Unit 8 Abilities 知识清单（预习 复习 知识点巩固练习）2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

8AUnit8Naturaldisasters知识清单一、ComicstripandWelcometotheunit.1.naturaldisasters自然灾害2.beallwet(全身)湿透3.wakeup醒来【wakesb.up动副词组，代词放中间】【wake过去式→woke】4.Iwassleepingwhenitstartedtorain.当天开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。5.mopupthewater=mopthewaterup把水拖干【mopitup动副词组，代词放中间】【注】mop→过去式：moppedmop→现在分词：mopping6.losethefinal输掉了决赛7.crashintoatree猛撞到一棵树上8.thousandsofpeople成千上万的人【threethousandpeople三千人】9.washawaythevillage冲走了村庄【washitaway动副词组，代词放中间】10.acaraccident一起小汽车交通事故11.Lightningstartsabigfire闪电引发了一场大火12.fallfromthetree从树上摔下来=dropfromthetree=falloffthetree13.hearaboutthefire听说这场火灾=hearofthefire14.aheavystormwiththunderandlightning带有雷电的一场风暴15.catchfire=beonfire着火二、Reading1.anearthquake一场地震2.feelaslightshake感到一阵轻微的震动3.hearaloudnoiselikethunder听到像打雷一样的大的声响4.screaminfear惊恐地尖叫5.runoutofthebuilding从楼房内跑出来6.tryone’sbesttorunout(ofthebuilding)尽力跑出(大楼)7.Peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.当一块块的玻璃和砖块掉下来的时候，人们向四面八方跑去。★【重点】①runinalldirections向四面八方跑②piecesofglassandbricks一块块的玻璃和砖块③falldown掉下来【fall过去式→fell】8.comedown坍塌下来9.Icouldnotseeanythingatall.我根本看不到任何东西。★【区分】①Idon’tliketheteacheratall.我一点也不喜欢这个老师。【not...atall一点也不，根本不=not...abit】②Idon’tliketheteacheralittle.我非常喜欢这个老师。（不是一点点喜欢）【not...alittle非常，很多】③A：Thankyouverymuch.多谢你了。B：Notatall.不客气。【Notatall.含义很多：不用谢；不客气；没什么；没关系等】10.Ididnotknowifanyoneelsewasnearme.我不知道我的附近是否有其它任何人。★【区分】①if意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句，放在动词后，从句时态该用什么时态就用何种时态。②if意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句，当主句是将来时，从句用一班现在时。【精典考题】:Idon’tknowif(是否)hewillcomebacktomorrow.If(如果)hecomesbacktomorrow,Iwillcallyou.11.betrapped被困住了【被动语态】12.saytooneself自言自语地说13.★Amomentoffearwentthroughmymind.一阵恐惧感袭上心头/掠过我的脑海。【重点】①mind作名词：精神，心力，智慧;心胸，头脑，见解，意见等（不可数）bodyandmind身心；changeone’smind改变某人的想法,②mind作动词：介意、反对等★mindsb./sb’sdoingsth.A:Doyoumindme/mysmokinghere?你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？B:You’dbetternot.你最好不要在这吸烟。（表示反对）B:Ofcoursenot./certainlynot./Notatall.当然不介意。/一点不介意。14.ItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.既然我还活着，我告诉我自己要镇定。【since连词：既然、由于（引导状语从句）】★【区分】①alive【意为：活着的。只能做表语，构成系表结构，不能做定语修饰名词】Eg:Theystillstayedaliveaftertheearthquake.②living【意为：活着的。可做表语，也可做定语修饰名词】Eg:Mr Zhang is a living Lei Feng in our school.③lively【意为：生动的、活泼的。可做表语，也可做定语修饰名词】Eg:He told a very lively story about his life in America. MrYangalwaysmakeshisclasseslively.【形容词作宾补】15.shoutforhelp大声喊救命16.pullmyselfslowlythroughthedark慢慢地移动我自己（的身体）穿过黑暗17.Therewasenoughspaceformetomove.有足够的空间供我移动。18.findone’swayout找到某人的出路19.hearshoutsfromexcitedpeople听到激动的人们的叫声20.moveawaythebricks搬走砖块21.seethebrightdaylight看见明亮的日光22.★【区】①asleep形容词：睡着的（只作表语，不作定语修饰名词）反：awake醒着的Eg:fallasleep（无意识）入睡②sleepy形容词：想睡的，困倦的（只作表语，不作定语修饰名词）Eg:feelsleepy感到很困倦23.beatvi./vt.跳动,作节奏运动【beat过去式→beat】三、Grammar【语法】A.动词与句子结构（英语中的五种基本句型）。