2023-2024学年八年级英语牛津译林版下册Unit 4 A good read.知识清单（预习复习）

8BUnit4Agoodread知识清单一、ComicstripandWelcometotheunit.1.agoodread一本好的读物2.decidewhattodowiththesebooks决定如何处理这些书【动词+特殊疑问词+todosth.】=decidehowtodealwiththesebooks3.givethemtome把它们给我【givesth.tosb.】4.Ididn’tknowyoulikedbooks!【用过去词强调：过去不知道，但现在已知道了】Eg:①A:Iamgladtomeetyouhere.Ididn’tknowyouwereinJapan.B:Icameherein2017.②A:Pleasedon’tsmokehere.Lookatthesing.B:Oh,sorry.Ididn’tseeit.5.havetousethemtoreachtheboxonthefridge不得不用它们够冰箱上的盒子【use....todo....】6.abookaboutGermanyinWorldWarII一本关于二战中的德国方面的书★Germany(n.)德国→German(n.)德国人，复数：Germans【同Walkmans,humans】7.improvemyknowledgeofthepast提高我的历史知识★know→knowledge【不可数名词】8.inyoursparetime在你的业余时间=inyourfreetime9.tellthestoryoftheuglyman讲述那个丑陋的人的故事【ugly比较级→uglier】二、Reading1.crashagainsttherocks撞在岩石上【crash不及物动词，后接介词】【回顾】crashintoatree猛撞到一棵树上【重点】against介词：①靠eg:standagainstthedoor靠着门站立②迎着eg:runagaingthestrongwind迎着大风奔跑③对抗eg:playagainstthefootballteamfromJapan与来自日本的足球队打比赛④反对eg:Iamagainsthisplan.我反对他的计划。反义词：for赞成⑤违反eg:dosomethingagainstthelaw做了违反法律的事情2.swimasfarassb.can/possible尽可能的游远3.IswamasfastasIcould.BythetimeIfinallyfeltthelandundermyfeet,Iwastiredout.我尽可能向远处游。当我的脚感触到地面时，我筋疲力尽了。①bythetime....1)到…时候为止;2)…当……的时候②betiredout筋疲力尽4.falldownonthebeach摔倒在海滩上5.betiedtotheground被绑到地上【被动语态】★tieA.toB.把A拴到B上【tie→tying】Eg:Look!.Heistyingthehorsetothetree.6.moveupovermystomach向上移动越过我的肚子★stomach→复数：stomachs7.★until用法：until用于肯定句或否定句，引导时间状语从句（主将从现）。要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是短动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是长动词时，则常用肯定形式。Eg:Iwillwaituntilhecomesback.（wait是长动词）Iwillnotleaveuntilhecomesback.（leave是短动词）(not…until意为“直到……才……”)Ididn’tgohomeuntilIfinishedmyhomework.【主句从句均为过去时】8.bethesamesizeasmylittlefinger和小手指一样大小=beasbigasmylittlefinger9.startclimbingalloverme开始爬过(我的)全身=starttoclimballoverme10.fallover摔倒(尤指被…绊倒;意外地从…上跌落）11.continuemovingacrossmybody继续在我的身上移动★①continuedoingsth.=continuetodosth.=goonwithsth.=goondoingsth.8BUnit4知识清单第1页共5页,继续做某事（同一件事）★②goontodosth.继续做某事（做另一件事）12.begintotalktome开始和我交流13.Ididnotknowwhattosayeither.我也不知道该说什么。★either用法：（1）表示“也”，用于否定句，也too相对应。Tomdoesn'tlikefootball,Idon't,likeeither.=Tomdoesn'tlikefootball,neither/nordoI.Tomlikesfootball,Ilikefootball,too.=Tomlikesfootball,sodoI.（2）表示“二者中的（任）一个”。Ihaveonlyoneticket.Eitherofyoucangototheconcert.Youcanseemanytreesoneither/eachsideoftheroad.Youcanseemanytreesonbothsidesoftheroad.（3）either...or....