适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练6推理判断题4（附解析）

考点分类练(六)　推理判断题(4)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023河北邯郸一模)TherehavebeenafewtimesinmylifewhenIfeltverylonely.IparticularlyremembermylonelinesswhenImovedtoNewYorkCity.Ihadacoupleoffriendsinthecity;however,itwasatimeinmylifewhenIneededtoputforthsomeefforttoformmoremeaningfulrelationships.ButthemoreIwentouttoparties,themoredisconnectedandlonelyIfelt.Feelinglonelyinaroomfullofpeople,orinmycase,awholecitypackedwithpeopleeverywhere,wastheloneliestIhaveeverfelt.So,ratherthantryinganewwaytomakefriends,Iwasmorelikelytoignorephonecallsfromfriends,andIlookedatsocialinvitationsandopportunitiestomeetnewpeopleasdrudgery.Lookingbackonthisperiodofloneliness,IwonderatthewayIisolatedmyselfinsteadofreachingouttothosewhowerewillingtokeepmecompanyandofferfriendship.WhatIhavelearnedfrommyownexperienceandtheexperienceofmanyofmyfriendsisthatmoreoftenthannot,thosewhofeellonelychooseisolation.Indeedmanyofmyownfriendsdescribeavoidingsociallifeasawayofdealingwithfeelingsofloneliness.Thisbehaviorissomewhatcommon,andnewresearchtakesabigsteptowardsexplainingthisbehavior.Accordingtoleadingexpertsontheloneliness,StephanieandJohnCacioppo,thereisanevolutionaryexplanationforthistendencytoisolatewhenwearefeelinglonely.Bymonitoringlonelypeople’sbrainwaves,theyfoundthatlonelypeopletendtorespondnegativelytosociallife.“Lonelinesscausessomebrain-relatedchangesthatputusintoasociallynervousmode,”Dr.ChristianJarrettexplains.Makingourselvesawareofthisevolutionarynaturaltendencycouldactuallybethefirststepinfightingloneliness.Onceweknowthatwearemoresensitivetonegativityduringlonelyspells,wecanfocusourenergyonresistingthedesiretoputupwalls.1.WhathappenedtotheauthoraftershemovedtoNewYorkCity? A.Shehadnofriendsthere.B.Shelackedconfidencethere.C.Sheneededopportunitiesforparties.D.Shefeltlonelyevenwithpeoplepresent.2.Howdidtheauthortrytodealwithhersituation?A.Byrefusingtogoouttomeetothers.B.BylookingforsolutionsontheInternet.C.Bytryingvariousmethodstomakefriends.D.Bydoingsomedrudgerytoforgetherproblem.3.WhatdidStephanieandJohnCacioppofindintheirresearch?A.Lonelypeopletendtodisgustsociallife.B.Peoplerespondnegativelytolonelypeople.C.Lonelinesscandogreatharmtopeople’shealth.D.Lonelinesscanbecausedbyasociallynervousmode.4.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablywanttoshowinthetext?A.Weshouldn’tbeinfluencedbynegativity.B.Weshouldn’tchooseisolationwhenwefeellonely.C.Weshouldmakefriendsbasedonscientificfindings.D.Weshouldspendmoretimewithfriendsthanrelatives.Passage2(2023安徽宣城二模)Iknowitmaybehardtoconvinceyou,butletmetry:Don’tkillthenextspideryouseeinyourhome.Peopleliketothinkoftheirdwellingsassafelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworld,butmanytypesofspiderscanbefoundinside.Someareaccidentallytrapped,whileothersareshort-termvisitors.Somespeciesevenenjoythegreatindoors,wheretheyhappilyliveouttheirlivesandmakemorespiders.Thesefellowsareusuallysecretive,andalmostallyoumeetareneitheraggressivenordangerous.Andtheymaybeprovidingserviceslikeeatingpests—someeveneatotherspiders.MycolleaguesandIconductedavisualsurveyof50NorthCarolinahomes.Everysinglehousewevisitedwashometospiders.Themostcommonspeciesweencountered