2023-2024学年八年级英语牛津译林版下册Unit 5 Good manners知识清单（预习复习）

8BUnit5Goodmanners知识清单一、ComicstripandWelcometotheunit.1.goodmanners文明礼仪2.You’reoldenoughtolearnaboutmanners.你足够大了可以学习有关礼仪（方面的知识）了。★【be+形容词+enough+todosth.】3.sharethethingswithothers和别人分享东西4.cutinonothers打断别人(的话)★【此句中in为副词，on为介词】5.Youarenevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。6.inpublicplaces在公共场所=inpublic7.droplittereverywhere到处扔垃圾8.★leavethetaprunning让水龙头流淌着【leave+宾语+形容词/doing(做宾补)】leave表示：使........处于......状态eg:leavethedoorclosed/open9.keepquietinthelibrary在图书馆保持安静10.pickflowersinthepark在公园采花11.obeytrafficrules=followtrafficrules遵守交通规则反义词：breaktrafficrules=dosth.againsttrafficrules违反交通规则12.queueforyourturn排队等候轮到你【这里queue为动词：排队】【注】①queue也可以做名词：队伍eg：jumpthequeue插队②turn名词：轮流；（轮流的）顺序（1）waitforone’sturntodosth.等轮到某人做某事（2）taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事（3）It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了。13.putthembackafterreading阅读后把它们放回原处【此句中after为介词】二、Reading【greeting名词：问侯】1.inviteJennytotalkaboutmannersintheUK邀请Jenny谈论英国的礼仪2.What’stheproperwaytogreetpeople?和人们打招呼的正确方式是什么？3.shakehands/shakeone’shand握手4.meetyouforthefirsttime第一次遇到你5.greetpeoplewithakiss用亲吻来问候人【greeting名词：问侯】★①greetsb.withakiss=kisssb.asagreeting吻某人打招呼②greetsb.=sayhellotosb.向某人问好6.greetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友7.startaconversation开始一次（短暂、非正式）的对话8.avoidsubjectslikeage,weightormoney避免谈论像年龄、体重和钱这样的话题①avoidsth.避免某事★②avoiddoingsth.避免做某事Eg:Weshouldavoidtalkingwithstrangers.我们应该避免与陌生人说话。9.behavepolitelyinpublic在公共场所表现地有礼貌【behave(vt./vi.)表现→behaviour(n.)行为】10.Theythinkit’srudetopushinbeforeothers.①Itis+adj+(forsb)+todosth.（对某人来说，）做某事……句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的todosth.e.g.ItisimpolitetoaskBritishpeoplehowoldtheyare.问英国人多大年龄是不礼貌的。②pushinbeforeothers插队到别人前面【pushin（英）=cutin（美）：插队】11.bumpintosomeoneinthestreet在街上撞到人12.intheirway挡道【inone’sway挡住了某人的去路】【区分】onone’swayto......在某人云.......的路上;inthisway用这种方式/方法8BUnit5知识清单第1页共4页,13.pushpastyou把你挤到一边14.bepoliteenoughtowaittillyoumove足够有礼貌地等到你移开为止15.aswell=too也（放句尾）★aswellas.....①和......一样好Eg:LucydancesaswellasLily.②还有......Eg:Itisunhappyinsummeraswellasinwinter.夏天不好过，冬天也不好过。★特别注意：TomaswellashisparentsisfromEngland.【主语是Tom一人】16.allthetime一直=always17.keepyourvoicedowninpublic在公共场合压低你的声音18.behelpfultous对我们有帮助19.Justasthesayinggoes,“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”正如俗话说得“入乡随俗”。①★此句中as作连词（后接从句）：正如、如同、按照②Roman，非合成词，复数形式为：Romans罗马人【与human,Walkman,German相同】20.hitsomeonebyaccident偶然/意外撞到人21.Whenweareinastrangeplace,weshoulddoasthelocalpeopledo.当你在一个陌生的地方，你应该“入乡随俗”。三、Grammar【语法】A.使用:beenough+(forsb.)todosth.(1)【主语常是人】+be(not)+形容词+enough+todosth…意思是“足够....可以....”①Tomisn’toldenoughtogoswimming.②Theoldmanisn'tstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybag.③我们住在这样的街区真的很幸运。Weare_____________________________liveinaneighbourhoodlikethis.(2)【主语常是物】+be(not)+形容词+enoughforsb.+todo…“对.....来说足够....可以.....”★句子的主语和不定式的宾语是指同一个事物，则宾语不能重复，必须省掉。①Theroomisbigenoughforustolivein.②Themathsproblemiseasyenoughforeveryonetoworkout.【语法】B.使用：too.....(forsb.)todosth.★too…to…结构表示否定含义可译为“太……而不能……”、“太……无法……”。(1).“主语（人）+谓语动词+too＋形容词/副词（原级）＋todosth.”Eg:Tomistooyoungtogoswimming.(2)“主语（物）+谓语动词+too＋形容词/副词++todo”此句型主语是动词不定式的承受者，此时用主动式表示被动涵义。★句子的主语和不定式的宾语是指同一个事物，则宾语不能重复，必须省掉。①Theroomistoosmallforustolivein.(√)Theroomistoosmallforustoliveinit.(×)②Thehatistoolargeformetowear.(√)Thehatistoolargeformetowearit.(×)③Theteaistoohottodrink.(√)Theteaistoohottodrinkit.(×)【语法】C.使用：so.....