaycarecentre（日托所）．“Isuddenlyhavetogointoworkandmywife'saway.CanIbringtheboysoverinafewminutes？”Theanswerwasobviously“yes”becauseBradwassmiling.4．Whenhiswifelefthome，Bradexpectedto______.A．gooutforawalkintheparkB．watchTVtalkshowwithhischildrenC．enjoyhisfirstdayoffworkD．readthenewspapertohischildren5．WhichofthefollowingdidRandydo?A．Drawingonthewall.B．Eatingapplejam.C．Feedingthefish.D．Readinginaroom.6．WhydidBradaskthedaycarecentreforhelp?A．Becausehewantedtocleanuphishouse.B．Becausehesuddenlyhadtogotohisoffice.C．Becausehefoundithardtomanagehisboys.D．Becausehehadtotakehiswifebackhome.-27-\n7．Thistextisdeveloped______.A．byspaceB．bycomparisonC．byprocessD．bytimeC（2012·陕西高考，C）Eatingtoomuchfattyfood，exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately：theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure（暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblems，buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke（中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch，scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants（污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）considerstobeof“moderate”（良好）qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However，itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.8．Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween______.A．heartproblemsandairqualityB．heartproblemsandexercisingC．heartproblemsandsmokingD．heartproblemsandfattyfood9．Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans______.A．relativelyhighB．extremelylowC．relativelylowD．extremelyhigh10．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B．TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C．Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking.D．Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.11．Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto______.A．informB．persuadeC．describeD．entertainD（2012·陕西高考，D）Springiscoming，anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough，sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing，ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus，buttheworkplacemaynot.Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos（纹身）noserings，orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，yetpeopledo“cover”themselvesinordertoconvey（传递）certainmessages.Whatwewear，includingtattoosandnoserings，isanexpressionofwhoweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeirappearances，sodocompanies.Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons，but-27-\nthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatcustomersaccept.Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom，butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheiremployees（雇员），becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwellqualifiedcandidates，soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopenminded，Ican'texpectallourcustomersare.Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplybecauseheorsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards，aslongasitsstandardsarelegal.12．Whichofthefollowingisthenewspapereditor'sopinionaccordingtoParagraph2?A．People'sappearancescarrymessagesaboutthemselves.B．Customers'choicesinfluencedressstandardsincompanies.C．Candidateswithtattoosornoseringsshouldbefairlytreated.D．Strangedressstylesshouldnotbeencouragedintheworkplace.13．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Candidateshavetowearwhatcompaniespreferforaninterview.B．Whattowearisnotamatterofpersonalchoiceforcompanies.C．Companiessometimeshavetochangetorespecttheircandidates.D．Hiringmanagersmakethebestimpressionontheircandidates.14．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EmployeesMatterB．PersonalChoicesMatterC．AppearancesMatterD．HiringManagersMatter15．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstrangedressstylesintheworkplacemaybestbedescribedas______.A．enthusiasticB．negativeC．positiveD．sympathetic考向分析分析近几年高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：1．选材真实，题材、体裁多样材料大多为时文，与社会日常生活息息相关，情景真实、明确，具有浓厚的时代气息。这种关注实际生活的选材特点已呈现出明显的增强趋势。题材多样化，信息丰富，包括日常生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、新闻、史地、人物传记等等；体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。2011～2012年高考陕西卷阅读理解文体与题材统计：2010文体应用文报道记叙文议论文题材人脑疑问纽约救落水儿童生活在1900年的房子的感受电子垃圾信息2011文体广告人物传记记叙文议论文题材介绍订票及优惠情况居里夫的大女儿Irene梦想和努力转基因2012文体广告记叙文说明文议论文题材着装问题-27-\n民族凝聚力因素调查父亲与三个孩子呼吸空气对人健康的影响2．阅读量大、信息丰富考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量和信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和十分开阔的思维空间。3．语篇结构复杂阅读材料在保留了其原有的语言风格基础上，加大了语篇结构的难度。作者在阐述问题时使用了多种语篇的手段和修辞方法，文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几次才能读懂。4．语言难度较大具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定量的生词以及替代和省略手段的运用上。简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。5．题型设置合理设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势，不仅考查对文中特定信息的理解和把握，还涉及文章的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题。2011～2012年陕西阅读理解题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主。总的来说，2012年高考阅读理解试题维系了以往一贯的命题风格，难度也和以往保持一致，生词数量控制合理。文章在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性相结合，信息量大，题材与体裁广泛的特点。答题步骤1．快速浏览，掌握大意。快速浏览，抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构。浏览时不要急于做题，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握文章大意和中心思想，了解文章全貌。同时通览题目，研究题目要求及选项，弄清问题所指。有的问题是针对文章中的一句话设计的，有的是针对一段话所陈述的事实设计的，有的是针对整篇文章设计的。对所提问题做到心中有数，为下一步阅读做好针对性的准备。2．细读全文，找准信息。抓住文章大意、明确解题的目标后，带着问题仔细阅读文章。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中的有关信息词和信息句，推敲其中的关键词语，结合上下文把握语句的含义，排除文中不存在、片面或不合逻辑的选项，作出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难的原则，对于比较明显的，有把握的题可立刻作出选择；对于难题，要在文章中仔细查阅，认真琢磨，找出确凿的依据，运用逻辑推理，准确选出符合要求的最佳答案。3．复读检查，验证答案。答案选出之后，快速阅读原文，重点放在与题目有关的词语、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难的题目，要对照原文与选项，看看是否一致，是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。技法指导历年的高考阅读理解试题，基本上可分为四类题目：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。1．细节理解题①细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTincluded/mentionedinthepassage?（2）Whichofthefollowing（sentences/statements）isNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?-27-\n（3）Accordingtothepassage，allofthefollowingaretrueexcept/but______.（4）Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept______.（5）Inthepassage，theauthorstatesthat______.（6）Accordingtothepassage，when（where，why，how，who，etc.）．..（7）Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.（8）Whichofthefollowingmaps/diagramsgivestherightpositionof...?（9）Whichofthedrawingsbelowgivesanideaof...?②细节理解题解题策略▲直接信息题细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落或语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。