中考英语语法总复习大全 第一篇词法之数词
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第一篇词法七、数词(一)知识概要数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种:基数词,用于计数,如:one,two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序,台:firstsecond…其构成法如下:阿拉伯数字基数词序数词简写序数词1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourfourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sevenseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th13thirteenthirteenth13th14fourteenfourteenth14th15fifteenfifteenth15th16sixteensixteenth16th17seventeenseventeenth17th18eighteeneighteenth18yh19nineteennineteenth19th20twentytwentieth20th21twenty-onetwenty-first21st30thirtythirtieth30th40fortyfortieth40th50fiftyfiftieth50th7\n60sixtysixtieth60th70seventyseventieth70th80eightyeightieth80th90ninetyninetieth90th100a(one)hundredhundredth100th104onehundredandfourhundredandfourth104th1000a(one)thounsandthounsandth1000th10000tenthounsandtenthounsandth10000th1000000onemillionmillionth1000000th基数词与序数词都有一定的构成方法,但都有特殊例外的几个字,所以除了要学会一般构成法之外,还要特别记熟一些例外。因它们在考试中出现的频率很高。1基数词构成结构21~99的两位数字,在10位和个位之间加连字符构成,如89-eighty-nine.101~999的三位数字,由hundred加and再加二位数或未位数字,如:101-onehundredandone,223-twohundredandtwenty-three.四位以上数字,应从个位起向前数三位加逗号,读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号,读作million,再数三位加逗号,读作billion,其读法如下:1001-onethousandandone5386-fivethousand,threehundredandeighty-six要注意的是hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法。①前面有别的基数词时,即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时,其本身都不要加s,如:threehundredstudents。②若表示成百,成千或数百,数千时,前面不能有基数词,但其本身要用复数形式,然后+of+名词复数。如:thousandsandthousandsof。(成千上万)2序数词的构成法序数词除first,second,third以外,其余一般在词尾加th构成,除一般略有差异的各别数词外,很容易掌握。其二位数或多位数只将后面的个位数字改为序数词,其前面各位数字均不改变,都用基数词。3其他数字表示法小数的小数点读作point,零读作o[u]或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分数要在序数词上加s,但1/2用onehalf,14用aquarter.13读作onethird而23读作twothirds。百分数(%),读作percent(percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。表示日期有两种说法和四种写法,如:2月1号英语表达法为:thefirstofFebruary而美语为February(the)first,但其书写上可有四种写法① February1②February1st③1stFebruary④1/2。倍数的讲法有所不同。两倍用twice,而三倍以上用序数词加times,如:He7\nhasthreetimesasmanybooksasIhave.(二)正误辨析[误]1107shouldbereadasathousandahundredasseven.[正]1107shouldbereadasonethousandonehundredandseven.[析]在读数字时,如:and前只有百或千时,用onehundred/onethousand还是ahundred/athousand全是可以的。但如果文有百又有千时,则只能用one不要用a。如果没有and时,如:1100也只能读作onethousandonehundred或elevenhundred.[误]Idroveabouthalfmile.[正]Idroveabouthalfamile.[析]半小时为halfanhour,半天为halfaday,半镑为halfapound,尽量避免用halfayear,halfamonth,要用sixmonths,twoweeks或fifteendays要注意的是HalfoftheworkisdoneHalfofthebooksaresold.当Half作名词时,其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词,如是复数名词时,则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法,如:Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.其名词要用复数,但谓语动词则要用单数。[误]60studentsareplayingontheground.[正]Sixtystudentsareplayingontheground.[析]在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字,如数字过大则应放于句中,用阿拉伯数字。如:Thereare166studentsplayingontheground.[误]Hebecamefamousaroundfiftyyearsold.[正]Hebecamefamousinhisfifties.