+形容词/副词+that+从句。①Tomissoyoungthathecan’tgoswimming.②Theroomissosmallthatwecan’tliveinit.【必需要有it】【注意1】：enough+to与too....to....，还有so...that....可相互转换。如：①Shewastooshorttoreachthekey.她太矮了而够不到钥匙。=Shewasnottallenoughtoreachthekey.=Shewassoshortthatshecouldn’treachthekey.②Theroomisn’tbigenoughforustolivein.【主语是物】8BUnit5知识清单第2页共4页,=Theroomistoosmallforustolivein.=Theroomissosmallthatwecan’tliveinit★.③Themathsproblemisn’teasyenoughforustoworkout.=Themathsproblemistoodifficultforustoworkout.=Themathsproblemissodifficultthatwecan’tworkitout★.【注意2】：too…to…结构表示否定含义，要注意反意疑问句的构成。例：Tomistooyoungtogotoschool,ishe?(前否后肯)【语法】D.重点短语句型1.noticesmallchangesaroundher注意到她周围的小变化2.queueinpublic在公共场所排队3.tooshytojointhediscussion太害羞而不参加讨论【回顾】discusssth.withsb.和某人讨论某事4.expressoneselfclearly清楚地表达自己5.writedownallthemainpoints写下所有的要点6.Hewasverybusywithhisdancinglessons他太忙于舞蹈课。★bebusywithsth.=bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事四、Integratedskills1.publicsigns公共标识2.beusedinpublicplaces被用于公共场所【被动语态】3.(be)brightincolours色彩明亮4.helpexplainthings帮助解释东西★explainsth.tosb.向某人解释某事【相似句型：sayhellotosb.】【因为explain后面不接双宾语，所以没有：explainsb.sth.】5.giveususefulinformation给我们有用的信息6.keepussafefromdanger保护我们安全远离危险【回顾】①keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事②keepsb.doingsth.保持某人一直做某事7.★warnusnottodosomething警告我们不要做某事Eg:Mumwarnsusnottotalkwithfoodinyourmouth.妈妈警告我们不要嘴里包着食物讲话。8.Nolittering不准乱丢【No+动名词结构】★①litter作名词：垃圾（不可数）②litter作动词：扔垃圾9.Noparking不准停车【No+动名词结构】10.Nosmoking禁止吸烟【No+动名词结构】11.Nophotos禁止拍照12.thefamouspaintingbyPicasso毕加索的著名绘画13.takeaphotoofsth.拍某物的照片14.---Lookatthesign.Itsays“Nophotos”.----Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethatsign.看标志。上面写着“不准拍照”。对不起，我没有注意到。五、Studyskills（一）使用英语谚语。1.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入乡随俗。【as作连词（后接从句）：按照】2.Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一掷。3.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。【practice作名词：不可数】4.Nopain,nogain.一份耕耘，一份收获。5.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside.邻家芳草绿，隔岸风景好。6.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行动胜过语言。8BUnit5知识清单第3页共4页,7.theearlybirdcatchestheworm早起的鸟儿有食吃8.itneverrainsbutitpours获不单行；不鸣则已,一鸣惊人；不雨则已,雨则倾盆。9.manyhandsmakelightwork众人拾柴火焰高,人多好办事,人多力量大,众擎易举。10.Everydoghasitsday.人皆有得意时。11.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情;患难之交才是真正的朋友。12.Burnthecandleatbothends过分耗费;劳累过度。（二）重点短语句型。1.risklosingeverythingallatonetime冒着一次失去一切的风险★risk作动词：①riskdoingsth.冒险做某事②riskone’slifetodosth.冒着人的生命危险去做某事★risk作名词（可数或不可数）：①takearisk/takerisks冒风险②atrisk处在风险中2.soonafter不久以后3.makehisdreamcometrueafteryearsofhardwork=realizehisdreamafteryearsofhardwork经过多年的努力工作后让他的梦想实现4.keeppractisingspeakingEnglish坚持每天练习说英语5.besuccessfulin(doing)sth.做某事取得成功【回顾】★做某事取得成功：havesuccessat/insth.【success名词】=besuccessfulin(doing)sth.【successful形容词】=dosth.successfully【successfully副词】=succeedindoingsth.【succeed动词】6.【区分】sometime某时；sometime一些时间；sometimes有时；sometimes几次六、Task1.give/holdatalkaboutgoodtablemanners作一个关于餐桌礼仪方面的报告2.Thepurposeofthetalkistoteachstudentsrulesforeating.报告的目的是教学生吃的规则。【拓展】①Myjobistocleanthetoilet.②Mydreamistobecomeadoctor.③Myhobbyisplayingfootball.3.maketoomuchnoisewhileeatingordrinking吃东西时制造太多噪音4.talkwithfoodinyourmouth嘴里包着食物讲话5.eatingatthetable在桌子边吃饭6.takeplaceattheschoolhall发生在学校礼堂7.makesure确信（+宾语从句）8.waitforeveryonetofinish等每个人吃完9.reachoversomeone’splateforsomething越过(某人的)盘子去够东西10.aboveall首要的是【区分】①aboveall首要的是②afterall毕竟，终究③atall根本【notatall根本不，一点了不】④inall总共；总计⑤ofall...在所有.......当中8BUnit5知识清单第4页共4页