如：（2012·北京高考，A篇）TheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics，aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra（代数）andbeyond.ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents（指数），theorderofoperations，andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations，studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork，howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics，andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically....56．WhatdoesthecourseBasicMathmainlycover?A．Algebra.B．CollegeMathematics.C．Arithmetic.D．MathematicsEducation.剖析：根据第二段第一句“ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.”可知，BasicMath课程主要涵盖代数的基础知识。C项正确。▲间接信息题变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时习惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。如：（2012·课标全国高考，C篇）Weallstoodatthefarendofthestudioasworkmenpreparedthescene，settinguptreesattheedgeofawindingpath.Verysoon，brightlightswereturnedonandthebigmoviecamerawaswheeledintoposition.Thedirectorshoutedsomethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamousactorsnearby.Sinceitwashotinthestudio，itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.Abigfanbeganblowingtinywhitefeathersdownonhim，andsoonthetreeswerecoveredin“snow”．Twomorefanswereturnedon，anda“strongwind”blewthroughthetrees.Thepicturelookedsorealthatitmadeusfeelcold.65．Whatmadetheauthorfeelcold?A．Theheavysnowfall.B．Themanmadescene.C．Thelowtemperature.D．Thefilmbeingshown.-27-\n剖析：根据该段最后可知，拍摄电影时，要通过大电扇人为制造出漫天飞雪、寒风呼啸的场景，非常逼真，以至于使人感到寒冷。由此可知B项正确。▲事实细节排序题此类试题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对上面的事实进行排序。要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。考生可以先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，再找出最后一个发生的，即采用“首尾”定位法，采用排除法将范围缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。▲数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容。此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题一般涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的计算。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确答案。如：（2012·四川高考，B篇）Theofferisoftwokinds：￡20perroom，pernight，valid（有效的）duringstayperiodof02/04/2012—31/05/2012andthenagain01/09/2012—31/10/2012；￡35perroom，pernight，validduringstayperiodof01/06/2012—31/08/2012.46．HowmuchshouldbepaidforatwonightstayinOctober2012atachosenB&B?A．￡70.　　　　　　B．￡40.C．￡35.D．￡30.剖析：根据该段第一句知，在2012年9月1日至10月31日期间，一晚上20英镑，两晚上应是40英镑，所以B项正确。▲图表细节题这类题旨在考查学生的形象思维能力，根据材料进行空间想象的能力。图形识别题，通常有地图、人体实物、统计表等三种形式：简易地图——考查考生方位感；人体实物图——考查考生根据文字叙述进行形象再造能力；仪器仪表统计图——考查考生基本的读图、读数、读表能力。图表题一般会涉及文章内容的核心，解对此类题会大大提升对整篇文章的理解。解题时，针对图表差异的地方，查找原文相应细节。对该细节进行正确合理的理解，不曲解。这是解此类题的核心。2．推理判断题①推理判断题常见的命题方式有以下几种：（1）Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.（2）Wecaninferfromthe（first/last）passagethat______.（3）Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______.（4）Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.（5）Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat______.（6）Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat______.（7）Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______.（8）Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageis______.（9）Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support______.（10）What'stheauthor'sattitude/view/point______？（11）Howdoestheauthorfeelabout______？（12）Intheauthor'sopinion，______.②推理判断题解题策略▲写作意图推测题此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型不仅要求考生能理解文章的内容，而且还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及写作手法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如：（2012·辽宁高考，C篇）IfConfucius（孔子）werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28-27-\nbirthdaywithabigcake，therewouldbealotofcandles.He'dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.64．Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto______.A．providesomekeyfactsaboutConfuciusB．attractthereaders'interestinthesubjectC．showgreatrespectfortheancientthinkerD．provethepopularityofmodernbirthdaycelebrations剖析：第一段假设如果孔子还活着庆祝自己生日的话，他需要借助强风来帮他吹灭生日蜡烛。由此可知，本段的作用是为了引起读者对所谈话题的兴趣，所以选择B项。▲态度、观点判断题作者的态度、思想倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不决，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措词。如：（2012·福建高考，C篇）...CallnowandreceiveaFREEgiftwhenyouorder.TryJitterbugfor30daysandifyoudon'tloveit，justreturnit！Whywait，theJitterbugcomesreadytouserightoutofthebox.Ifyouaren'tashappywithitasIam，youcanreturnitandgetyourmoneyback.Callnow，theJitterbugproductexpertsarereadytoansweryourquestions.Call18888098794orvisitwww.jitterbugdirect.com.66．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A．tellacustomer'sstoryofJitterbugB．providetwowaystoorderJitterbugC．giveabriefintroductionofJitterbugD．attractpotentialcustomerstoJitterbug剖析：由整篇文章，尤其是短文最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是推销Jitterbug手机，所以选择D项。▲逻辑结论及预测想象推断题逻辑结论型试题的特点是考查考生的逻辑思维及判断能力，要求考生根据文章提供的细节，推断出合乎逻辑的内容。解答此类题考生首先要找出短文的主题，然后按题意要求进行推断。预测想象型试题考查的内容一般在文章中没有明确说明，因此考生要根据语篇，把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局或后文可能涉及的内容以及上文的内容进行科学的、合理的预测。如：（2012·湖北高考，E篇）Brrriiinnng.Thealarmclockannouncesthestartofanotherbusyweekdayinthemorning.Youjumpoutofbed，rushintotheshower，intoyourclothesandoutthedoorwithhardlyamomenttothink.Astressfuljourneytoworkgetsyourbloodpressureclimbing.Onceattheoffice，youglancethroughthenewspaperwithdepressingstoriesorreportsofdisasters.Inthatsortofmood，whocangetdowntowork，particularlysomecreative，originalproblemsolvingwork?68．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?A．Theyaresolutionproviders.B．Theyareasourceofinspiration.C．Theyarenormallyfullofbadnews.D．Theyaremoreeducationalthanwebsites.剖析：根据第一段倒数第二句中“...thenewspaperwithdepressingstoriesorreportsofdisasters.”可判断，作者暗示报纸上总是充斥着不好的消息。3．主旨大意题①主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：-27-\n（1）Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis______.（2）Thepassage（orthefirstparagraph）ismainlyabout______.（3）Whatisthemainidea/topic/purpose/subjectofthepassage?（4）Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?（5）Thepassagechieflydiscusses/dealswith______.（6）Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?（7）Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______.（8）Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?（9）What'sthebest/mostsuitabletitleofthistext/passage?②主旨大意题解题策略▲主题句在文首在说明文、议论文和新闻报道类文体中多采用开头点明主题的方式。因此，要寻找此类文章的主旨大意就要对文章的开头段倍加关注。如：（2012·湖南高考，B篇）Stillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak？Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege....65．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Someplacesforweekendbreak.B．