werecobwebspidersandcellarspiders.Bothbuildwebswheretheylieinwaitforprey(猎物)togetcaught.Cellarspiderssometimesleavetheirwebstohuntotherspiders.Althoughtheyareall-aroundpredators(捕食性动物),tendingtoeatanythingtheycancatch,spidersregularlycaptureharmfulpestsandevendisease-carryinginsects—forexample,mosquitoes.There’sevenaspeciesofjumpingspiderthatpreferstoeatblood-filledmosquitoesinAfricanhomes.Sokillingaspiderdoesn’tjustcosttheinsectitslife;itmaytakeanimportantpredatoroutofyourhome.It’snaturaltofearspiders.Theyhavelotsoflegsandalmostallarevenomous—thoughthemajorityofspecieshavevenom(毒液)tooweaktocauseissuesinhumans,iftheirfangscanpierceourskinatall.Evenentomologiststhemselvescanfallpreytoarachnophobia(蜘蛛恐惧症).Iknowafewspiderresearcherswhoovercametheirfearbyobservingandworkingwiththesefascinatingcreatures.Iftheycandoit,socanyou!5.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofspidersaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Theycanbetrappedeasily.B.Theyoftenattackhumanbeings.C.Theyarefriendlytohumanbeings.D.Theylivefarawayfromhumanbeings.6.Whatwillhappenifyoukillaspiderinyourhome?A.Loseagreatassistant.B.Catchmoreinsects.C.Developrarediseases.D.Rescueotherinsects.7.Howcanpeoplegetovertheirfearofspiders?A.Bydiscoveringtheirhabitats.B.Byprotectingtheirskin.C.Bygettingalongwiththem.D.Byrecognizingtheirvenom.8.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutspiders?A.Sparespiders.B.Monitorspiders. C.Defeatspiders.D.Controlspiders.Passage3(2023河北张家口一模)AsimplesearchofPsychologyTodayshowsdozensofpostsaboutNewYear’sresolutions.Someofthemwilltellyouthatresolutionsdon’tworkandlayoutanumberofreasons.Therestwillgiveyouusefuladviceonhowtotrytomakethemwork,whileadmittingthatitwillbehard.Thepsychologybehindthispessimisticviewisnotdifficulttounderstand.NewYear’sresolutionsareessentialgoals.But,ashundredsofpublicationsinmotivationpsychologyshow,goalsdonotworkverywell.Indeed,many,ifnotmost,goalsareneveractuallyputintopractice.Andwhyshouldtheybeso?Goalscomefromthemorerational(理性的)partofyourbrain.Sayyouwanttoloseafewpoundsorbenicertopeople.Youarenotstrugglingtoseewhyyouwanttochange.Theproblemliesinthemoreimpulsive(易冲动的)partofyourbrain,whichsustainsyourhabitsandtakesovermostofyourday-to-dayactions.Yourbrainisverygoodatautomatizingbehavior,freeingresourcesforotherthings.But,whenthoseautomaticbehaviorsconflictwithyourlong-termgoals,youstruggle.WhenyoustateaNewYear’sresolution,oranylong-termgoal,youaretalkingtothewrongpartofyourbrainandusingthewronglanguage.“Iwanttoloseweight”and“Iwanttobenicertootherpeople”arenotwrittenintermsofyourhabits.Youwillstatethosegoals,andonedaylateryouwillreachforthatdessertandshoutatyourfriends.ShouldyoujustabandonNewYear’sresolutions?Ofcoursenot.Youjustneedtobesmarteraboutit.First,let’sborrowapagefrommanagement.Peopleinthatfieldhavelongknownthat,tobeofanyuse,goalsneedtobeestablishedinaspecificway,whichfollowstheS.M.A.R.T.principle.TheyhavetobeSpecific,Measurable,Achievable,Relevant,andTime-related.Besides,beingawareofyourgoalsisthebeginningofchange,andanyopportunitythatmotivatesyoutomakethemclearerisachance,whetheritistheNewYearorthefirstdayoftherestofyourlife. 9.WhatdoesthesearchofPsychologyTodayshow?A.MorepeopleprefertomakeNewYear’sresolutions.B.Therearevariousreasonsforfailingtorealizegoals.C.It’sgettingmoredifficultforpeopletocarryoutgoals.D.PeopletendtobenegativeaboutNewYear’sresolutions.10.Whatdeterminesourhabitsaccordingtothetext?A.Ourlong-termgoals.B.Ourrationalthoughts.C.Ourimpulsivethoughts.D.Ourresourcedistribution.