2022届高考英语二轮专题复习7语法填空词法

语法填空（词法）高频考点一名词【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible_______(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineersmanagedtoconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_______(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside______(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma_______(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【答案】1.crowds2.introduction3.effects4.scientist高频考点二冠词、代词与介词【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover_______past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas_______joke.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive_______atry.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind_______(they)alive.5.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwassearching_______thesethreewesternlowlandgorillas11,I’dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.6.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethods_______trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.【答案】1.the2.a3.it/running4.them5.for6.of/for高频考点三形容词与副词【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears_______(long)thannon-runners.2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe_______(loud)ofall.3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhave_______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.4.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s_______(wonder).5.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmany_______(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere______________(huge)popularwithtourists.【答案】1.longer2.loudest3.finally4.wonderful5.traditional;hugely高频考点四时态与语态【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Later,engineers_______(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school_______(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling...”3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_______(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cycling11,orswimming.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Since2011,thecountry_______(grow)morecornthanrice.5.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment_______(start)asoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.6.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI_______(make)overtheyears.【答案】1.managed2.comes3.is4.hasgrown5.started6.havemade高频考点五情态动词与助动词【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2017·北京高考)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,_______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.2.(2018·江苏高考)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.3.(2018·北京高考)Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_______causeseriousproblemsforacompany.4.(2018·北京高考)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_______(drive)afewmorekilometers.【答案】1.can2.had3.can4.haddriven高频考点六非谓语动词【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong_______(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_______(die)earlybyrunning.2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice_______(improve)waterquality.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile_______11,(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_______(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel_______(challenge).5.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for_______(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.6.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall_______(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.【答案】1.dying2.toimprove3.feeding4.lookingchallenged5.being6.saying【专题训练】1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。EasyWaystoBuildVocabularyIt'snotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,it's___1___ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere’senoughroomforimprovement,___2___meansyou’lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.Ofcourseyouhavetoworkatit.Youwouldn'tthinkthatafew___3___(month)ofexerciseinyourteenswouldbeenough___4___therestofyourlife,andthat'salsotrueforbuildingyourvocabulary--youhavetokeepatitdaily,andprettysoonyouwillfindthatyouhaveanexcellentvocabulary.Oneofthe___5___(effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.Youneedto___6___(real)readatleastonegoodbookaweek,preferablyaclassic.Thisisn'tashardasit___7___(sound),anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodbecauseyouimproveyourvocabularywhile___8___(read)aninterestingpieceofliterature.Anothernicethingisthatyoulearnbothnewwordsand___9___(they)useunconsciously,meaningthatyouwilltendtousethewords___10___(learn)thiswayinconversationsalmostautomatically.【答案】1.an2.which3.months4.for5.mosteffective6.really7.sounds8.reading9.their10.learned11,【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。1.考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一个”，欧宁以元音音素开头，“一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。