Awaytobecomecreativeinart.C．Thecolourfullifeinthecountryside.D．UnknownstoriesofCambridgeUniversity.剖析：根据文章首句“Stillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak?Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege”可知，这三则广告都是提供给周末休闲无处可去的大学生的。故A项正确。▲主题句在文尾部分文章通篇叙事或者议论，直至文章最后才对全文做结论性概括，阐述主旨。此类文章的主旨在文章结尾才能得以体现。▲主题句贯穿全文部分文章通篇没有明显的主题句，隐约体现主旨指向，对此类文章就需要我们认真领会每段话题，然后对各段大意加以归纳和概括，得出文章的主旨。如：（2012·浙江高考，D篇）Asayoungboy，Isometimestraveledthecountryroadswithmydad.Hewasaruralmailcarrier，andonSaturdayshewouldaskmetogowithhim.Drivingthroughthecountrysidewasalwaysanadventure：Therewereanimalstosee，peopletovisit，andchocolatecookiesifyouknewwheretostop，andDaddid....Forme，justknowingthatstoryaboutmyfatherwasthegiftofalifetime.60．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheMailB．ChristmasLettersC．SpecialMailboxesD．MemorableTravels剖析：文章主要讲述了作者的父亲，一个普通邮递员的感人故事。文章中，mail，mailboxes，letters等关键词不断出现，所以用TheMail作标题更能突出父亲的职业特点以及他用邮件传达给人们的无私的爱和帮助。故A项正确。▲文（段）首、文（段）尾主题句。此类文章在引出段首主题句的同时，又在段尾使用不同的句型和词汇，重复段首主题句所阐述的内容，再一次强调主旨大意，并略有引申和侧重，即首尾呼应的写作方法。如：（2012·全国卷Ⅱ，C篇）Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsand-27-\nrelationships.Forexample，inAmericanculture（文化）thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses....Ourfacesshowemotions（情感），butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture....ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits，wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.52．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CulturalDifferencesB．SmilesandRelationshipsC．FacialExpressivenessD．HabitsandEmotions剖析：通过本文三段的段首句都谈及人们的面部表情可知，本文的中心和标题应该与人的面部表情有关，所以C项正确。4．词义猜测题①词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种：（1）Theword“...”inthepassagemeans______.（2）Theword“...”couldbebestreplacedby______.（3）Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto______.（4）Theword“...”probablyrefersto______.（5）Accordingtothepassage，theword“...”isknownas______.②词义猜测题解题策略▲根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释跟在生词的后面，由or或破折号引出，因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义，生词的含义也就清楚了。释义部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是列举的句子。在做这类题时，要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语，在句中多用逗号（，）、破折号（——）、冒号（：）、分号（；）等来连接。如：（2012·福建高考，E篇）Butholidaysareexpensiveand，forthoseonlowwagesorlivingonbenefits，theyareoftenunobtainable.Eventhecheapestholidaysrequiretravelandotheradditionalcoststhataredifficultformanyfamiliestomeet.72．Theunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“______”．A．environmentsB．holidaysC．wagesD．benefits剖析：they应指代前面提到的名词，其前只有三个名词holidays，wages和benefits，而wages和benefits是用来叙述前面的those的情况的，因此本句中的they指代前面的句子的主语holidays。句意：但是假期是昂贵的，对于那些工资低或靠救济金生活的人们来说，假期通常是很难得到的。所以B项正确。▲根据搭配、对比关系猜测词义有时分析句子结构，辨别句子成分，分清搭配关系，是判断词义的前提，通过搭配关系得以确定画线名词指代的对象是人还是物。另外，转折词but，让步条件状语从句以及unlike，inspiteof，despite，however等一些介词和副词都可以构成意义上的对比关系。如：（2012·山东高考，C篇）Itdidn'ttakelongbeforereportsofsquirrelsusingthebridgestarted.Squirrelswereevenseenguidingtheiryoungandteaching_them_the_ropes.Thestorywaspicked-27-\nupbythemedia，andNuttyNarrowsbecameknowninnewspapersallovertheworld.69．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“teachingthemtheropes”probablymeaninthetext?A．Passingthemarope.B．Directingthemtostorefoodforwinter.C．Teachingthemalesson.D．Showingthemhowtousethebridge.剖析：该段的前两句主要介绍了松鼠慢慢适应过桥，并能看到松鼠教小松鼠们怎样过桥。其中，guidingtheiryoung和teachingthemtheropes为并列成分，都是松鼠教导小松鼠们怎样过桥的方法，所以D项正确。▲利用构词法猜词（1）根据前缀猜测词义例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononcoeducationalorsinglesexschools?根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出coeducational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”。（2）根据后缀猜测词义例如：It'saquiet，comfortablehoteloverlooking（俯瞰）thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint.后缀ise/ize意思是“使成为……，使……化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是：“未被商业化的”。（3）根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Welldesignedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.Welldesigned或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well（好，优秀）和design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremassproducedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis，mostpeoplethinkthatcraft（手艺）nolongerexists.根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推测massproduce的意思是：“大批量生产，规模生产”的意思。▲根据上下文信息判断词义根据上下文信息猜测词义题占此类题的绝大部分，做题时既要注意画线词前的信息，也要注意画线词后的信息，有时有参考价值的信息面会延伸到上下段落中。如：（2012·课标全国高考，A篇）Tryhandson_science.Visitoneofthemanyhandsonsciencemuseumsaroundthecountry.Thesescienceplaylandsaregreatfunforkidsandgrownupsalike.They'llkeepyourchildmentallyandphysicallyactivethewholedaythroughwhilepushingbuttons，experimenting，andbuilding.Wheneveryoneistired，enjoyafunfamilyscienceshow，commonlyfoundinthesemuseums.58．Whatdoes“handsonscience”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Sciencegamesdesignedbykids.B．Learningsciencebydoingthings.C．Ashowofkids'sciencework.D．Readingsciencebooks.剖析：由“Tryhandsonscience”部分倒数第二句中的“...whilepushingbuttons，experimenting，andbuilding”可知，在这个博物馆里，孩子和成年人都可以动手操作。所以handsonscience是指“通过做事情学习科学”。B项正确。▲根据常识判断词义根据常识知识猜测词义时，要注意“度”，即：要在忠于原文信息的前提下，适当借助经验和常识来猜测词义，不能脱离原文中的实际进行夸大的猜测。如：（2012·辽宁高考，B篇）-27-\nAstronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday'swork.ThistypeofscheduleisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）．ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail，internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences.60．Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Find.B．Copy.C．Change.D．Lose.剖析：根据“...theydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible”可知，他们练习模仿他们在地球上的生活方式，所以B项正确。误区警示1．细节理解题易错点如：（2012·上海高考，A篇）PhilWhitehasjustreturnedfroman18,000mile，aroundtheworldbicycletrip.Whitehadtworeasonsformakingthisepicjourney.Firstofall，hewantedtousethetriptoraisemoneyforcharity，whichhedid.Heraised￡70,000fortheBritishcharity，Oxfam.White'ssecondreasonformakingthetripwastobreaktheworldrecordandbecomethefastestpersontocyclearoundtheworld.Heisstillwaitingtofindoutifhehasbrokentherecordornot.WhitesetofffromTrafalgarSquare，inLondon，on19thJune2004andwasback299dayslater.Hespentmorethan1,300hoursinthesaddle（车座）anddestroyedfoursetsoftyresandthreebikechains.HehadtheadventureofhislifecrossingEurope，theMiddleEast，India，Asia，Australia，NewZealandandtheAmericas.Amazingly，hedidallofthiswithabsolutelynosupportteam.Nojeepcarryingfood，waterandmedicine.Nodoctor.Nothing!Justabikeandavery，verylongroad.Thejourneywaslonelyanddesperateattimes.Healsohadtofighthiswayacrossdeserts，throughjunglesandovermountains.Hecycledthroughheavyrainsandtemperaturesofupto45degrees，alltohelppeopleinneed.Therewereotherdangersalongtheroad.InIran，hewaschasedbyarmedrobbersandwasluckytoescapewithhislifeandthelittlemoneyhehad.TheworstthingthathappenedtohimwashavingtocycleintoaheadwindonaroadthatcrossesthesouthofAustralia.For1,000kilometreshebattledagainstthewindthatwasconstantlypushinghim.Thispartofthetripwasslow，hardworkanddepressing，buthemadeitintheend.NowMr.Whiteisbackandintendstowriteabookabouthisadventures.65．