【一】、过去进行时结构：was/were+动词的现在分词否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。如：Hewasreadingabookat5:00pmyesterday.→Hewasnotreadingabookat5:00yesterday.→Washereadingabookat5:00yesterday?(Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.)→Whatwashedoingat5:00yesterday?【二】、过去进行时用法：（1）过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻（时间点）正在进行的动作，常和过去的状语连用。如：（just）then那时，当时；atthis/thattime在这/那时；atthatmoment=then在那时at3:00yesterdayafternoon在昨天下午三点；（at）thistimeyesterday在昨天这个时候①Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？②IwaswatchingTVathomeat3:00yesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午三点正在家里看电视。③Theywereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。（2）过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内（时间段）正在进行的动作。常与thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight，lastnight等时间状语连用。①From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。②Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter.去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。③Hewaswritingabookthosedays.那几天他正在写一本书。（3）根据情境或上下文需要使用过去进行时。A:Isawyouinthelibraryyesterdaymorning.Whatwereyoudoingthere?,B:IwasreadingabookonDiaoyuIsland.（4）过去进行时常出现在含有when和while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中.eg.①Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyfathergothome.=Whenmyfathergothome,Iwasplayingcomputergames.②MotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.=WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,motherwascooking.★when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当…….时候”之意，用法稍有不同：结论※a.when后常跟短动词（瞬间动词），有时也可跟长动词。while后只能接长动词（延续性动词或be动词）。※b.主句和从句两个动作都发生在过去，长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时，短动作发生在长动作进行的过程当中。※C.while连接两个长动作，当两个动作一长一短时，while(when)放在长动词的前面，when放在短动词的前面。（5）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我写了一封信。（信写完了）Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在写一封信。（信不一定写完）②ThechildrenwatchedTVyesterdayevening.昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。（强调过去发生了这件事）ThechildrenwerewatchingTVyesterdayevening.昨晚孩子们都在看电视。（强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性）【语法】B.when,while,as用法▲1.when,while,as意义“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。①when+短动词或长动词②as+短动词或长动词③while+长动词(be动词也是长动词）▲2.①while连接两个长动作，两个动作同时发生。（主句和从句都是长动词，常用进行时）FatherwaswatchingTVwhilemotherwascookingdinner.②as连接两个同时发生的短动词。AndycameintotheroomasMilliesatdownonthesofa.③一个长动作和一个短动作，短动作发生在长动作过程之中，也就是说，长动作先发生，短动作后发生。分两种情况：A.主句是长动作，从句用when+短动作。IwaswathingTVwhenfathergothome.B.主句是短动作，从句用while/as/when+长动作。Fathergothomewhile/as/whenIwaswatchingTV.▲3.as还有一种特殊用法，用于两个平行结构。表示：一个主语同时进行两个动作；一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化.（意为：①一边做……一边做……②随着……）①Hesangasheworked.他边工作边唱歌。②Ashegrewolder，hebecamemoreconfident.随着年龄的增长他变得更加自信。▲4.when/while+doingsth.★Jimfoundadeadcatwhenenteringtheroom.★Jimheardaloudshoutwhiledoinghishomeworkatninelastnight.