[析]inhisfifties50多岁时,而inthefiflies在50年代。[误]Thereareabouttwothousandsworkersinourfactory.[正]Thereareabouttwothousandworkersinourfactory[析]几千,几百的表达法是基数词加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。这样的单位还有dozen(打),score(20年)等。[误]Inthemorningtherearehundredofoldpeoplewalkinginthepark.[正]Inthemorningtherearehundredsofoldpeoplewalkinginthepark.[析]当表达数百,数千时,要用hundredsof和thousandsof这一结构。[误]Theclassbeginsateighta.m.[正]Theclassbeginsat8a.m.[析]与符号或与缩写的字母连用时一定要用数字,如:43%,67,No.2…7\n[误]Twofifthofthebooksaresoldout.[正]Twofifthsofthebooksaresoldout.[析]分数表示法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,但分子大于1时,分母要在序数词后加s。[误]TomwasbornonJulyeighteen.[正]TomwasbornonJulyeighteenth.[析]月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。美语July18读作Julyeighteenth英语July18th读作Julytheeighteenth[误]I'llgotoschoolat7∶30a.m.inthemorning.[正]I'llgotoschoolat7∶30a.m/at7∶30inthemorning.[析]a.m即表达在早上之意,不要再用inthemorning.[误]Thefilmwillbeginatthreequarterspastone.[正]Thefilmwillbeginatonequartertotwo.[析]大于30分钟时不要使用past,而要用差多少不到几点的to来表达。[误]Threetimethreeisnine.[正]Threetimesthreeisnine.[析]times此处作为"乘"讲一定要加s。英语中乘除法表达式如下:算法种类例句加法一般Fiveandsixiseleven.正式Fiveplussixis(equals)eleven.减法一般Eighttakeawayfourleaves(is)four.FourfromEightleaves(is)four.正式Eightminusfourequals(is)four.乘法一般Threefoursaretwelve3×4=12正式Threetimesfourequals(is)twelve.一般Twointofouristwo.正式Fourdividedbytwoequalstwo.(三)例题解析1-Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool,Mike?-Thereareover___studentsinourschool.A.twothousandsB.twothousandsof7\nC.twothousandD.twothousandof[答案]C.[析]有基数词在前面时thousand,hundred等词不能加s,也不能加of结构,只有在thousandsof时才可以使用。2Johnliveson___floor.Hedoesn'tusealifttogoupanddown.A.nineB.theninthC.ninthD.aninth[答案]B.[析]序数词前加定冠词,nine与ninth的拼写上有一个e字母相差别。3WuDongwonthegirls'___raceintheschoolsportsmeetinglastweek.A.100metresB.100metresC.100metreD.100metre[答案]D.[析]数词、名词、形容词等词用连字符连接成的形容词中,名词都不要加s,如:Ihavetowriteatwothousandwordreport.而且由连字符组成的形容词只能放于名词前,不能放于名词后,作后置定语,或用在be动词后作表语。4Thereare___studentsinourschool.A.fourhundredtwentyB.fourhundredandtwentyC.fourhundredstwentyD.fourhundredsandtwenty[答案]B.5-Howmanydaysarethereinayear?-Thereare___.A.threehundredsandsixtyfiveB.threehundredssixtyfive7\nC.threehundredandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsixtyfive[答案]C.6Wehavelearnedabout___Englishwords.A.ninehundredsB.ninehundredC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof[答案]B.7Autumnis___seasonoftheyear.A.thirdB.thethreeC.thirdsD.thethird[答案]D.8Theyarelearning___now.A.LessonEightB.theeightlessonC.LessonEiththD.Eighthlesson[答案]A.[析]第几课,第几个门……,在英语中有两种说法,①LessonTwo,GateTwo但要注意每一单词的首字母要大写。②thesecondlesson,thesecondgate首字母不要大写,并要注意有些缩写的读法。如:p.8-第8页(pageeight)$8.50-8.5美元(fivedollarsandfifty)电话号码66164532-(six,six,one,six,fourfive,three,two)9Theboywassohungrythatheate___.A.threebowlsofricesB.threebowlofriceC.threebowlofrices7\nD.threebowlsofrice[答案]D.[析]rice是不可数物质名词,而bowl是可数名词。10Thereare___monthsinayear.A.twelveB.twelfC.twelvethD.twelfth[答案]A.7
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