适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练9词句猜测题3（附解析）

考点分类练(九)　词句猜测题(3)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023湖南衡阳二模)Doyoueverfeelguiltyforrelaxing,evenafteryou’veworkedhardallday?Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia(生产力畸形).Itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouraccomplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore,evenwhenyou’rerunningonfumes. AuthorAnnaCodrea-Radowhowroteanarticleaboutproductivitydysmorphiaclaimed“itisthepursuitofproductivitythatdrivesustodomorewhilerobbingusoftheabilitytoenjoyanysuccesswemightencounteralongtheway”.Highlycompetitiveandjob-ledculturecontributestoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.Infact,you’reoftenpraisedforputtingproductivityaboveyourwell-being.Rememberhowschoolsrewardedperfectattendance?Similarly,companiespreferemployeeswhogetthemaxi-mumworkdonewhiletakingthefewestpossiblebreaks.Rewardslikethesehavestrengthenedthatrestisbadandthatbeingconstantlyatworkistherightthingtodo.Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime.Habitslikethesemaybebornoutofthesocialpressuretofindself-worthinworkachievements.Somewritershaveevenbegundescribingrestasproductive,asifpeopleshouldstoprelaxingifitdoesn’timproveperformanceinsomeway.Notonlydoesthismindsetmakeitdifficulttoviewandcelebrateyourachievements,butitalsopushesyoutobuildyourentirelifearoundwork.Theonlymilestonesthatmatterareachievingworkgoals.Theworstpart?There’snosenseoffulfillmentwhenyoureachthesegoals.1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“runningonfumes”meaninparagraph1?A.Tired.B.Excited.C.Satisfied.D.Disappointed. 2.Whichisthereasonforconstantlypursuingproductivity?A.Minorcompetitiveness.B.Pressurefromjobs.C.Instructionsfromtheboss.D.Internalizedneeds.3.Whichmaybeanexampleofproductivitydysmorphia?A.Amancompletesworkinworkinghours.B.Amanenjoysleisuretimewithhisfamily.C.Awomanworkseverywhereatanytime.D.Awomanstopsforarelaxationregularly.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedescriptionofsomewriters?A.Favorable.B.Negative.C.Unconcerned.D.Neutral.Passage2(2023安徽蚌埠三模)Wheatandcornareusedtomakebread,pizzaandotherdeliciousfoods,butinafewyearstheycouldalsopoweryourcar.Renewablebiofuelscouldsoonreplacetheharmfulfossilfuelsthatwe’reusedtousing.It’snowwellestablishedthatfossilfuelsareincrediblyharmfultoourhealthandtheenvironmentandthey’renotrenewable,either.Whensomanypeoplerelyonpetrolanddiesel(柴油)topowervehicles,itmakessensetodeveloparenewablealternativethat’seasytouse.That’swherebiofuelcomesin.Themostcommonbiofuelproducedgloballyisethanol(乙醇),andit’susedfrequentlyinBrazilandtheUS,whilebiodieselismorepopularinEurope.However,first-generationbiofuelslikeethanolhavegotissuesthatneedfixingbeforetheycangomainstream.Itcurrentlytakesmoreethanolthangasolinetoproducethesameamountofenergy,forinstance.Productionisexpensive,andseveralpartsoftheprocesssometimesusefossilfuels,whichmeansthatsomebiofuelsaren’tactuallycarbon-free.Someenvironmentalcampaignersalsosaythatitwouldbemoreusefultogrowcropsforfoodratherthanbiofuel,andthatgrowingcropsforbiofuelcancauseproblemswithsoillossanddeforestation.Usinglandforfuelratherthanfoodcanleadtoanincreaseinfoodprices,too,andcanaffectnaturalhabitats. Cropandfat-basedbiofunelsmaynotbeperfect,butthosearen’ttheonlybiofuelsavailable.Someorganisationsarecreatingbiofuelswithalgae(海藻)instead.Thisprocessuseswaterandlandthatoftenisn’tsuitableformanyothersituations,soitdoesn’ttakeupspacethat’susefulforfoodproduction,anditoftenhasbetteryields(产量)thanothertypesofbiofuelcomponents