2023-2024学年八年级英语牛津译林版下册Unit 7 International charities知识清单.（预习复习）

8BUnit7Internationalcharities知识清单一、ComicstripandWelcometotheunit.1.internationalcharities国际慈善结构★charity作“慈善机构”时为可数名词；作“慈善（事业）”时为不可数名词。2.Moremoneyisneededforcharity.慈善事业需要更多的钱。【补动语态】3.havesomemoneyleft有些剩下的零花钱【left过去分词作宾补】4.haveabiglunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐5.I’mtooweaktowalkanyfurther（=farther).我身体太虚弱了不能再走得更远了。6.Weonlyhavefivekilometresleft.我们仅剩下5公里了。【left过去分词作宾补】7.acharitycalledUNICEF一个被叫做联合国儿童基金会的慈善机构8.charitiesaroundtheworld全世界的慈善机构=charitiesallovertheworld9.Ithelpsbuildabetterworldforeveryone,especiallychildrenallovertheworld.【especially副词：特别，尤其。前面一个句子再加一个逗号】它为每个人帮助建立一个更加美好的世界，尤其是全世界的儿童。10.providebasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas为贫困地区的儿童提供基础的教育【回顾】providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.提供某物给某人offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth.提供某物给某人11.workfortheequalrightsofgirlsandwomen为女孩和妇女争取平等权利12.preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases阻止一些严重疾病在年轻人中传播【重点】①spread作名词：传播②spread作动词：传播→过去式：spread→过去分词：spread13.You’vedoneagoodjob.你们做得很好。doagoodjob=welldone干得好二、Reading1.haveaninterviewwithanORBISdoctor采访一名奥比斯医生【回顾】haveaninterviewwithsb.=interviewsb.采访某人2.80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedorcured.百分之八十的这些病例能预防和治好。3.don’thavemoneyformedicaltreatment没有钱来进行医学治疗★=can’taffordmedicaltreatment4.aFlyingEyeHospital一所飞行眼科医院5.ontheplane在飞机上6.volunteerdoctorsdooperations志愿者医生做手术★do/performanoperationonsb.=operateonsb.给某人做手术7.beusedasatrainingcentre被用做培训中心8.can’taffordtogotohospital付不起看病的钱★①affordtodosth.付不起做某事的费用②affordsth.付不起某事的费用9.Localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.当地的医生和护士被邀请到飞机上来了解有关眼科手术。①onboard=ontheplane在飞机上②learnabouteyeoperations了解有关眼科手术10.teachusnewskills教我们新技术11.Bytrainingthem,wehopetohelpmorepeople.通过培训他们，我们希望帮助更多的人。8BUnit7知识清单第1页共5页 12.duringmylastvisit(tosp.)在我上一次（去某地）访问过程中13.★150patientswereoperatedon.给150名病人做手术。(补动语态）→operateon150patients给150名病人做手术(主动语态）14.I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.①★be(feel)proudtodosth.做某事很自豪/骄傲【proud（形容词）→pride（名词）】=be(feel)proudofdoingsth.★beproud+that从句★beproudofsb./sth.=takeprideinsb./sth.为某人/某事感到自豪/骄傲Eg:WeareproudofMoYan.=KatetakesprideinMoYan.我们为莫言感到骄傲。②helpblindpeopleseeagain帮助盲人重见光明③improvetheirlives提高他们的生活水平15.Modernmedicineisdevelopingquickly.现代医学正发迅速发展。①develop动词→过去式/过去分词：developed→现在分词：developing②developed作形容词：发达的；developing作形容词：发展中的Eg:Germanyisadevelopedcountry,whileChinaisadevelopingcountry.③development(n.)发展eg:WeareproudofthequickdevelopmentofChina.16.Mosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.【补动语态】大多数眼睛毛病和疾病能够被治疗和治愈。17.Moremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.更多的钱被需要来继续我们的工作。★①carryonwithsth.=goonwithsth.=continuesth.继续某事②carryondoingsth.=goondoingsth.=continuedoingsth.继续做某事18.treatpeoplewitheyeproblems治疗带有眼疾的人19.【回顾】receivetreatment接受治疗；beundertreatment在治疗中三、Grammar:一般现在时和一般过去时中的被动语态。【语法】A.主动语态与被动语态的概念：英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)例：TheyspeakEnglish.（主动语态）主谓宾Englishisspokenbythem.（被动语态）主谓介词短语注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例：⑴Welistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.主谓宾→Theteacherislistenedtobyuscarefullyinclass.主谓介词短语⑵Welaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyus.【语法】B.被动语态的结构与用法：㈠结构：be+done(过去分词)8BUnit7知识清单第2页共5页 被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am,is,are也可能是was,were或原形be。注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。㈡用法：例：①Historyismadebythepeople.(一般现在时)②ThecarsweremadeinTianjingin1995.(一般过去时)③Thetreewillbecutdownnextyear.(一般将来时)④Theroommustbekeptclean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）⑤Thedoorisbeingopened.（现在进行时）⑥Thefilmhasbeenseenbyme.（现在完成时）注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneHeisaskedtodothis.一般过去时was/weredoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.一般将来时willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.现在进行时am/is/arebeingdoneThenovelisbeingwritten.过去进行时was/werebeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingmade.现在完成时has/havebeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.【语法】C.被动语态的各种句型：1.Thesongislikedbyyoungpeople.(肯定句)2.Thesongisn’tlikedbyyoungpeople（否定句）3.Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?（一般疑问句）4.Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?（特殊疑问句）【归纳】：主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语⑵动词改为变动形式bedone(同时注意时态)⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去例：Themankilledatiger.→Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)【语法】D.重点短语句型1.Leafletsarehandedouttopeopleinthestreeteveryyear.每年传单由志愿者们在街上散发。①handoutleaflets散发传单【handout=giveout分发；散发】②handout动副词组→handit/themout2.ToysandCDsaresoldtoraisemoney.①raisesth.forsb.为某人募捐某物eg:raisemoneyforProjectHope为希望工程筹集资金②★比较：Thekindofwatchesissoldinthisshop.Thekindofwatchessellswellinthisshop.【sellwell搭配使用：畅销（无被动）】3.theStudents’Union学生会4.OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942.Oxfam是1942年在英国成立的。★setup成立，创立→besetup被成立；被创立5.AlotofthingsaresoldinOxfamshops,includingbooks.【including介词，放句子后，逗号后】8BUnit7知识清单第3页共5页 6.millionsofpoorchildren好几百万的贫穷孩子四、Integratedskills1.UNICEFispartoftheUnitedNations.联合国儿童基金会是联合国不可分割的一部分。【回顾】partof不可分割的部分；apartof可以分割的部分2.Manychildren’sliveswerechangedbecauseofthewar.许多孩子的生活由于战争而被改变。3.preventthemfromgettingillness阻止他们得病【回顾】prevent/stopsb.(from)doingsth.=keepsb.fromdoingsth阻止某人做某事4.raisemoneybysellingChristmascardsandorganizingotheractivities通过卖圣诞卡片和组织别的活动筹集资金5.What’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么了?6.havegotatoothache患牙痛7.nothingserious不严重8.takethismedicineaftermealsthreetimesaday饭后服这付药一日三次9.You’llbeallright/OK/wellinafewdays.几天后你就会好起来的。【用howsoon对划线提问：HowsoonwillIbeallright?】五、Studyskills（一）Usingpunctuationmarks标点符号的使用。标点用法为了隔开一系列单词。逗号分开短语和从句。句号用在问句和感叹句以外的句子的末尾。问号用在直接问句的末尾。感叹号用于表达惊讶、快乐、愤怒、震惊或其它强烈情感的句子末尾。引号用于直接引语中引用别人语。（二）重点短语句型。1.Willitbeasuccess?它会取得成功吗？Eg:Whatabigsuccessthecharityshowwas!那次慈善表演取得了多么大的成功呀！2.Notimetobenervousanymore.没有时间再紧张了。六、Task1.asecretaryofabigcompany一家大公司的秘书2.drivetowork开车去上班3.traveltomanyplaces到许多地方旅行4.beafraidofflying害怕坐飞机出行5.makeupone’smindtotrainasanurse下定决心接受培训成为一个护士★①makeupone’smindtodosth.=decidetodosth.下定决心做某事=makeadecisiontodosth.②trainasanurse（接受）培训成为一个护士6.attendcoursesafterwork下班后参加课程(学习)7.get/beusedtotravellingbyplane习惯做飞机旅行【be/getusedtodoingsth.】8.haveasmuchmoneyasbefore有和以前一样多的钱9.begladtobeabletohelppeopleseeagain很高兴能帮助人们重见光明10.usedtoworkonthefarmallday过去常常整天在农场劳动【usedtodosth.】11.aUNICEFofficer一个联合国儿童基金会的官员8BUnit7知识清单第4页共5页 12.learnabouttheconditionsofthelocalpeople了解当地人的状况8BUnit7知识清单第5页共5页