WhenPhilWhitereturnedfromhistrip，he______.A．broketheworldrecordB．collectedmoneyforOxfamC．destroyedseveralbikesD．travelledabout1,300hours【错混透析】根据文章第一段中的“Heraised￡70,000fortheBritishcharity，Oxfam.”可知，他为该慈善基金会筹集了七万英镑。根据第二段中的“WhitesetofffromTrafalgarSquare，inLondon，on19thJune2004andwasback299dayslater.”可知，他历时299天才成功返回。而1,300小时是他骑自行车的时间，所以排除D项。根据第一段中“Heisstillwaitingtofindoutifhehasbrokentherecordornot.”可知他不知自己是否已打破世界纪录，排除A项。根据第二段可以得知他骑坏了四套车胎和三条车链子，但并未提及整个自行车，所以排除C项。B项正确。【解题指导】细节理解题常见错误类型：-27-\n（1）张冠李戴。把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。或者是选项的答案并非是题干中主语的行为或观点，而是文中其他人物的行为或观点。（2）扩缩范围。英语文章为了表达准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almostall，nearly，morethan，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。（3）无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。此外，干扰项也可能就是与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。（4）偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。（5）文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。2．推理判断题易错点如：（2012·北京高考，D篇）Wilderness“Inwilderness（荒野）isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection：whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout，thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild，theuntouched;morethananythingelse，theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong，andthedangerexploitation（开发）bringstosuchlandscapes（景观）isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests，forexample，storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven，these“ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation....67．JohnSauvenholdsthat______.A．manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB．exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulC．wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD．theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong【错混透析】根据第二段中的“...thedangerexploitation（开发）bringstosuchlandscapes（景观）isreal.”以及最后一句“ToMr.Sauven，these‘ecosystemservices’faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.”可以看出，Mr.Sauven认为这种“生态系统服务”已经远远超出了开荒的收获，所以他认为开荒是有害处的。B项正确。【解题指导】推理判断题常见错误类型：（1）未经推断。把文章中已经明确介绍或说明的内容误以为推理判断的结论。（2）凭空想象。凭主观想象或自己的常识理解文章中的细节，而不是凭借文章信息进行推理，缺乏文章信息的支持。（3）断章取义。能够找到文章的信息依据，但理解片面，缺乏思维的严密性。3．主旨大意题易错点如：（2012·山东高考，A篇）ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes....56．Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.B．Togiveawarningtoothercountries.-27-\nC．Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D．Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.【错混透析】文章第一段提到瑙鲁（岛）前后的变化以及该段最后一句“...othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知，作者的写作目的是引发其他国家对该岛的重视，以示警示。B项正确。【解题指导】主旨大意题常见错误类型：（1）以偏概全。要么抓不住文章的主题、脉络，理解偏离中心或断章取义、信息紊乱、不知所云，要么就是误把细节或具体事实当作文章的主题或只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。（2）范围过大。归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。干扰项归纳、概括笼统，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。（3）主观臆断。做题时全凭自我感觉先入为主、自以为是。所选的答案往往超出文章的内容或背离作者的意图，以自己的观点代替作者的观点。（4）繁琐冗长。不注意文章标题的特点，所选答案语言不够精练、精彩、吸引人。4．词义猜测题易错点如：（2012·浙江高考，A篇）Easter（复活节）isstillagreatdayforworship，candyinbasketsandrunningaroundtheyardfindingeggs，buteveryyearitgetsquiteabitworseforbunnies.Andno，notbecausethekidsliketopulltheirears.Theculpritisclimatechange，andsomeresearchersfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarehavingharmfuleffectsonatleastfivespeciesofrabbitintheUS.42．Theword“culprit”（Paragraph2）isclosestinmeaningto______.A．criminalB．judgeC．victimD．producer【错混透析】根据画线单词所在的句子可知，由于气候的变化，不断上升的温度至少对五种兔子产生有害的影响。可见，该词大意为“罪魁祸首”。A项正确。【解题指导】词义猜测题常见错误类型：（1）望文生义。仅仅理解了单词或短语的字面意义，而忽略了其真实的内在意义。（2）缺乏依据。忽视画线词语所处的特定语境和上下文的信息提示。一、社会文化、生活故事类ATheprofessorheardalightknockonhisdoor.BackinCanada，healwayslefthisofficedoorslightlyopenwhenhewasintheoffice，butitwasn'tcommonhereinChina.Hisuniversityhadgivenhimabigmodernoffice，afreeapartmentclosetothecampus，andagoodsalary.Thatwastherewardforteachinginaruralarea.Hisstudentsweren'tthebest，butmanyofthemwereveryappreciative.They'doftengivehimgiftstoshowtheirappreciation：chocolates，sandwiches，cookiesandevenwhiskey.Heopenedthedoorandwelcomedthestudentintohisoffice.Thestudentwasn'toneofhisbest，buthetriedhardandwasneverabsentfromclass.ThestudentwasnotanEnglishmajor，butseemedreallyeagertoimprovehisEnglish.Theprofessorwasalittlesurprisedtoseehimbecausehisstudentsdidn'tvisitveryoftenandthisstudenthadnevervisitedhimbefore.Hecouldseethatthestudentappearedtobeveryexcited，buthehadnoideawhy.ThestudentwantedtoshowhimhisTOEICscore.TheTestofEnglishforInternationalCommunicationwasaveryimportanttestinChina.Infact，manyemployersrequiredaminimumTOEICscoreforjobapplicants.Thehighestpossiblescorewas990andmanyemployersdemandedascoreof800orhigher.TheTOEIClisteningandreadingtestwasdividedequallyintotwo-27-\nparts：495forlisteningand495forreading.Theprofessorlookeddownatthestudent'stestscore.Theresultwasabigsurprise.Thelisteningscorewas330andreadingwas295foracombinedtotalof625.Expectingtoseeamuchhigherscore，theprofessorwasn'tquitesurewhattosay.Shouldhecongratulatethestudentonhisscore？ShouldhejustthankhimforsharingtheTOEICresultwithhim?Sensingtheprofessor'shesitation，thestudentinterjected，“Youdon'tunderstand.BeforeItookyourclassIcouldn'tspeakEnglish.Ihadnoconfidence.ButnowIcanspeak.Thankyouforeverything.”Nowtheprofessorunderstood.He'dmadearealdifferenceinthelifeofthisstudentandthestudentjustwantedtoshowhisappreciation.Theprofessornowknewwhattosay.“You'rewelcome.I'mgladyou'vemadesomuchimprovement.Keepupthegoodwork.”Asthestudentleft，theprofessorknewthatofallthemomentsinhisteachingcareer，thiswasonehewouldneverforget.Itwasaspecialmoment，amomentwhichmadehimrealizethathecouldmakeabigdifferenceinhisstudents'lives.Withoutdoubt，hehadchosentherightprofession.1．Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A．theprofessorisnowworkinginCanadaB．thedooroftheprofessor'sofficewasclosedC．theprofessorwasn'tusedtoworkinginChinaD．thestudentsintheuniversity，thoughnotthebest，arerich2．Theunderlinedword“interjected”inPara.5canbereplacedby“______”．A．refused　　　　　　B．brokeupC．puzzledD．cutin3．Whydidthestudentcometovisittheprofessor?A．TopractiseoralEnglishwiththeprofessor.B．