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中考英语语法总复习大全 第一篇词法之冠词

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第一篇词法二、冠词(一)知识概要冠词在英语中只有3个词,分为两类:不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前,an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。(二)正误辨析[误]Thisbuildingisanuniversity.[正]Thisbuildingisauniversity.[析]a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前,而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前,而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是[j],所以用a而不要用an。又如:Thereisa“n”intheword.是错句,应为:Thereisan“n”intheword.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音,所以应该用anhour。例如:Ineedanhourtofinishthework.Itisausefuldictionary.ItisaEuropeancountry.Iboughtausedcar.[误]Ineedaumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.[正]Ineedanumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.[析]因umbrella的第一个音素是元音,所以应用an.常用的情况有:anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,anhonestboy…。[误]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry,I'minhurry.”[正]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry.I'minahurry.”[析]不定冠词的主要用法如下:1.用来表示一类人或事物,如:Sheisateacher.2.指某一类人或事物中的一个,如:Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.3.泛指某一人或事物,如:Amaniswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.4.相当于“one”的概念,如:Ijustboughtanewdictionary.5.其主要的难点是用在固定词组中:如:haveawalk/arest/alook7\n又如:inahurry匆匆忙忙makeaface作鬼脸dosomebodyafavour帮某人忙anumberof=many又如:haveagoodtime(玩得好)haveacold(感冒)haveaheadache(头痛)haveabreak=havearest[误]Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.[正]Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisverygood.[析]在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词,而第二次提到时用定冠词。[误]Pleaseturnofflightsbeforeyouleave.[正]Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.[析]虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指,也应用定冠词。[误]Therearenineplanetsaroundasun.[正]Therearenineplanetsaroundthesun.[析]世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词,如:theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,thesea.[误]Iliveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.[正]Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.[析]在序数词,形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如:Heistheoldestinthefamily.[误]Iwanttolearnthesecondlanguagethisterm.[正]Iwanttolearnasecondlanguagethisterm.[析]在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二,而其意在于再学一个,再来一个时,应用a,本句的意思应为:这学期我要学一门第二外语。[误]Mississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.[正]TheMississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.[析]在河流名称前应加定冠词,如:theYellowRiver(黄河)。[误]Look,thereareAlp.[误]Look,therearetheAlp.[正]Look,therearetheAlps.[析]具体的某一座山不加定冠词,如:Mountain7\nTai.但在山名称前加定冠词后,其山名要加s,来表示山脉。theAlps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:TheAlpsareinthecenterofEurope.[误]Timesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.[正]TheTimesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.[析]报刊名称前应加定冠词。[误]Richarenotalwayshappy.[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.[析]在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人,而在姓的前面加定冠词,姓后加s表示某一家,如:TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.[误]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopisverygood.[正]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsinthisshopisverygood.[析]物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。[误]Thesunrisesineast.[正]Thesunrisesintheeast.[析]在方向、方位前应用定冠词,如:intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthefuture[误]Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone[正]Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone[析]在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词,如:theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡thePanamaCanal巴拿马运河theSuezCanal苏伊士运河[误]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper[正]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper[析]泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。[误]Iliketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.[正]Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.[析]一年四季前不用定冠词,如:Springisthebestseasoninayear.[误]Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.[正]Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.[析]有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词,如:gotoschool上学,leaveschool(辍学),after7\nschool(放学),但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词,如例句中其父母来校不是上学,而是看望孩子,则要加定冠词。又如,Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在医院住院两天了。)而:Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.他去医院看望他的母亲。[误]Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.[正]Iboughtthesamedictionaryasshebought.[析]在惯用法thesame,theonly,thevery前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。[误]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.[正]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbythearm.[析]这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处,也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike(打),pat(拍),hit(击),hold(握),pull(拉)…动词后应加人,再加介词on,by,in,with…之后要加定冠词,再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his,her,their,等词。[误]Hewaspaidbyhour.[正]Hewaspaidbythehour.[析]by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为:他的工资是按小时计算的。[误]IwenttoNewYorkbyhiscar.[正]IwenttoNewYorkbycar.[正]IwenttoNewYorkinhiscar.[析]by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具,而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如:bycar(坐小汽车)bytaxi(坐出租车)bybike(骑自行车)bywater(乘船)byair(乘飞机)bysea(乘船)[误]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaypianowhenshewasthree.[正]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaythepianowhenshewasthree.[析]在乐器前要加定冠词,而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词,如:Theyliketoplaybridgewhentheyarefree.(他们空闲时爱打桥牌)[误]Thelittleboywantedtogotocinema.[正]Thelittleboywantedtogotothecinema.[析]英语中虽有一些名词与goto连用时不加定冠词,以表示该名词的内涵,如:gotoschool(上学),gotobed(睡觉)等,但去看电影则例外,要用gotothecinema.这也是语言的一个特点。[误]Iliveat105theLakestreet.[正]Iliveat105LakeStreet.[析]街道名称前不用冠词。7\n[误]NextsummerholidayIwillgotocountrytoliveonafarm.[正]NextsummerholidayIwillgotothecountrytoliveonafarm.[析]country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式,作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如:Japanisacountry.Japan,China,IndiaareAsiancountries.[误]Thepicturelooksbetteratthedistance.[正]Thepicturelooksbetteratadistance.[析]atadistance意为“离开一定距离”。而inthedistance为“远方,远处”。这样常用的词组有:asarule(照例)inahurry(匆忙)inthemorning/afternoon(上/下午)inthesun(在阳光下)intherain(雨中)inthesameway(同样)intheshade(在阴凉处)inthedaytime(白天)intheend(最终)ontheotherhand(换句话说)onthecontrary(相反)[误]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreetahandinahand.[正]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreethandinhand.[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,如:bitbybit(逐渐)dayafter(by)day(一天又一天)dayandnight(日日夜夜)facetoface(面对面)fromAtoZ(自始至终)fromtimetotime(再三)handinhand(手拉手)shoulderbyshoulder(肩并肩)(三)例题解析1MrLiis___oldworker.7\nAaBanCsomeD/[答案]B.[析]an用于元音音素开始的单词前。2Englishis___usefullanguagein___world.Aan,theBa,theCthe,/D/,the[答案]B.[析]因useful的第一个音素是[j],它是辅音音素。3What___interestingbookitis?AaBanCtheD/[答案]B.[析]这是感叹句,因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词,而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。4Hewillbebackin___hour.A/BtheCaDan[答案]D.[析]因hour的首字母h不发音。5Thereis___mapintheclassroom.___mapisonthewall.Aa,ABthe,TheCa,TheDthe,A[答案]C.[析]在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词,而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。6Lookat___picture!There's___houseinit.Aa,aBthe,theCa,theDthe,a[答案]D.[析]虽然是第一次提到,但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画,所以应选择D。7Thereis___orangeinthebottle.AaBanCtheD/[答案]D.[析]这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。8Beijingis___capitalofourcountry.AtheBanC/Da[答案]A.7\n[析]capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。9IfyouworkhardatEnglish,you'llget___“A”inthetest.AanB/CtheDa[答案]A.[析]因字母A的第一音素是元音。10Heusuallygoestoschoolon___foot.AaBanCtheD/[答案]D.[析]onfoot意为走路上学,是习惯用法。7

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发布时间:2022-08-25 21:01:12 页数:7
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文章作者:U-336598

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