中考英语语法总复习大全 第一篇句法之常见习惯用语

第二篇句法三、常见习惯用语（一）　知识概要由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲：Youaresobeautiful这时的答语应该是Thankyou如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲：YourEnglishisverygood这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是Thankyou虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。（二）　正误辨析［误］-WhatcanIdoforyou?-Yes，pleasehelpme［正］-WhatcanIdoforyou?-I'dliketobuyasweater［析］WhatcanIdoforyou?这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。［误］-Whichcolourdoyoulike?-Sorry，Idon'tlike［正］-Whichcolourdoyoulike?-Ipreferblue［析］由which来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如Yes，Ilikeit［误］Doyouliketocomewithustonight?［正］Wouldyouliketocomewithustonight?［析］Doyoulike…问的是对方的习惯，如：Doyoulikeswimming?Doyoulikecollectingstamps?而wouldyoulike…则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：Shallwego?我们走吧!Let'sgo?让我们走吧!Howabouthavingacupoftea?喝杯茶如何?16\nWhataboutacupofcoffee喝杯咖啡如何?Whynotbuyit?为什么不买呢?其肯定答语一般为Certainly，Yes，O．Ｋ．　Allright，Withpleasure［误］Sorry，I'vekeptyouwaitingNotatall［正］Sorry，I'vekeptyouwaitingNevermind［析］"介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：-Doyoumindmysmokinghere?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Ａ．　Yes，doitpleaseＢ．　No，ofcoursenotＣ．　Yes，takeitpleaseＤ．　No，youcan'ttakeit这时正确的选择应是B。其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?Wouldyoumindmailingtheletterforme其答语如果是同意应为：Certainlynot，notatall而不同意时应为Yes，或I'msorry［误］What'sthatman?HeisMike［正］What'sthatman?Heisateacher［正］Who'sthatman?HeisMike(HeisMike'sfather)［析］由what提问是问的职业，由who提问问的是姓名或身份。［误］-Howmucharethey?-Halfakilo，please［正］-Howmanybananasdoyouwant?-HalfakiloPlease［析］Howmucharethey?问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。16\n［误］I'msorry，butisthisthewaytothepark?［正］Excuseme，butisthisthewaytothepark?［析］I'msorry是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而Excuseme是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。［误］-Haveagoodtimetonight!-Youarethesame［正］-Haveagoodtimetonight!-Thesametoyou［析］Thesametoyou是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。［误］-What'stheproblem?-I'vegotaheadache［正］What'swrongwithyou?I'vegotaheadache［析］What'swrongwithyou?是询问对方身体状态如何，而What'stheproblem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。［误］-Now，I'mbackCanIplay?-PerhapsYou'dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst［正］-Now，I'mbackCanIplay?-I'mafraidnotYou'dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst［析］Perhaps是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如：AmIright?Perhaps而I'mafraidnot则表达一种不同意的态度。beafraid的几种用法有：I'mafraidthatyouareright其后直接加宾语从句。-Willyoucometomybirthdayparty?-I'mafraidnotIhavetogotoseemyfatherHeisinhospital其后＋not，表示否定。-Sorry，Idon'twanttogotherealone，I'mafraidofthedog其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。Maryisafraidofmakingmistakesintheexam其后＋of＋动名词，表示害怕做某事。Maryisafraidtoseetheteacherbecauseshedidn'tdowellintheexam16\n其后＋不定式，表示不敢去做某事。［误］-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Twodays［正］-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Intwodays［析］此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。Howsoon问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用intwodays，即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用Howlong提问，则答语可以用twodays。［误］-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Idon'tmind-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek［正］-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Whenexactly-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek［析］有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。Idon'tmind是可以用来回答Wouldyoumind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用whenexactly?什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。［误］SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Whoareyou?"［正］SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Hello?ThisisTomspeaking?"［析］在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who'sthat(speaking)?"但不要讲"Whoareyou?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"Thisis××××speaking"而不要讲"I'm　××××"也不要讲"Mynameis×××××．"　就语法而论，"Whoareyou?""I'm××××""Mynameis×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。［误］-Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Idon'thopeso［正］-Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Ihopenot16\n［析］由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中IthinksoIhopesoIbelieveso是相同的，但在否定句中却常用Idon'tthinkso但Idon'tbelieveso和Idon'thopeso则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而Ibelievenot和Ihopenot则为：我想可能不会发生吧!［误］-Isanybodythere?-No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［正］-Iseverybodythere?-No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［析］许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用anybody。但是Isanybodythere?在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Iseverybodythere?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［误］-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-No，myhandwritingisverypoor［正］-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-Thankyou［析］中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说：Thankyou又比如中国人见面时常讲Whereareyougoing?或Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如：Hello!Howareyougoing?(你过得怎样)Morning!等。而goodmorning和Howdoyoudo则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。