ToshowhisTOEICscoretotheprofessor.C．Toshowhisappreciationtotheprofessor.D．Toasktheprofessortochangehisscore.4．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Aforeignprofessor.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．AkeenEnglishlearner.D．Appreciationmakesabigdifference.BItisnotsolongagothattheextendedfamilylivedunderthesameroof.Childrengrewupknowingtheircousins，auntsanduncles，grandparents，andotherrelatives.Thesechildrenfeltconnected.Inthesenottoolongagotimespeoplewereconnectedtotheirfood.Mostpeoplegrewtheirownvegetablesandfruit.Manyfamilieshadahousecowformilk，cheese，butterandcream.Mostfamiliesalsohadmeatanimals.Whenvisitorscameunexpectedly，dadwouldkillthechickenfordinner.Everyonewasinvolvedincookingandmealtimeswereasocialevent.Whenthemealended，mostofthefamilywasinvolvedincleaningupandwashingup.Howdifferentisthesituationtoday?Thefastlifeisallaroundus—fastfood，fastcars，fastconversations，fastfamilies，fastholidays.Ourfastpacedlifehasweakenedtheseconnections.Wehavebeenfooledintothinkingweneed，orevenmustbefastandhavewhatthe“fastlife”givesus.Asaresult，stressisleadingtomanynewhealthproblems.ThesolutionistheSlowMovement.Itaimstoaddresstheissueof“timepoverty”-27-\nthroughmakingconnections.Itsupportsagrowingculturalshifttowardsslowingdown.Ithasspreadtomorethansixtycountriesandbecomeaworldwidemovement.TheSlowMovementtellsusthatweneedtoslowdownandconnectwithourlife.Weneedconnectiontopeople—ourselves，ourfamily，ourcommunity，ourfriends，—tofood，toplace（wherewelive），andtolife.BybeingpartoftheSlowMovement，manypeoplehaveknownhowtheylostconnectiontomostaspectsoftheirlifeandtothenaturalworldandrhythmsaroundthem.Andmoreimportantly，theyhavereconnected—theyhavelivedanewconnectedlifestyle.1．Thewriterimpliesthatthefamilyinthepast______.A．sharedthesimilarvalueB．livedinsmallhousesC．lackedfoodD．werebig2．Ifweareconnectedtoourfood，we______.A．buyourfoodbyourselvesB．prepareandcookourfoodbyourselvesC．eateachmealslowlyD．enjoyourmealtimeswithotherfamilymembers3．Accordingtothewriter，manypeoplehave______.A．benefitedfromfastlifeB．unwiseopinionsaboutfastlifeC．gotusedtofastlifeD．diseasescausedbyfastfood4．What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tosupportaworldwidemovement.B．Tosupporttraditionalcultures.C．Toexplainthedisadvantagesofdisconnectedlife.D．Toexplaintheimportanceofmakingaconnection.CJetswillbeforbiddentotakeofforlandacrossSouthKoreaandanxiousparentswillpraywhiletheirchildrentakeannualexamsthatcouldleadthemtooneofthecountry'stopuniversitiesandeventuallyagoodjobforlife.Aswellasprayersatchurchesandtemplesinthiscountryof50millionpeople，the690,000studentswhosittheexamsonThursdayhavebeenincreasingtheirchancesbyeatingtoffee（太妃糖），tohelptherightanswersstick，andstayingawayfrombananasandseaweed（海藻），whichmightmakethemblunderinthetests.“Ihavebeensostressedjustlookingatothermotherssendtheirchildrenofftogoodcolleges，”saidKwonJeonghee，whosesonistakingthesocalledCSATtestsforthesecondtime.KwonwasprayingattheJogyesaBuddhisttempleindowntownSeoul，whichhasheldspecialprayermeetingsforparentsofCSATexamtakers.Manyanxiousparentshavebeenprayingforweeks，ifnotmonths.“Ihaven'tallowedguestsintomyhomerecentlybecauseofsuperstitions（迷信）againststrangers，andIdon'tletmysoneatseaweedsoupbecauseitcancauseoneupset，”shesaid.Theexamsareamajoreventhere，andsocietytriestomakethingseasierforstressedstudents.Duringoraltests，jetswillbebannedfromtakingoffandlanding，anddriversareforbiddenfromsoundingtheirhorns.Policevehicleswill-27-\neventakelaterunningstudentstotheexamrooms.Eventhestock（股票）exchangewillopenanhourlatetoreducethechancethatstudentswillbecaughtintrafficonthewaytotheexams.“Themothersaremoreanxiousthanthechildren，”saidYuMiran，whohasprayeddailyatthechurchincentralSeoulforover20daysforherdaughter.Alongwithtoffee，studentsaregivenpresentsofforkstohelpthem“stab”thecorrectanswers，whiletoiletpaperisalsogoodluckasinKoreanitiscalled“pulda”，ahomonym（同音词）for“solve”．Porridgeisalsoabannedfoodfortesttakersas“cookingporridge”inKoreanisalsoslangfor“messingup”．1．Accordingtothepassage，CSATexamtakershadbettereatmore______.A．porridgeB．toffeeC．seaweedD．bananas2．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A．manyKoreanparentsaresuperstitiousB．KwonJeongheedoesn'tcareforhersonC．porridgeaffectsthenaturalgrowthofyoungpeopleD．youngpeopleusuallydon'tworryabouttheirfuture3．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsparentswhoprayfortheirchildrencouldbedescribedas______.A．negativeB．positiveC．criticalD．objective4．Theunderlinedword“blunder”inParagraph1canbestbereplacedby“______”．A．failB．sleepC．spotD．succeedDCarolWangandEmilyEllenbergerlive7,000milesapart，buttheteenagerssharemanysimilarities.Bothareattentive，determined，sociableandcomputersavvy.Yetoncetheschoolbellrings，thedifferencesbetweenthetwocollegeboundstudents'experiencesarestriking.Carol'sschoolinChinaissharplyfocusedonmathandsciences.Inonedayshetakestwomathclasses，twophysicsclassesandthreechemistryclasses.InEmily'sschoolinMaryland，interestinthesesubjectsisdwindling（变小）．MuchofEmily'sschooltimeisactive—oralexams，labworkandyearbook.InChina，Carol'steachersdeliverrotelectures，astyleknownastianya，theChinesewordforforcefeedingaduck.Emilyleavestheclassroomforfieldhockeypracticeat2：10p．m.，whileCarolsitsatherdeskforanothertwohours，interruptedonlybyaclassinphysicaleducation.Butattheendoftheday，whichstudentissmarter？Whichsystemwillproducethemostsuccessfulgenerationofyoungadults?Theanswersaredebatable（有争议的），butthereisnodenyingChinesemotivationinthefieldsofmathandscience.InChina，almost40percentofstudentsstudyengineering，andmoreareenteringthefield.Bycontrast，onlyabout5percentofAmericanstudentscurrentlymajorinengineeringandthosenumbershavebeenonthedeclineforthelast15years.“Ithinkthatscienceeducationhassortofbeenspinning_its_wheelsinAmerica，”saidHowardPutterman，abiologyteacheratQuinceOrchardHighSchool，Emily'sschool.“Ihaveatleast15to20kidsayearwhoflatouttellme，‘scienceisn'tmything.Idon'tlikeit.I'mnotgoodatit.’”SoonCarolandEmilywillbegoingtocollege.Carolwantstostudybiology；Emilywantstoplayfieldhockey，andperhapsmajorinbusinessordesign.“Americankids-27-\naremoreindependentthanChinesekids，”saidCarol'sfather.“Theyhavetheirownopinions，andthey'requickertoadapttosocietywhentheygrowup.”1．ComparedwithEmilyEllenberger，CarolWangis______.A．moreattentiveB．lessdeterminedC．moreableD．lessactive2．Theunderlinedpart“spinningitswheels”inParagraph5means______.A．makinggreatprogressB．makinguselesseffortsC．movingthecars'wheelsD．havinggreatdevelopment3．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．MoreandmoreChinesestudentsstudyengineering.B．