【语法】C.重点短语句型1.Isawyouandyourmotherstandingonthesideoftheroad.【seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(感官动词用法)】2.kicktheball踢球,3.breakdown出故障、坏掉【break过去式→broke】4.becauseofthecoldweather由于寒冷天气5.ringsomeonetocomeandhelp打电话叫人来帮忙6.build/makeasnowman堆雪人7.fallover摔倒8.makeabigsnowball滚一个大雪球四、Integratedskills1.getoutassoonaspossible尽快出去【as...aspossible=as...assb.can尽可能】2.protectyourselffromthicksmoke保护你自己免受隆烟(之苦)3.staylowtotheground贴着地面4.Nevergobackintothebuildingonfire决不要返回去进入着火的楼房5.walkthroughthefloodwater在洪水中行走6.follow/obeytrafficrules遵守交通规则7.keepourselvessafefromfires保持我们自己安全远离火患8.Whatshouldwedoifourbuildingisonfire?【beonfire=catchfire】如果我们大楼着火了，我们怎么办?9.useawettoweltocovermymouth用一块湿毛巾捂住我的嘴【use...todo...=use...fordoing...】=covermymouthwithawettowel10.stayawayfromawindow远离窗户11.covertheburnwithacleantowel用一块干净的毛巾捂住烧伤的伤口五、Studyskills创造新单词：将两个单词合在一起构成合成词。直接合成直接合成rail+wayrailwaybook+shopbookshopearth+quakeearthquakeclass+roomclassroompan+cakepancakecountry+sidecountrysidesnow+ballsnowballgentle+mangentlemangrand+daughtergranddaughterhouse+workhouseworkgrand+songrandsonnews+papernewspaperblack+boardblackboardsuper+marketsupermarketnotice+boardnoticeboard公告栏week+dayweekday中间加“-”来合成week+endweekendnorth+eastnorth-easthead+acheheadachepart+timepart-time兼职的★【注】：policeman,fisherman,Englishman,postman等是复合词，复数将a改成e.但：Walkman,human,German不是合成词，复数在后面加s.六、Task1.shareanumbrellawithsb.与某人合用一把伞2.astrongwindcamefrombehind一阵强风从背后袭来【此句中为behind为地点副词】3.thenextmorning第二天早晨（非明天早晨，特指过去或将来某个时间点的第二天早晨）4.Thesnowkeptfalling.一直下雪【keep+doingsth.】5.hearthenoiseoftraffic听到车辆的嘈杂声6.clearthesnowfromthestreet清除街上的积雪七、书面表达2008年初，我国南方遭遇了50年来最大的雪灾。在这场雪灾中，政府积极采取措施向灾区提供援助，人们自发参与，共同抗灾。Linda拍摄了一些相关照片，Linda的澳大利亚的笔友Jack想了解一些中国南方的雪灾情况。结合所给5幅图的信息，请你以Linda的名义给Jack写封e-mail，描述灾情和人们抗灾的情况。,Hi,JackAheavysnowhitmostpartsofSouthChina.Itbroughtpeoplelotsoftrouble.Inourcity______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes,Linda,知识点测试一、单项选择（共20小题;每小题1分，计20分）()1.---Haveyouheardabout____bigfireinthetown?---Yes.____accidentalsohappenedthere.　　　A.a,theB.the,aC.the,anD.the,the()2.Samwasreadinganewspaper_______hisbrotherfellontotheground.A.whenB.asC.assoonasD.while()3.Youmustdriveslowlytoday.It’sdangeroustodrivetoofast_________afoggyday.A.inB.atC.onD.of(　)4.—IsJackinthenextroom?—Well,it'shardtosay.ButIheardhim_____loudlywhenIpassedbyjustnow.A.speakB.tospeakC.spokenD.speaking(　　)5.Thiswashingmachine________．Itneedstoberepaired.A.workedwellB.brokedownC.ranupD.wenton(　　)6.ThesinkingaccidentinKoreahappened____April16,2014and____peoplelosttheirlives.A.in;hundredsB.on;manyhundredsC.on;hundredsofD.at;manyhundredof(　　)7.Tokeepchildrensafe,we________putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse.A.mayB.shouldC.canD.might(　　)8.Milliewaswalking________theforestwhileJackwasswimming________theriver.A.across;throughB.across;acrossC.through;acrossD.through;through()9.Atfirst,thewomanfeltaslightshakeherbody.A.fromB.acrossC.throughD.over()10.―Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.―Sorry,Iwithmyparentsatthattime.A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshopping()11.Weshoulddriveasas.A.careful;possibleB.carefully;possibleC.careful;canD.carefully;can()12.youknowEnglishisimportant,youshouldlearnitwell.A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseofD.Though()13.―WouldyoumindifIturnontheradio?―.Thebabyissleepinginthenextroom.A.No,Idon'tmindB.NotatallC.BetternotD.That'sallright()14.Look!Thedogisstill_______aftertheflood.　　　A.liveB.aliveC.livelyD.lived()15.Theflooriswet.Wouldyoulike___________?　　　A.mopupitB.tomopupitC.mopitupD.tomopitup()16.It_______heavily________Ileftschoolyesterday.　　　A.wassnowing;whenB.wassnowing;whileC.snowed;whenD.issnowy;as()17.---Didyouheartheshouts_________theboy?　　　---Yes.WhenI________there,Ifoundtheboylookingatasnake.　　　A.from;gottoB.from;gotC.for;arrivedatD.in;arrived()18.Therewasaheavystorm_______thunderandlightning.Buthehadtogetthere______thedark.　　　A.had;inB.with;throughC.had;throughD.with;on()19.ItwassodarkthatIcouldnotseeif______wasbymyside., A.someone   B.anyone        C.everyone   D.noone()20.I’mnotsureifhe__________themeetingifhe___________nextweek.A.attends;comesback    B.willattend;comesback    C.willattend;willcomeback     D.attends;willcomeback二、词汇运用（共20空；每空1分，满分20分）1.I’velookedformymoney____________(到处),butIstillcan’tfindit.2.Themanlosthislifeinthetraffic_____________(事故).3.OurEnglishteacherdidn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseof_____________(头痛).4.Peoplelookedateachotherin_____________(恐惧).5.Unluckily,ourschoolfootballteam______________(输掉)thefinal.6.It’sdangerousforpeopletotakephotoson________________(铁路).7.―Whatdoyouthinkofmyidea?―Sorry,whatdidyousay?I(think)aboutsomethingelse.8.Theliftdidn’tworkandwewere(trap)inside.9.Mycar(break)downontheway,soIhadtocall122forhelp.10.Mum(mop)thefloorwhenIgothomeyesterday.11.Ifhe(notfollow)trafficrules,hewillbefined(罚款).12.Hefell(sleep)whenhewaswatchingTV.13.Ilostmyumbrellainthestrongwindand(near)fellover.14.Hetalkedmore(loud)aftertheteacherlefttheclassroom.15.Ona(snow)morning,manycarshiteachother.16.Doyoulikethebasketballplayer(name)LinShuhao?17.Which(direct)didtheygoto?Doyouknow?18.Theaverageperson’sheart(beat)70timesaminute,right?19.Itistoo(noise)outsideformetohearyouclearly.20.Iwashavingbreakfastwhenthedoorbell(ring).三、翻译句子。(每句2分，共10分)1.蝴蝶朝四面八方飞去。Butterfliesflewaway_________________________.2.我根本看不到任何东西，并且不知道我附近是否还有别人。Icouldn'tsee________________________,andIdidn'tknowif________________wasnearme.3.“昨晚，杰克发生了什么事情？”“他在回家的路上摔跤了。”—________________________Jacklastnight？　—He________________onhiswayhome.4.许多人正尽力把街上的雪清理干净。Manypeople_________________________________thesnowfromthestreets.5.当我平静下来的时候，我发现我被困在黑暗中。WhenI________________,IfoundI_________________inthedark.