［误］WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay："ExcusemeI'llgofirst"［正］WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay："ExcusemeIhavetogo"［析］这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲I'llgofirst朋友们会迷惑不解，而Ihavetogo则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。［误］-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I'dliketo，andI'mtoobusy［正］-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I'dliketo，butI'mtoobusy16\n［析］I'mtoobusy与I'dliketo在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。［误］-Where'sDeter?-Deterwillcomewithustonightbutheisn'tverysureyet［正］-Where'sDeter?-Determaycomewithustonightbutheisn'tverysureyet［析］由于but所引出的句子可以看出Deter的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用may来表达一个不肯定的事件。［误］-Hi，haven'tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-GreatYoulookwelltoo［正］-Hi，haven'tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-ThanksYoulookwelltoo［析］要注意的是Great在口语中多表示惊叹，而Thanks则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。（三）　例题解析1　-Wouldyouliketohavesomerice?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，IlikeB　Yes，pleaseC　ofcourseD　Yes，Ihave［答案］B.［析］当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲Yes，please如不想接受则用No，thanks2　-Nicetoseeyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　GoodmorningB　Happytomeetyou，tooC　Nicetoseeyou，tooD　Pleasedtomeetyou，too［答案］C.［析］虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。16\n3　-Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewater?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，IwouldB　CertainlyC　No，thanksD　Yes，please［答案］B.［析］当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes，please为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。4　-Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　You'rewelcomeB　Itdoesn'tmatterC　NoneedD　Don'tsaythat［答案］A.［析］You'rewelcome译为中文为：不用谢。而Itdoesn'tmatter则为：没关系。5　-Hello，LucyHowareyou?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Andyou?A　Fine，thanksB　Yes，IamC　GladtomeetyouD　Goodafternoon［答案］A.［析］在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对Howareyou?的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"6　-Helpyourselftosomemeat-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Itsoundsnice．B　Yes，please．C　Yes，Let'shelpeachother．D　Thankyou．［答案］D.［析］Helpyourselftosomemeat．你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。7　-Oh，IamnotfeelingwellI'vegotacold-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Fine，Howareyou?B　NevermindTakecare16\nC　Well，I'msuretogetweelsoon．D　I'msorrytohearthat［答案］D.［析］这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、C则是中国人常讲的答语。8　-MeimeiyouspeakEnglishverywell-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　No，Idon'tthinksoB　ThankyouverymuchC　NotgoodenoughD　That'sallright［答案］B.9　-"Kate，couldyouanswerthetelephone，please?"-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿,MumI'llgetit．A　Yes，IcouldB　No，thanksC　OKD　Yes，butIhavenotime［答案］C.［析］要注意could用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。10　-CouldyoulookafterPollyformewhilewe'reaway?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　No，thanks．B　Withpleasure．C　I'mnotafraid．D　I'msureyouwill．［答案］B.［析］Withpleasure是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。11　-Hello!CouldIspeaktotheheadmaster，please?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Holdon，please．B　That'stheheadmaster，please．C　Whoareyou?please．D　SorryI'mnottheheadmaster．16\n［答案］A.［析］holdon，please是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用that，而要用this，在电话用语中that指对方，this指自己。12　-Happybirthday!-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Thankyou．B　Thesametoyou．C　Goodluck．D　Congratulations．［答案］A.［析］thesametoyou是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。13　-I'msorryIdon'tknowtheway，eitherYou'dbetteraskthatpolicemanforhelp-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Goodnight．B　That'snothing．C　Verywell．D　Thankyouallthesame．［答案］D.［析］当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为Thankyouallthesame意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。14　-Ifellandhurtmyleglastweek，SoIcan'tdoanything-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msorryB　Don'tworryC　GoodluckD　Badluck［答案］D.［析］如果用A则要用I'msorrytohearthat而不能单用I'msorry因I'msorry是向对方道歉。而badluck为真是不幸啊。15　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-IhavegotacoughA　What'syourtrouble?B　Whathaveyougot?C　Whydidyoucomehere?D　Haveyougotacough?16\n［答案］A.［析］What'syourtrouble?多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有What'swrongwithyou?16　-Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Yes，I'dloveto．B　That'sright．C　Yes，please．D　Quitewell．［答案］A.［析］表示愿意作某事应讲：I'dlovetoI'dliketo17　-What'stheweatherliketoday!-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　It'sniceforawalk．B　Ilikeautumnbestofall．C　Itwillbefinetomorrow．D　It'srathercoldtoday．［答案］D.［析］本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D18　-IsJanein，please?Iwanttospeaktoher-Sorry，sheisoutYou'dbetter＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　visitherintheofficeB　callherlaterC　seeherthisafternoonD　speaktoheryourself［答案］B.［析］callherlater晚些时候再来电话。19　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-Verywell，thankyou，andyou?A　Howdoyoudo?B　GoodmorningC　Howareyouthesedays?D　HowdoyoulikeEnglish?［答案］C.