EmilyisfarsmarterthanCarolinthefuture.C．Carol'sandEmily'sfathersarelivinginChina.D．It'sdifficulttofindajobasanengineerinChina.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CarolandEmilyWorkingHardforCollegeB．EastMeetsWestintheClassroomC．DifferentSystemsHavetheSameResultsD．CarolandEmilyStudyFarApart二、史地、自然、科普、新闻类AThespaceviewfromtheInternationalSpaceStationmaybealittlesharperforsomeastronautsnow.WhenNASA'sspaceshuttleDiscoveryarrivedatthestationonSaturday，itwascarryingahandfulofnewsuperfocusglasses.Theseglassesaredesignedtoletastronautswhowearglassesfocusonobjectsatvariousdistancesbymovingaslideronthebridge.“Thenewglassescouldbeabighelptoastronauts，manyofwhomhaveagingeyes，”researcherssaid.“Ithinkthisisgoingtobeasignificantimprovementforsomeindividuals，”saidC．RobertGibson，avisionconsultantinNASA.“TheaverageageoftheastronautsinNASAtodayis48，”Gibsonsaid，“andasaresultmanysufferfrompresbyopia（老花眼）．Simpletaskslikereadingcanbecomeachallenge.”Thesolutionformanymiddleagedpeopleistogetreadingglasses.Buttheseoptionshaveshortcomings，suchasdistortion（失真），oralimitedfieldofview，Gibsonsaid.“Superfocusglassestakeadifferentapproach.Theyarebuiltusingasetoffrontlensestoholdthewearer'sdistanceprescription，whileinnerlensescontainaclearfluid.Movingasliderontheglasses'bridgeadjuststhisfluid，allowingpeopletofocusonobjectsthatarenearbyorinthemiddledistance，”companyofficialssaid.Theresult，accordingtoGibson，isasharpdistortionfreeimageatavarietyofdistances.Userscanshiftfromreadingabook，forexample，tolookingacrossaroomjustbyslidingthebar.Superfocusglassesmayindeedhelpmiddleagedastronautsreadthestation'smanyinstrumentpanels，buttheglassesdohavetheirlimits.Theycan'tbewornonspacewalks，forexample.“Astronautscan'tadjustthemintheirspacesuits，”Gibsonsaid.-27-\n1．What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Astronauts'agingeyesarenolongerabigproblem.B．AstronautshaveabettersightoftheEarthfromspace.C．Astronauts'sightproblemswillbecuredinthenearfuture.D．Superfocusglasseswillhaveabrightfutureamongtheelderly.2．Whatdoweknowaboutthesuperfocusglasses?A．Theyusethesamelensesasreadingglasses.B．Theymakethesightdistortedduetoalimitedfieldofview.C．Theyprovidevisionatdifferentdistanceswithdistortion.D．Theyusebothasetoffrontlensesandinnerlenses.3．Whatisthesliderontheglassesusedfor?A．Protectingtheusers'eyes.B．Fixingtheglassesinthespacesuits.C．Holdingtheusers'distanceprescription.D．Adjustingthefluidtohelptheusersseemoreclearly.4．Whatproblemarethesuperfocusglassesfacing?A．Theyhavesomesideeffects.B．Theyaffectthewearer'shealth.C．Astronautscan'twearthemwhenspacewalking.D．Astronautscan'tweartheminthemiddledistance.5．Wherecanwemostprobablyfindthistext?A．Insciencefiction.B．Inaresearchpaper.C．Inatravelmagazine.D．Inasciencenewsreport.BOn13August1961theEastGermangovernmentstartedbuildingtheBerlinWall，whichseparatedWestfromEastBerlin.Itwasmadeupoflargeconcretewalls，barbedwireandguardtowers.TheEastGermanauthoritiesclaimedthatbuildingthewallwasimportanttodefendCommunistEastBerlinfromthecapitalistwesternsectionofthecity.TheycalledWestGermansfascistswhostillbelievedinHitler.Inreality，however，theBerlinWallwasbuilttostopthousandsofEastBerlinersfromemigrating（移居）tothefreewesternpartofthecityinsearchofanewandbetterlife.WhenBerlinerswokeuponAugust13,1961，theircityhadcompletelychanged.ThebordertoWestBerlinhadbeenclosed.EastGermansoldiersstartedputtingupfencesthroughoutthecity.Telephonelineswerecutandtransportationconnectionsbetweeneastandwestwerestopped.Withinthenextfewmonthsastrongconcretewallwasbuilt.ThewallwasnotonlybuiltstraightthroughBerlinbutalsoaroundthebordertoEastGermany.Allinallitwasover140kilometerslongandupto4.5metershigh.Barbedwire，electricfencesandtrenches（战壕）wereamongthebarriersthatthewallcontained.ManyGermanswantedtoescapetoWestGermanybecausetheysawthatlifetherewasbetterthanthatintheeast.From1961to1989，about5,000peopletriedtoescapefromEastGermany.Inthe28yearswhenthewallexistedpeopletriedtoescapeinmanydifferentandstrangeways.Atthebeginningtheycrossedbysimplyclimbingoverthefences.Asthewallbecamestrongerandwiderpeopletriedtogettothewestbycrashingtrucksintoitorevenbydiggingtunnelsunderthewall.Successfulattemptsalsoincludedanescapeinahotairballoon.TheEastGermangovernmentannouncedon9November1989thatallcitizensoftheGermanDemocraticRepubliccouldtravelacrosstheborderfreely.Intheweeksand-27-\nmonthsthatfollowedthewallwastorndown.EastandWestBerlinbecameoneundividedcity.Almostayearlater，onOctober3,1990EastandWestGermanywerereunified.1．TherealpurposeoftheEastGermans'buildingTheBerlinWallisto______.A．cutalltheconnectionswithWestGermansB．defendCommunistEastBerlinfromthecapitalistC．stopEastBerlinersfrommovingtothewesternpartD．createanewandsafeenvironmentfortheEastBerliners2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTheBerlinWallisCORRECT?A．Itinallexistedfor28years.B．Itwasbegunin1961andfinishedin1989.C．ItwasbuiltbytheWestGermangovernment.D．Itwasmadeupoflargestonesandguardtowers.3．ManyEastGermanstriedtoescapetoWestGermanyregardlessoftheirlivesmainlybecause______.A．theywerebadlytreatedinEastGermanyB．theycouldn'tconnectwiththeirfamilyC．theywantedtoliveabetterlifeD．theybelievedinHitler4．Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．ThepoorlivingconditionsofEastGermans.B．WaysforEastGermanstoescapetoWestGermany.C．ReasonsforEastGermanstoescapetoWestGermany.D．ThefightingconditionsofEastGermanstoearnfreedom.5．EastandWestBerlinbecameundivided______.A．whentheGermanDemocraticRepublicwasfoundedB．whenallcitizenscouldtravelacrosstheborderfreelyC．afterEastandWestGermanywerereunifiedD．afterthewallwastorndownCWeatheristhestateoftheatmosphereinacertainplaceatacertaintime.Weatheralwayschangesandisdifferentallaroundtheworld.Itdependsonmanyelements.Itmaybewarmandsunnyinoneplacebutcold，windyandrainysomewhereelse.Temperatureisoneofthemostimportantelementsinourweather.Howwarmorcolditisdependsonmanyfactors.Thetemperatureoftheairishigherwhensunrayshittheearth.Temperaturesalsovaryfromseasontoseason.Duringthesummertheearth'saxis（轴）istiltedtowardsthesun，sotheraysofthesunhitusmoredirectly.Thedaysarelongerandwegetmoresunlight.Temperaturesalsodependonaltitude（海拔）．Itgetscolderwhenyouarehigherupinthemountainsandit'swarmernearsealevel.Thetemperaturedecreasesabout0.7℃per100meters.Placesneartheseausuallyhavemoremoderateclimatesthanareasfarawayfromthecoast.Therethesummersareveryhotandwintersverycold.Airpressureistheweightoftheair.Coldairisheavierandsinkstothegroundwhilewarmairrises.Whenairmovesitproduceswind.Airmovesfromhighpressureareastoplaceswheretheairisnotsodense.Humidityistheamountofmoisture（水蒸气）thatisintheair.Warmairexpandsandcanholdmoremoisturethancoldair.Whentheaircanholdnomoremoistureitformssmalldropletscalledclouds.Meteorologists（气象学家）oftenmeasuretherelativehumidityintheair.Thatistheamountofwaterintheaircomparedtohowmuchwatertheairatthattemperaturecanreallyhold.Relativehumiditycanreachnearly100%.The_air_is_completely_saturated_with_water.