.There’splentyofdevelopmentbeyondalgae,too.Somecompaniesevenuseseaweed.Scientistsarealsoworkingonplansthatwillbeabletoabstractbiofuelsfromhouseholdwaste,woodchipsandotherjunk—amovethatcouldmassivelyincreasethematerialthat’sviableforbiofuelproduction.Thesesecond-generationbiofuelscouldmakebiofuelfarcheaperandmoreaccessible,andhelpcutemissionsdown.5.Whyarebiofuelssupposedtoreplacefossilfuels?A.Fossilfuelsaredifficulttoproduce.B.Fossilfuelsareharmfultovehicles.C.Biofuelsareeconomicalandattainable.D.Biofuelsareeco-friendlyandsustainable.6.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thepotentialofgasoline.B.Theadvantagesofbiofuels.C.ThepopularityofethanolinEurope.D.Theproblemswithfirst-generationbiofuels.7.Whyisalgaeusedtocreatebiofuelsbysomeorganisations?A.Itcanreducesoilloss.B.Itisoftenmoreproductive.C.Itoccupiesnolandtogrow.D.Ithelpstolowerfoodprices.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viable”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Stable.B.Durable.C.Workable.D.Flexible.Passage3(2023浙江杭州二模)Kenyahasbeenattheforefront(前沿)oftheglobalwaronplasticsincethegovernmentbannedsingle-useplasticsinprotectedareasinJune 2020.Unfortunately,thepreventivemeasureshavebarelyreceivedattention.Hundredsoftonsofindustrialandconsumerpolymerwastecontinuetogetdumpedintolandfillsdaily.However,if29-year-oldNzambiMateehasherway,theunsightlyplasticheapswillsoonbetransformedintocolorfulbricks. Thematerialsengineer’sseekingtofindapracticalsolutiontocontrolplasticpollutionbeganin2017.Shequitherjobandsetupasmalllabinhermother’sbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakethem.Butthedeterminedeco-entrepreneurwasconfidentinherideaanddidnotgiveup.Shesays,“Iwantedtousemyeducationtohandleplasticwastepollution.ButIwasveryclearthatthesolutionhadtobepractical,sustainable,andaffordable.Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”Hercompanyproducesover1,500bricksaday.Thepaversaremadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcannotbereprocessedorrecycled.Thecollectedplasticismixedwithsand,heatedatveryhightemperatures,andcompressed(压缩)intobricksthatvaryincolorandthickness.Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthanconcretebricks.Moreimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.“Thereisthatwastetheycannotprocessanymore;theycannotrecycle.Thatiswhatweget,”Mateesays.Mateeisnotnearlydone.Herdreamistoreducethemountainoftrashtojustahillbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings.Shesays,“Themorewerecycletheplastic,themoreweproduceaffordablehousing,themorewecreatedmoreemploymentfortheyouth.”9.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph1imply?A.Matee’smethodcanbeeffectiveifadopted.B.Matee’sideahasbeenwidelyaccepted.C.Colorfulbricksareinhugedemand.D.Plasticwastehasn’tattractedenoughattention.10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNzambiMatee?A.Generousandambitious.B.Confidentandgrateful. C.Creativeandresolved.D.Optimisticandmodest.11.WhatisNzambiMatee’sultimatepurposeinusingamixofplasticproducts?A.Tobuildcheaperhouses.B.Tosupportthegovernment.C.Tocreatejobopportunities.D.Totackleplasticpollution.12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Kenya:PioneerinBanningPlasticSingle-usePlasticsB.NzambiMatee:InnovatorinSolvingPlasticWasteC.MixofPlasticProducts:ANewConstructionMaterialD.PlasticRecycling:ACreativeSolutiontoPollution答案：考点分类练(九)　词句猜测题(3)Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生,其形成的原因,以及对人们生活的影响。1.A　词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?”