2.考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，______meansyou’lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’senoughroomforimprovement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。3.考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由afew可知month应用复数形式。故填months。4.考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。beenoughforsth对……已足够。故填介词for。5.考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的方法之一”，因此填mosteffective。6.考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词read，因此填really。7.考查谓语动词。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.8.考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading...作状语；也可视为状语从句whileyouarereading...的省略形式。故填reading。9.考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。10.考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned/learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”，words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Pinyinisasuccessfultool,which___11___(teach)inChinatoschoolkids.Itisnotmerelyusedbywesternerslikeus.IthasprovedtobeausefultoolforChinesepeople___12___(they)tolearnstandardpronunciationintheirearly11,education.Thefirststepistolearnhow___13___(pronounce)eachletterinpinyincorrectlyandthemeaningofthetonemarkers.Thenyouhavetodo___14___(drill)asmanyasyoucan.Turnthatintoagame.Itcanbe___15___(much)funthanyouwouldexpect.Start___16___singlesyllablesanddothatalotandthensyllablepairs.Slowlymoveontolargergroups.Understandtheinitial,finalandthetones.Butmostimportantly,___17___youneedisgoodfeedback.You’dbetterhavesomeonethatcancorrectyourmistakesimmediately.FindanativeChinese,___18___canlistentoyouandcorrectyou.IfyoutakeChineseclasses,theteacherwill___19___(probable)haveyoudodrillseveryclass.Dothisveryseriously.Ifyouareself-studying,trytomeetnativeChinesepeopleandaskthemtogiveyousomefeedback.Otherwise,trytobeself-criticalandlistenverycarefully.Good___20___(listen)ismorethan50%ofwhatittakestopronouncecorrectly.【答案】11.istaught12.themselves13.topronounce14.drills15.more16.with17.what18.who19.probably20.listening【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。11.考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，tool为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”，所以本句为一般现在时。故填istaught。12.考查反身代词。分析句子可知，拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以Chinesepeople与they的反身代词为同位关系，所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves。13.考查动词不定式。howtodosth在句中作learn的宾语。故填topronounce。14.考查名词复数。drill为可数名词，由“asmanyas”可知，应填drill的复数。故填drills。15.考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，应填much的比较级more。故填more。16.考查介词。startwith“以……开始”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。17.考查连接代词。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，主语为we，谓语为need，所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。11,故填what。18.考查关系代词。分析句子可知，anativeChinese为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为who。故填who。19.考查副词。probably为副词修饰动词have。故填probably。20.考查名词。Good为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinesedragons（龙）arefictionalcreatures,arootofChinesepeoplewhoconsideredthemselvesasthedescendants（后代）ofdragons.Sincetheircreation,Chinesedragons___21___（win）thedeeplovefromChinesepeople,becauseof___22___（they）strongpowerandsymbolicmeanings.Theyplayed___23___importantroleinthehistoryofChinesenation,politics,religion,cultureandChineselanguageandbecameasymbolofChinaandChinesepeople.DragonisabeliefofChinesenationanda___24___（gold）Chineseelement（元素）.Whenapersonhearsthenameofdragon,China___25___（come）tohisorhermind.Asthestrongestanimal___26___（select）byChinesepeople,dragonhasthestrongestpower___27___helpsitgototheHeavenandtheHell,andmakecloudandrains.Inancienttimes,asabelief,dragongavestrongsupportstotherulingofabignation,andtopeople’sfragilespiritsandhardlifebecausepeoplesufferedfromextremenaturaldisastersandlack___28___thesupportsfromscience.The___29___（important）ofdragontoChinesepeopleislikewatertocreatures,andit___30___（reflect）inpeople’sspirit,beliefs,andideology.【答案】21.havewon22.their23.an24.golden25.comes/willcome26.selected27.that28.of29.importance30.isreflected【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国龙是虚构的生物，是中国人的根，他们认为自己是龙的后代。中国龙自诞生以来，以其强大的力量和象征意义赢得了中国人民的喜爱。他们在中华民族的历史、政治、宗教、文化和汉语中发挥了重要作用，成为中国和中国人民的象征。21.考查动词时态。句意：中国龙自诞生以来，以其强大的力量和象征意义赢得了中国人民的喜爱。根据上文Sincetheircreation可知应用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，故填have11,won。22.考查物主代词。根据下文strongpowerandsymbolicmeanings可知应填形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填their。23.考查冠词。句意：他们在中华民族的历史、政治、宗教、文化和汉语中发挥了重要作用，成为中国和中国人民的象征。短语playanimportantrolein“在……发挥重要作用”，故填an。24.考查形容词。句意：龙是中华民族的信仰，是中华民族的黄金元素。element为名词需要形容词修饰，故填golden“黄金的”。25.考查动词时态。句意：当一个人听到龙的名字，他或她的脑海中就会浮现出中国。根据上文Whenapersonhearsthenameofdragon可知应用一般现在时，故填comes或用一般将来时填willcome。26.考查非谓语动词。句意：龙是中国人选择的最强壮的动物，它有最强大的力量帮助它进入天堂和地狱，制造云和雨。本句中select做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填过去分词selected。