-27-\nPrecipitationiswhatcomesdowntoearthfromthecloudsintheatmosphere.Themostcommonformsarerainandsnow.Otherformsincludehail，sleet，drizzle.Theamountofprecipitationthataplacegetsisdifferentanddependsonmanyfactors.Areasnearthecoastgetmorerainthanplacesininnerregions.Sometimeshighmountainsstopwetairfromgettingtootherplaces.1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Elementsoftheweather.B．Temperaturesoftheweather.C．Howweatheraffectsourlife.D．Howmeteorologistspredicateweather.2．Fromthepassageweknowit'swarmerwhen______.A．theearth'saxisistiltedtowardsthenorthB．theairpressureishighC．youarenearthesealevelD．youarehigherup3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmoistureisTRUE?A．Itisonefactoraffectingthetemperature.B．Itcanformsmalldropletsintheair.C．Itisthestateoftheatmosphere.D．Itcannotbeheldincoldair.4．TheunderlinedsentenceinPara.5suggeststhat______.A．theairisveryclearB．theairwillchangeintowaterC．thereistoomuchwaterintheairD．thewaterhasevaporatedintotheair5．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.A．raincontainsmorewaterthansnowB．youcannotseesnownearthecoastC．oftenthereismuchrainininnerregionsD．sometimestherewillbealotofrainfallnearhighmountainsDThemorningplenarysessionofthe2012SeoulNuclearSecuritySummitstartedhereTuesdaymorning.Givinganopeningremarkatthebeginningofthesession，SouthKoreanPresidentLeeMyungbaksaiditistheobligationofworldleaderstomaintainpeaceandsecurityofallmankind.Therefore，theymustcarryoutallmeanstopreventterroristsfromobtainingnuclearmaterials.PresidentoftheUnitedStatesBarackObamasaidmorenationscometothesummit“nottotalkbuttotakeactions”，addingthatinternationalcooperationisneededtofightagainstnuclearterrorism.Leadersandrepresentativesfrommorethan50nationsandfourinternationalinstitutionsgatheredheretodiscusstheresponsetonuclearterrorism，protectionofnuclearmaterialsandfacilitiesaswellaspreventionofillegaltraffickingofnuclearmaterials.TheSeoulCommuniqué，tobeannouncedonTuesday，isexpectedtoreaffirmtheinternationalcommitmentstominimizingtheuseofhighlyenricheduranium（高浓缩铀）andexpanddiscussionsonnuclearsafetyinthecontextofnuclearsecurityfollowingthenuclearcrisisinJapan.1．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toshowtheimportanceoftheinternationalpeaceandsecurity.B．Tocallforthewholeworldtofightagainsttheterrorism.-27-\nC．TotellthewholeworldthemaintopicoftheconferenceheldinSeoul.D．Tomaketheworldleadersunderstandhowimportantitistokeeppeace.2．Howmanypeopleparticipatedintheconference?A．50.　　　　　　　　　B．Notmorethan50.C．Morethan54.D．Atmost54.3．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A．newspaperB．journalC．localTVprogramD．officialreport4．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A．moreandmorecountriesintendtotakepartintheconferenceB．thenuclearsafetyhasbecomeaseriousproblemnowadaysC．AmericanpresidentBarackObamaisthreateningtheworldpeaceD．southKoreaneedshelpfromAmerica三、应用文类AHotelroomsthesedayslookprettymuchalike.Ifhotelsareleavingyoubored，howaboutcheckingintoasubmarine（潜水艇），orbookingaroomwithaviewfromthetopofacrane?DOGTIREDDogBarkParkInninCottonwoodisatwobedroomB&Bintheshapeofadog—theworld'sbiggestdog.Youenterthroughthebackofthedogintoahoteldecoratedindoggiestatues.Howmuch？Singlesfrom45poundspernightandanadditionalpersonfor20extrapounds.Details：www.dogbarkparkinn.com，call0012089623647.INASUBMARINEJules'UnderseaLodgeistheonlyhotelintheworldwhereyouhavetobestrapped（捆绑）onfins（鳍状物）andatanktocheckin.Oncearesearchlaboratory，thelodgeisopentopayingguests.Ithasroomsfortwocoupleseachnightandtheunderwaterlivingiscomfortable.Andyoudon'thavetobeacertifieddivertobookin.Howmuch？Doublesfrom187.50poundsfordinner，bedandbreakfast（includingdivingequipment）．Details：www.jul.com,0013054512353.INAFOOTBALLSTANDTheQualityHotelWestHamnotonlyhasagreatviewofUptonPark，it'spartofit.Itisuniquelysituated（位于）withinthegroundsofWestHamFootballClubandyoucanhavegreatviewsoverthefootballpitch（球场）．YoumightseesomefamousfacesintheThamesIronworksBar.Howmuch？Doublesfrom85pounds（includingbreakfast）．Details：www.whufc.com,08704608200.INANIGLOOFromDecembertoAprileachyear，theHotelKakslauttanenneartheArcticCircleinFinlandbuildsaseriesofigloosforitsguests.Inavarietyofsizestosleeponetofivepeople，allofthemareprovidedwithextrathicksleepingbags，hoodsandsocks.AndtoreallygetyouintotheEskimowayoflife，theywillalsoteachyouhowtogoiceswimming.Ifyoufancysomethingabitmoremodern，bookoneoftheglassigloos，whichinwintershouldgiveyouagreatviewoftheNorthernLights.Howmuch？Igloosfrom￡115pernight，B&B.Details：www.kakslauttanen.fi,0035816667100.1．Whichhotelcontainsanimalstatues?-27-\nA．DogBarkParkInn.B．TheCraneHotel.C．Jules'UnderseaLodge.D．TheQualityHotelWestHam.2．Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutahotelunderthesea，youshouldvisit______.A．www.dogbarkparkinn.comB．www.kakslauttanen.fiC．www.jul.comD．www.whufc.com3．Fortwopersonsspendinganightinoneofthesehotels，theyhavetopayatleast______.A．￡65B．￡90C．￡187.50D．￡854．IntheQualityHotelWestHam，you______.A．canenjoythreemealsforfreeB．canplayfootballC．mayjoinWestHamFootballClubD．mayhavechancestoseefamousfootballplayers5．Accordingtothepassage，theHotelKakslauttanen______.A．opensforonlyfourmonthsayearB．liesintheArcticCircleC．willletitsgustsseeEskimosD．maymakeyouseeNorthernLightsBGroupToursoftheAreaofthe2012SitesThesearerecommendedtoursforgroups.Individualvisitorswishingtojoinpleaseclickhere.EastLondonandtheOlympicParkTourFromCentralLondon，travelthroughLondon'sEastEnd—recentlyfashionable，multiculturalresidentialareas，andoncefamousformarketgardens，finechurches，andshippingrelatedindustries.HearalittleofthedarksidewithstoriesofJacktheRipperandstreetgangs.Nowintothe21stcentury，youarriveattheOlympicPark，alreadyunderconstruction.Imaginethe80,000seatMainStadium，theMultiSportsArena，AquaticsCentre，Velodrome，OlympicVillage，Broadcasting&MediaCentreandStratfordCity.ForthosewhohaveawholedayinwhichtoseeEastLondonwerecommendamorning.EastLondonandOlympicParktourcombinedwithanafternoonOlympicGreenwichtour.2012SitesTourThetourstartsinStratfordwhereyouviewtheworkinprogressattheOlympicPark.HearthehistoryofLondon'sRoyalDocks，asyoutraveltotheBoxing，Judo，Weightlifting，Wrestling，TableTennisandTaekwondovenue.ViewtheO2Arena.SeetheNewLondonCityAirport，ThamesBarrierPark，UniversityofEastLondon，newwatersideapartmentsandsmarthotels.Forthosewhohaveawholedayinwhichtosee2012OlympicLondonwerecommendamorning2012OlympicSitestourcombinedwithanafternoon2012OlympicGreenwichtour.2012GreenwichTourGreenwichwillhost6Olympicevents.YourtourofGreenwichwillincludethe-27-\nGreenwichPark，wheretheequestrianeventswilltakeplace.CrosstheMeridianLinetoseethelargebuildingsatWoolwich.Finally，wecanshowyoutheexcitingdevelopmentstakingplaceontheGreenwichPeninsular，whichwillbehostinganumberofOlympicevents.1．