以及画线词上文“Itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouraccomplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore,evenwhenyou’re”可知,生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线部分意思是“疲惫的”。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Highlycompetitiveandjob-ledculturecontributestoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.”和第四段的“Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime.”可知,内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。3.C　推理判断题。根据第一段的“ Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia.”可推知,文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感,故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可再生生物燃料目前存在的问题和好处,以及对它的展望。5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Renewablebiofuelscouldsoonreplacetheharmfulfossilfuels...that’seasytouse.”可推知,化石燃料对我们的健康和环境有害,而且它们也是不可再生的,而生物燃料是环保和可持续的,所以要用生物燃料取代化石燃料。6.D　主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However,first-generationbiofuelslikeethanolhavegotissues...whichmeansthatsomebiofuelsaren’tactuallycarbon-free.”可知,第二段主要讲述了第一代生物燃料的问题。7.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Someorganisationsarecreatingbiofuelswithalgaeinstead...thanothertypesofbiofuelcomponents.”可推知,用藻类制造生物燃料不会占用对粮食生产有用的空间,而且具有更好的产量,所以是效率更高。8.C　词句猜测题。根据最后一段中画线单词前文“Scientistsarealsoworkingonplansthatwillbeabletoabstractbiofuelsfromhouseholdwaste,woodchipsandotherjunk—amovethatcouldmassivelyincreasethematerial”可推知,此处应该是增加可用于生物燃料生产的材料,所以viable应该是“可行的”之意,和C项“Workable”意思相近。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了材料工程师NzambiMatee通过自己的努力,创造性地解决塑料垃圾污染的问题。9.A　词句猜测题。根据画线句子前的However可知,该句话的意思与画线句子前的内容为转折关系,根据画线句子前的“Unfortunately,thepreventivemeasureshavebarelyreceivedattention.Hundredsoftonsofindustrialandconsumerpolymerwastecontinuetogetdumpedintolandfillsdaily.”可知,政府的一些治理塑料污染的预防措施几乎没有取得实质的效果,大量的垃圾仍然被倒进垃圾填埋场,由此可知,画线句子的意思与此相反,应为“如果Matee的方法被采用可能会有效”。 10.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Butthedeterminedeco-entrepreneurwasconfidentinherideaanddidnotgiveup.”可知Matee对自己的想法绝不会放弃,说明她很有决心;根据第三段中的“Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”可知,她认为最好的方法是将废物引入建筑空间,这种想法很有创造性。由以上内容可知,Matee是一个有创造性且有决心的人。11.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Shesays,‘Iwantedtousemyeducationtohandleplasticwastepollution...Thepaversaremadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcannotbereprocessedorrecycled.”可知,将塑料产品的混合物做成铺路砖最终目的是解决塑料污染问题。12.B　主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Thematerialsengineer’sseekingtofindapracticalsolutiontocontrolplasticpollutionbeganin2017.”可知,材料工程师NzambiMatee寻求实用的方法来解决塑料垃圾污染问题,以及第三段中的“Shesays,‘Iwantedtouse...affordablematerialtobuildhomes.’”可知,她认为解决问题的方法必须是实用、持续以及可负担的,她提出了将塑料垃圾转换到建筑空间之中的想法,并结合全文可知,标题“NzambiMatee:解决塑料垃圾污染问题的创新者”符合文章主题。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)guiltyadj.内疚的,羞愧的2.(Passage1)failtodosth.未能做某事3.(Passage1)accomplishmentn.成绩,成就4.(Passage1)pursuitn.追求5.(Passage1)robsb.ofsth.剥夺某人某物6.(Passage1)encountervt.遇到,遭遇7.(Passage1)senseoffulfillment成就感8.(Passage2)alternativen.替代品9.(Passage2)takeup占据10.(Passage2)abstractadj.抽象的11.(Passage3)banvt.禁止12.(Passage3)barelyadv.几乎没有13.(Passage3)seektodosth.寻求做某事14.(Passage3)quitvt.离开(工作岗位、学校等)15.(Passage3)sustainableadj.可持续的 熟词生义:(Passage2)moven.措施长难句分析:(Passage1)Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime.分析:本句为复合句。not...but连接并列的表语从句thatthebosstellsthemtodoit和thattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductive;evenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime为when引导的时间状语从句。句意:另外,问题不在于老板让他们这么做,而在于他们把保持高效率的需求内在化了,即使他们要去某个地方享受休闲时光。