［析］本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯：Howdoyoudo?的答语应为Howdoyou16\ndo?20　-Howisyourmother?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Sheisold．B　Sheisnobetterthanshewas．C　Sheiskindhearted．D　Sheisinherforties．［答案］B.［析］Howisyourmother?问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。21　-Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　You'rewelcomeB　Pleasedon'tC　There'snotroubleD　No，no［答案］A.22　YourunclehastakenyoutothecinemaAfterwardsyouthankhimHesays"＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．"A　ItwasnothingB　I'mgladyouenjoyeditC　Don'tsayitD　No，needn't［答案］B.［析］这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。23　-Thankyouforyourgoodpresent-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　It'snotgoodB　No，noC　MypleasureD　Nevermind［答案］C.24　Whensomeonedidagooddeedforyou，youshouldsay＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A.youaretoogoodB.It'sverykindofyouC.youareverykindD.I'llthankyou［答案］B.16\n25　-IamverysorryIamlatefordinner-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A.No，youaren'tB.That'sallrightC.Yes，youareD.No，youdon't［答案］B.［析］That'sallright没关系。26　-I'msorryifIhurtyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msorryB　It'snottrueC　Itdoesn'tmatterD　Don'tsaysorry［答案］C.27　-Ishouldhavegonetoseetheexhibitionwithyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msorryB　WhatapityC　Itdoesn'tmattertomeD　That'sterrible［答案］B.［析］Whatapity.真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。28　-Helpyourselftosomefish-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　YouareverykindB　Yes，I'mhelpingmyselfC　ThankyouD　Yes，don'tworryaboutme［答案］C.29　-Areyouready?-______．A　I'mverysorryB　TrytobepatientC　Notyet，waitaminuteD　Doyouhavethetime，please?［答案］C.［析］notyet意为还没有完成。30　-Mum，Ihavepassedtheexam-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　That'sallrightB　CongratulationsC　YouareluckD　Goodlucktoyou16\n［答案］B.31-IthinkIhavetoleaveIhopewecangettogetheragain-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　AllrightB　That'sallrightC　OKD　Ihopeso，too［答案］D.32MustIwaittillhecomesback?．A　No，youneedn'tB　No，youmustn'tC　No，youmaynotD　No，youcan't［答案］A.［析］must提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用must，表示必须做，而否定句则要用needn't表示没有必要做。33　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Ipayyouthehouserentrightaway?-Yes，youhavetodoitA　ShallB　WayC　MustD　Have［答案］C.34　-Don'tyouthinkthiscolouristoobright?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Yes，Iagree．B　Yes，butIdon'tthinkso．C　Yes，ofcoursenot．D　Yes，what'swrong?［答案］A.35　-Itwascoldyesterday-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　SowasitB　SoitwasC　IbelievenotsoD　Ibelievenot［答案］B.［析］当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因soitwas即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如：IwenttothecinemayesterdaySodidI表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。36　-Whatdoyouthinkofthesong?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．16\nA　IlikemusicverymuchB　IlikeittooC　WithpleasureD　Itsoundssweet［答案］D.［析］sound在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。37　Doyouliketeaorcoffee?＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，IdoB　ThankyouC　That'sfineD　Eitherwilldo［答案］D.［析］eitherwilldo为两者哪个都可以。38　Ilikeyoursweaterverymuch＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　No，it'suglyB　SorryC　ThankyouD　You'rewelcome［答案］C.［析］这是英美语言的习惯。39　Helikestravellingbytrain＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　SodoIB　IdosC　IlikesoD　Ilikeit，neither［答案］A.40　-Howdoyoulikeyourschool?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　IlikeitverymuchB　It'sverybeautifulC　Idoesn'tlikeitD　Verywell［答案］B.［析］Howdoyoulike…是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。41　Whataniceday!＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　You'reright．B　No，isn'tit?C　Yes，isn'tit?D　Really?［答案］C.［析］Yes，isn'tit是的，难道不是个好天气吗?42　-Hello，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?-ThisisDellaspeaking16\nA　WhoareyouB　AreyouTomC　WhoisthatD　Pleasetellmewhoareyou［答案］C.［析］电话用语中that指对方，而this指自己。43　-What'shelike?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　HelikesEnglishB　HeisoldC　HeislikeafarmerD　Heistallandthis［答案］D.［析］要区分What'shelike?如Whatdoeshelike?前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。44　Howdidyoudoyourjob?Notverywell，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msureB　IamafraidC　ThankyouD　I'msorry［答案］B.［析］Iamafraid我恐怕是，我想是。45　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿youraunt?-SheisaprincipalofamiddleschoolA　WhatdoesB　WheredoesC　WhatisD　Whomis［答案］C.46　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-HeismybossA　What'stheman?B　Whoistheman?C　Howistheman?D　Whatdoesthemando?［答案］B.47　-MayIhaveyourname?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　No，noB　You'repoliteC　CallmeJohnD　It'skindofyou16\n［答案］C.48　-ShallImakecoffeeforyou?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，thankyouB　No，don'ttroubleC　Don'ttroublethis，thankyouD　No，don'tmakeit［答案］A.49　-CouldyoushowmethewaytoMrBuown'soffice?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　NotatallB　I'msureC　AllrightD　Icandoit［答案］C.50　-Shallwegoswimmingtomorrowafternoon?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　It'sverykindofyouB　YouaresothoughtfulC　That'sagoodideaD　Yes，we'llgo［答案］C.16