27.考查定语从句连接词。句意同上。本句为定语从句修饰先行词power且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故填that。28.考查固定短语。句意：在古代，龙作为一种信仰，为一个大国的统治提供了强有力的支持，也为人们遭受极端自然灾害和缺乏科学支持而脆弱的精神和艰难的生活提供了强有力的支持。短语lackof“缺乏”，故填of。29.考查名词。句意：龙对于中国人的重要性就像水对于生物一样，体现在人们的精神、信仰和意识形态上。根据上文the可知应填名词，短语theimportanceof“重要性”。故填importance。30.考查动词时态语态。句意同上。本句主语it与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填isreflected。4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China'sresearchicebreakerXuelong,___31___126crewmembersaboardonthe35thAntarcticresearchmission,onThursdaylocaltimelefttheZhongshanStationon___32___(it)waybacktoChina.SnowEagle601,China'sfirstfixed-wingaircraftforpolarflight,onThursday11,nightalsodepartedfromtheAntarcticafter___33___(complete)allassignments.Xuelong,___34___arrivednearZhongshanonFeb9,suppliedthestationwithfueloil,andthenpickedupsummerexpeditionteammembersattheKunlun,TaishanandZhongshanstations,aswellas___35___(member)ofthefixed-wingaircraftproject.SixteenmembersoftheKunlunteam___36___(previous)completedallscientificexpeditionsatDomeArgus(DomeA),theSouthPole'shighesticecap.They,togetherwith21membersoftheTaishanteam,___37___(return)toZhongshanonFeb8.TheZhongshanteamcompletedtasksincludinginstallationofandtestsforLiDAR,drillingoficebedrock,atmosphericsounding___38___(observe),surveysofbirdsandaerialexplorationcarriedoutbythefixed-wingaircraft.AsthesummerexpeditionteamatZhongshanleft,19memberswouldstayforwinterexpeditions.Also___39___(know)astheSnowDragon,theicebreakercarryingaresearchteamsetsailfromShanghaionNov2lastyear,beginning___40___country’s35thAntarcticexpedition.ItisexpectedtoarriveinShanghaiinmid-March.【答案】31.with32.its33.completing34.which35.members36.previously37.returned38.observation39.known40.the【解析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了雪龙号科考船在南极的科考经历。31.考查介词。句意：中国的“雪龙”号破冰船于当地时间周四离开中山站，返回中国，船上共有126名船员执行第35次南极考察任务。根据句意此处应为伴随的意思，with意为伴随。故填with。32.考查代词。修饰名词way用形容词性物主代词，onone’swayback为固定搭配，意为“在某人回来的路上”，又因主语为China’sresearchicebreakerXuelong。故填its。33.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国首架极地飞行固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”周四晚也在完成所有任务后离开南极。介词after后加动名词作介词的宾语。故填completing。34.考查非限定性定语从句。句意：雪龙于2月9日抵达中山附近，为该站提供燃油。which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰Xuelong，又因从句缺少主语。故填which。35.考查名词的数。句意：随后又在昆仑、泰山和中山站接回了夏季考察队队员，以及固定翼飞机项目的队员。队员肯定不止一个。故填members。11,36.考查副词。句意：昆仑探险队的16名队员先前在南极最高冰盖穹顶阿古斯（穹顶A）完成了所有科学考察。修饰动词completed应使用副词形式，previous的副词形式为previously。故填。37.考查一般过去时。句意：他们和21名泰山队队员于2月8日返回中山。文章的基本时态为一般过去时，return的一般过去式为returned。故填returned。38.考查名词。句意：中山队完成了激光雷达的安装和试验、冰层岩石的钻探、大气探测观测、鸟类调查和固定翼飞机进行的空中探测等任务。由此处为四个并列的名词短语知应使用observe的名词形式，observe的名词形式为observation。故填observation。39.考查过去分词。句意：也被称为“雪龙”号的破冰船去年11月2日从上海启航。主语theicebreaker和动词know是被动关系用过去分词，knownas为固定搭配，意为“被称为”。故填known。40.考查定冠词。句意：开始了中国第35次南极考察。此处特指雪龙号考察船。故填the。5阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Onenight,___41___winter,abearcameintothecityinVancouverCanada.Itwalkedthroughthecitystreetspasthouses,shopsandoffices.Thenit___42___(find)somefoodinbinsoutsidearestaurantandstartedeating.Inthemorning,someonesawthebearandcalledthepolice.Thepolicecamewithavet(兽医)fromthecityzoo.Theyputthebearinalorryandtookittothemountainsoutsidethecity.___43___(lucky),thebearwassafe.But___44___happensinothercountrieswhenbiganimalscomeintocities?InVancouveritisunusual___45___(see)abear,butinsomecitiesyoucanseebiganimalsonthecitystreetseveryday.Biganimalsusuallycomeintocitiestofindfood.InCapeTowninSouthAfricababoons(狒狒)comeintothecitywhentheyare___46___(hunger).Humanfoodisverybadforthebaboons___47___(tooth)becauseithasalotofsugar.Now,thereareBaboonMonitorsworkinginCapeTown.___48___(they)jobistofindbaboonsinthecityandreturnthemtothecountryside.InBerlininGermany,pigssometimescomeintothecityforfood.Theyeatflowersandplantsinparksandgardens.Sometimestheyeatvegetablesfromgardens___49___theywalkinthestreet,causingaccidents.Somepeoplelikethepigsandtheygive11,themfoodandwatertodrink.Otherpeopledonotlikethepigsandtheywantthegovernmentandthepolicetostopthem___50___(enter)thecity.【答案】41.in42.found43.Luckily44.what45.tosee46.hungry47.teeth48.Their49.and50.entering【解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了世界各个城市动物进入城市中寻找食物的现象。41.考查介词。句意：冬天的一个晚上，一只熊来到了加拿大温哥华。短语inwinter“在冬天”，故填in。42.考查动词时态。句意：然后它在一家餐馆外面的垃圾箱里发现了一些食物，开始吃起来。根据下文并列谓语started可知应用一般过去时，故填found。43.考查副词。句意：幸运的是，熊是安全的。修饰整个句子应用副词，故填Luckily。44.考查疑问代词。句意：但是在其他国家，当大型动物进入城市时会发生什么呢?短语whathappen“发生什么事”，故填what。45.考查非谓语动词。句意：在温哥华，熊是不常见的，但在一些城市，你每天可以看到大动物在城市街道上。固定句式itisunusualtodosth.“做某事是不寻常的”。故填tosee。46.考查形容词。句意：在南非的开普敦，狒狒在饥饿的时候来到城市。根据上文are可知应填形容词作表语，故填hungry。47.考查名词的数。句意：人类的食物对狒狒的牙齿非常有害，因为它含有大量的糖。tooth为可数名词，前面没有冠词故应用复数形式。故填teeth。48.考查物主代词。句意：他们的工作是在城市里找到狒狒，然后把它们送回农村。job为名词需要形容词性物主代词修饰，故填Their。49.考查连词。句意：有时他们吃蔬菜从花园和他们走在街上，造成事故。根据句意上下文为承接关系，故填and。50.考查非谓语动词。句意：其他人不喜欢猪，他们希望政府和警察阻止他们进入城市。短语stopsbdoingsth.“阻止某人做某事”，故填entering。11