Wherecanyoufindthepassageabove?A．Atravelbrochure.B．Amagazine.C．Awebsite.D．Abulletinboard.2．Whatcanbelearntfromthepassage?A．London'sOlympicParkisbeingbuilt.B．London'sEastEndhasn'tchangedmuch.C．Morethan6OlympiceventswilltakeplaceinGreenwich.D．NoeventswillbehostedontheGreenwichPeninsular.3．Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedin2012SitesTour?A．HearthehistoryofLondon'sRoyalDocks.B．ViewtheO2Arena.C．SeetheNewLondonCityAirport.D．CrosstheMeridianLine.4．Ifyouwanttovisittheplacewheretheequestrianeventswilltakeplace，whichtourwillyouchoose?A．EastLondonandtheOlympicParkTour.B．2012SitesTour.C．2012GreenwichTour.D．OlympicParkTour.-27-\n参考答案专题五　阅读理解命题调研·明晰考向真题试做1．B　细节理解题。从第一段第二句“...it'ssharedvalues.”和第三句可知答案为B项。2．A　细节理解题。根据“DoyouspeakCanadian”中的“LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathanallothercountriespolled...”可知在加拿大语言的得分比所有其他参与调查的国家的得分要低。故选A项。3．D　细节理解题。根据右边的图表可知在印度sharedvalues占32%的比例；sharedlanguage也是占32%的比例，故选D项。4．C　细节理解题。从第一段的第一句和第二句可知当他的妻子离开家时，他想着要在家放松一下，故选C项。5．B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第四句中的“...hewaseatingapplejamstraightfromthebottlewithhishands.”可知选B项。6．C　推理判断题。从倒数第二段第一句：家里情形已经失控及最后一句自己想做的事情都没有做成，可知他已经照顾不了他的孩子们了，故给日托所打了电话。7．D　推理判断题。根据每一段的第一句可知文章是按照时间顺序而写的，故选D项。8．A　主旨大意题。本文的第一段即提出本文的中心：你呼吸的空气也能导致你心脏方面的问题，故选A项。9．C　词义猜测题。根据前文的“relativelysmall”及下文的“otherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure”可知此处modest是几率非常低的含义，故选C项。10．D　推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可知，环保局对污染物制定严格的规章制度不仅有利于改善环境而且对公众的健康也是必要，故D项正确。根据文章的第一句：吃太多的高脂肪的食物对你的心脏疾病有潜在的危害，可知A项错误；B项未提及；根据最后一段第一句：与其他一些高危因素如吸烟和高血压相比，这些因素相对来说对人的健康影响较小，可知C项错误。11．A　推理判断题。作者通过两项调查研究主要告诉我们空气质量对我们的心脏问题也会产生影响，故作者的写作目的应是为了告知我们一项研究的结果，故选A项。12．C　推理判断题。根据本段的第一句：他认为对纹身及某些服装样式进行禁止是不公平的，可知C项正确，D项错误。根据“...peopledo‘cover’themselvesinordertoconveycertainmessages.”可知A项错误。13．B　推理判断题。从第三段第二句可知因为那些人代表他们的公司，及从第四段可知在公司里一个人穿什么不是个人的选择而是代表公司，故选B项。14．C　主旨大意题。文章第一段即提出了本文的中心：我们的着装要符合公司的要求。下面几段都是围绕这个中心叙述的，故选C项。15．B　推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句可知，老板们会非常重视员工的外表，因为他们代表的是公司；从第四段中的公司会选择那些给顾客流下好印象的人可知，作者对待奇装异服态度是否定的。enthusiastic“热心的”；negative“消极的，否定的”；positive“积极的，肯定的”；sympathetic“同情的”。创新模拟·预测演练一、社会文化生活故事类A1．B　推理判断题。根据第一段“BackinCanada，healwayslefthisofficedoorslightlyopenwhenhewasintheoffice，butitwasn'tcommonhereinChina.”可以推断出在加拿大他总是开着一点门，而在中国他一定是关上了门。2．D　词义猜测题。根据“Sensingtheprofessor'shesitation，thestudentinterjected，‘Youdon'tunderstand...’”可知是学生感觉到教授的犹豫之后，知道他没有明白自己的来意，所以是插嘴说道。3．C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段第二句中的“...andthestudentjustwantedtoshowhisappreciation.”可知C项正确。-27-\n4．D　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一个中国学生因自己的学习进步而向教授表达感激之情，感动了这名外国教授，让他意识到他当初选对了职业，作为老师能够影响学生，甚至改变他们的生活。B1．D　推理判断题。第一段描述了过去几代人同住在一起的情景，故D项正确。2．B　推理判断题。从第二段的描述可知过去人们自己种蔬菜、养动物，自己准备菜料，自己亲自下厨，自始至终与吃的东西发生直接联系。3．B　细节理解题。由第三段第三句中的“Wehavebeenfooledintothinkingweneed，orevenmustbefastandhavewhatthe‘fastlife’givesus.”可知B项正确。4．A　推理判断题。前面用对比手法，通过过去慢生活与今天快生活利弊的对照，让人们认识到“慢节奏运动”的意义和作用，从而让人们接受“慢节奏运动”。C1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句：韩国高考于周四举行，共有69万考生参加。为了能在考试中取得好成绩，考生都流行吃太妃糖，因其能帮他们“粘住”正确答案。2．A　推理判断题。纵观全文，我们可以推断出：很多韩国家长很迷信。3．D　推理判断题。作者只是客观地讲述了事实。4．A　词义猜测题。根据此句前半句（为了能在考试中取得好成绩，考生都流行吃太妃糖，因为前者能帮他们“粘住”正确答案；而避讳香蕉和海藻）可以推出香蕉和海藻则可能会让他们在考试中“摔跤”“失败”。D1．D　细节理解题。文章第一段的第二句表明两人均专心、有毅力，因此A、B两项错误；文章并没有比较两人能力有什么高低，因此C项错误；而由文章的第二段可知艾米莉·艾伦伯格的学习生活更积极，更具活力。2．B　词义猜测题。文章第四段提到了工程学在美国并不受学生的重视；第五段又以事例表明学生不喜欢这类学科。由此，霍华德·普特曼认为美国的科学教育在做无用功。spinitswheel：totrytodosomethingwithouthavinganysuccess。3．A　细节理解题。由文章第四段第二句可知在中国有百分之四十的学生喜欢研究工程学，并有越来越多的人毕业后从事该行业。故答案为A项。4．B　主旨大意题。本篇文章主要是以卡罗尔·王和艾米莉·艾伦伯格为例介绍了东西方两种不同的教育体制及她们不同的学习方式。选项A和D只是说了其表面问题；选项C的观点与文章不符。选项B概述了文章的主旨，并揭示了其深层含义，即东西方学校课堂教学的不同。二、史地、自然、科普、新闻类A1．A　主旨大意题，文章中主要介绍了一种适合宇航员的眼镜，因而使宇航员的老花眼不再是一个问题。2．D　细节理解题。由文中倒数第三段中的第二句话可知D项正确。3．D　细节理解题。由文中倒数第三段的最后一句话可知D项正确。4．C　细节理解题。由末段中的“Theycan'tbewornonspacewalks...”可知C项正确。5．D　推理判断题。文章是一篇科普文，介绍了太空探险中的问题及解决方式，因此最有可能出现在科学报道里面。B1．C　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知C项为正确答案。2．A　细节理解题。由短文首句可知柏林墙建于1961年，由最后一段可知该墙于1989年被拆，由此可知A项正确。另外在倒数第二段中提到的“Inthe28yearswhenthewallexisted...”也是解题线索。B项中的finish是“完工”的意思，因而不对。由首句可知柏林墙是东德所建，因而C项不对。由首段末句可知D项不对。3．C　细节理解题。根据第五段“ManyGermanswantedtoescapetoWestGermanybecausetheysawthatlifetherewasbetterthanthatintheeast.”可知人们拼命地向西德跑，主要是因为那里的生活条件好，故选C项。-27-\n4．B　主旨大意题。根据该段的“Inthe28yearswhenthewallexistedpeopletriedtoescapeinmanydifferentandstrangeways.”可知本段主要介绍了人们向西德逃跑的方式，故选B项。5．D　细节理解题。由最后一段的“Intheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedthewallwastorndown.EastandWestBerlinbecameoneundividedcity.”可知D项正确。C1．A　主旨大意题。由首段可知全文主要介绍了天气的要素。2．C　细节理解题。由第三段第二句中的“...it'swarmernearsealevel.”可知C项正确。3．B　细节理解题。由第五段的“Whentheaircanholdnomoremoistureitformssmalldropletscalledclouds.”可知B项正确。4．C　句意猜测题。由上面一句“Relativehumiditycanreachnearly100%.”可知是指空气中含水过多。5．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Sometimeshighmountainsstopwetairfromgettingtootherplaces.”可以推断出在高山附近，由于高山阻止了湿润的空气流向其他地方，而在这里形成更多的降水，故选D项。D1．C　主旨大意题。这是一篇新闻报道。从文章首句可以看出这是一篇关于2012首尔核安全峰会的报道。2．C　细节理解题。由第四段首句“Leadersandrepresentativesfrommorethan50nationsandfourinternationalinstitutionsgatheredhere...”可知C项正确。3．D　词义猜测题。由本句的“...tobeannounced...”可知应是关于此次大会的官方报道。Communiqué意为“（尤指对新闻界发布的）官方公报”。4．B　推理判断题。本次大会旨在讨论如何应对核恐怖及对核材料设备的保护等问题，并呼吁多国领袖采取措施，说明当今核安全问题已成为很严重的全球问题。三、应用文类A1．A　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句的“...decoratedindoggiestatues.”可知A项正确。2．C　细节理解题。由第二个宾馆的名字“Jules'Undersealedge”可知应访问该宾馆的网站来了解海底宾馆。3．A　细节理解题。综合4个宾馆的价格可知第一个宾馆的价格最便宜。4．D　细节理解题。由文中的“ItisuniquelysituatedwithinthegroundsofWestHamFootballClub...Youmightseesomefamousfaces...”可知D项正确。5．D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“...whichinwintershouldgiveyouagreatviewoftheNorthernLights.”可知答案为D项。B1．C　细节理解题。由首段第二句话的“Individualvisitorswishingtojoinpleaseclickhere.”可知应是网站上的文章。2．A　细节理解题。由第三段的“...youarriveattheOlympicPark，alreadyunderconstruction.”可知A项正确。3．D　细节理解题。本部分对A、B、C三个选项的内容都有提及，没有包括D项内容，D项为“2012GreenwichTour”中的一项内容，因而选D项。4．C　细节理解题。由倒数第二段的第二句“YourtourofGreenwichwillincludetheGreenwichPark，wheretheequestrianeventswilltakeplace.”可知C项正确。-27-