表示“或者...或者...，不是...就是...”，最近的原则。EitheryouorLucyiswrong.14.Itriedtopullonehandfreeandfinallymanagedtobreaktheropes.我尝试想挣脱一只手，最后想方设法挣断了绳子。①pullonehandfree空出一只手②★managetodosth.设法完成某事（并取得成功）【manager经理】15.liftmylefthandintotheair把我的左手举到空中16.ahugearmyoftinypeople一大群小人17.runawayfromthem从他们（手中）逃离18.don’tknowhowtogetaway不知道怎样逃脱19.holdthingstogetherwithropes用绳子将东西捆在一起20.findhimselfunabletomove发现他自己不能动了【unable形容词作宾补】★can=beableto;can’t=beunableto三、Grammar【语法】A.特殊疑问词+todosth.【特殊疑问词引导动词不定放动词后作宾语（或主语），可以转化为宾语从句】①第一种：动词+特殊疑问词+todosth.Eg:Milliehasdecidedwhattodo.【whattodo作decide宾语】【what疑问代词，作及物动词do的宾语】Idon’tknowhowtodoit.【how为疑问代词，不能做do的宾语，加it作do宾语】Danieldidnotsaywhototalkto/withaboutthisbook.【★talk不及物动词，后面要加介词】Simonforgotwhentomeethisfriends.Kittycannotdecidewhichtochoosefirst.Sandyiswonderingwheretoaskforhelp.Amydoesnotknowhowtowritethereport.以上简单句均可以改成复合句:（含宾语从句）Milliehasdecidedwhatshewilldo.Danieldidnotsaywhohewouldtalkto/withaboutthisbook.Simonforgotwhenhewouldmeethisfriends.Kittycannotdecidewhichtochoosefirst.Sandyiswonderingwheretoaskforhelp.Amydoesnotknowhowtowritethereport.意：why没有此用法：Suzywillexplainwhytorecommendthisbook.【×】8BUnit4知识清单第2页共5页,Suzywillexplainwhysherecommendsthisbook.【√】②第二种：动词+宾语+特殊疑问词+todosth.【动词后接双宾语】Eg：MrWuadviseduswhichtochooseasafter-schoolactivities.【S+V+IO+DO】Thestudentsaskedtheirteacherwhentohandintheirwork.【S+V+IO+DO】Millieshoweduswhattodonext.【S+V+IO+DO】Danieltaughthimselfhowtouseacomputertodraw.【S+V+IO+DO】Don’tforgettotellyourmumwheretomeetyou.③第三种：动词+（宾语）+特殊疑问词+名词+todosth.Theyarediscussingwhichcolourtopaintthewalls.Youcanaskyourparentshowmuchmoneytotakewithyou.④第四种：be+形容词+特殊疑问词+todosth.【be+形容词，系表结构相当于谓语动词】Suzywasnotsurewhotoaskforhelp.Areyouclearwhentomeetatthegatetomorrow?★【特别区分】①Hefelloverwhenhewasrunninginthepark.【when引导时间状从】=Hefelloverwhenrunninginthepark.②Idon’tknowwhenIcanplayfootball.【when引导宾语从句】=Idon’tknowwhentoplayfootball.③Whenwewillgoonapicnichasn’tbeendecided.【when引导主语从句】=Whentogoonapicnichasn’tbeendecided.【语法】B.使用：must和haveto.①must必须(主观意愿或制度/法规)eg:Wemustkeepquietinthelibrary.Wemuststudyhard.②mustn’t禁止(制度/法规,语气强烈)eg:Youmustn’tsmokehere.③haveto不得不，必须(客观需求)eg:Ihavetobringmyumbrellabecauseoftherain.④don’thaveto不必=don’tneedto=needn’teg:Youdon’tneedtohandinthehomeworktoday.Youcanhanditintomorrow.【回顾】--MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?--No,youneedn’t.Youcanhanditintomorrow.(--Yes,youmust.)【must提问，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t】【语法】C.重点短语句型1.somanyinterestingbooks如此多的有趣的书2.decidewhichtoreadfirst决定先读哪一个3.insuchashorttime在如此短的时间内4.whentohandinourbookreport何时上交我们的读书报告【handin动副词组，代词放中间】★handit/themin上交它（们）→handit/themout分发它（们）5.ansoon......等等6.readsomereviews读一些评论7.knowwhotoaskforhelpwithwriting知道在写作方面向谁求助8.keepquietinthelibrary在图书馆保持安静9.returnthebooksontime按时归还这些书=givethebooksbackontime=givebackthebooksontime①【★giveback动副词组，代词放中间→giveit/themback】②ontime按时，准时；intime及时；attimes有时10.havetorenewthebooks不得不续借这些书四、Integratedskills8BUnit4知识清单第3页共5页,1.readthestoriestohersister读故事给她妹妹听2.gettheideafor...得到....的想法/灵感3.onatraintriptoLondon在去伦敦旅行的火车上4.refusetopublishit拒绝出版（这本书）5.finishtheseventhbookoftheseries完成一系列中的第七部书6.（be)agreatsuccess一个巨大的成功★做某事取得成功：havesuccessat/insth.【success名词】=besuccessfulin(doing)sth.【successful形容词】=dosth.successfully【successfully副词】=succeedindoingsth.【succeed动词】7.betranslatedintoabout70languages被翻译成约70种语言8.HowmanybookscanIborrowatatime?一次我能借多少本书？【atatime=everytime=eachtime每次，在一次】9.HowlongcanIkeepthebooks?我能借这些书多长时间？【howlong与keep长动词搭配】五、Studyskills(一）上下文的连接词。当我们写一篇文章时，我们有不同的方法来连接上下文的思想，这里是常用的连接词。用法(usage)连接词和短语表达时间before,after,while,atfirst,soon,later,when,...表过顺序first,second,next,then,finally,...增加信息and,also,too,again,and,then,either,moreover,....举例forexample,suchas,....表示原因和结果because,since,as,so,asaresult,....表示强调never,infact,...表示比较和转折but,however,ontheonehand...ontheother(hand),while,otherwise,...（二）重点短语句型1.findthemreallyexciting发现它们真的很刺激【find+宾语+形容词（做宾补）】2.lookforhiddentreasure寻找被隐藏的宝藏3.givemealotofconfidence给我许多信心【confidence信心（不可数名词）→confident自信的，有信心的（形容词）】★haveconfidenceinsb./sth.=beconfidentofsb./sth.对某人或某事有信心4.IamnotasshyasIusedtobeandIamwillingtotrynewthings.我不像以前一样害羞了而且我愿意尝试新东西。5.haveexcitingexperiences有一些激动人心的经历★experience作“经验”时不可数，作“经历”时为可数名词。Eg:MrYanghasrichteachingexperience.杨老师有丰富的教学经验。6.ononehand...ontheother(hand).....在一方面.....在另一方面......六、Task1.asurveyonreadinghabits一次关于阅读习惯的调查2.Whatisyourfavouritetype/kindofbook?你最喜欢哪种类型的书？3.asksb.foradviceonsth.关于某事向某人征求意见4.beforegoingtobed去睡觉之前【before在此句中为介词】5.thefourgreatclassicalChinesenovels中国古典四大名著6.beoppositemyhome在我家对面【opposite在此句中为介词:在......对面;与.....相反】7.givesb.alotofadviceonbooks给某人在（读）书方面提许多建议【★advice建议(不可数名词);suggestion建议(可数名词)】8BUnit4知识清单第4页共5页,8.meettogetheranddiscusswhattoread聚在一起讨论该读什么9.helpmerelaxafterabusyday帮助我在繁忙的一天后放松一下10.openupawholenewworldtous给我们打开一个全新的世界【openup开启、开创】8BUnit4知识清单第5页共5页