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetomakingNewYear’sresolutions?A.Unclear.　　B.Supportive.C.Intolerant.D.Pessimistic.12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThePsychologyBehindNewYear’sResolutionsB.HowtoMakeYourNewYear’sResolutionsWorkC.HowDoNewYear’sResolutionsInfluenceOurLifeD.TheSignificanceofMakingNewYear’sResolutions答案：考点分类练(六)　推理判断题(4)Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了尽管我们在感到孤独的时候会对社交活动产生抵触,但应该尽量避免这样做。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Feelinglonelyinaroomfullofpeople,orinmycase,awholecitypackedwithpeopleeverywhere,wastheloneliestIhaveeverfelt.”可知,作者发现自己跟很多人在一起时仍然感到孤独。故选D项。2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,作者选择不外出和别人进行社交活动。3.A　推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“Bymonitoringlonelypeople’sbrainwaves,theyfoundthatlonelypeopletendtorespondnegativelytosociallife.‘ Lonelinesscausessomebrain-relatedchangesthatputusintoasociallynervousmode,’Dr.ChristianJarrettexplains.”可知,他们发现感到孤独的人倾向于厌恶社交活动。4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,当我们感到孤单时,我们也不应该拒绝社交活动。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍蜘蛛的生活习性以及给人类生活带来的好处,劝导人们不要杀害蜘蛛。5.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Peopleliketothinkoftheirdwellingsassafelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworld,butmanytypesofspiderscanbefoundinside.”可知,人们觉得自己生活在一个与外界安全隔离的地方,但是蜘蛛却可以在室内被发现,由此可知,人们常见的误解是蜘蛛住得离人类很远。6.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sokillingaspiderdoesn’tjustcosttheinsectitslife;itmaytakeanimportantpredatoroutofyourhome.”可知,杀死蜘蛛意味着把重要的捕食者带走,也就是说,你失去了一个了不起的助手。7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Iknowafewspiderresearcherswhoovercametheirfearbyobservingandworkingwiththesefascinatingcreatures.Iftheycandoit,socanyou!”可知,蜘蛛研究员是通过观察和研究起这些小生物来克服对蜘蛛的恐惧的,而且作者认为他们能做到的,你也可以做到,由此可知,人们可以通过与蜘蛛相处来克服对蜘蛛的恐惧。8.A　推理判断题。根据第一段以及下文对蜘蛛生活习性和对人类的好处的介绍可知,作者是要通过介绍蜘蛛对人类的好处而尽力地劝说人们不要伤害蜘蛛,所以本文建议人们要放过蜘蛛。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么新年决心不起作用,以及如何更好地制定新年目标。9.D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,《今日心理学》的调查显示了人们往往对新年计划持消极态度。10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theproblemliesinthemoreimpulsivepartofyourbrain,whichsustainsyourhabitsandtakesovermostofyourday-to-dayactions.”可知,我们冲动的想法决定了我们的习惯。11.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ShouldyoujustabandonNewYear’sresolutions?Ofcoursenot.Youjustneedtobesmarteraboutit.”可推知,作者对制定新年计划的态度是支持的。 12.A　主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,本文分析了新年决心背后的心理是怎样的,下文解释了为什么会这样,以及最后给出了解决方法,所以A项“ThePsychologyBehindNewYear’sResolutions”是本文最好的标题。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)putforth发挥(力量、精力等)2.(Passage1)lookbackon回顾3.(Passage1)keepsb.company陪伴某人4.(Passage1)moreoftenthannot通常,多半5.(Passage1)tendencyn.趋势,趋向6.(Passage1)besensitiveto对……敏感7.(Passage1)resistvt.抵制8.(Passage2)convincev.使信服9.(Passage2)accidentallyadv.意外地,偶然地10.(Passage2)aggressiveadj.好斗的,挑衅的11.(Passage3)layout摆出,展开12.(Passage3)takeover接管13.(Passage3)essentiallyadv.本质上熟词生义:(Passage3)statevt.陈述,说明长难句分析:(Passage2)Althoughtheyareall-aroundpredators,tendingtoeatanythingtheycancatch,spidersregularlycaptureharmfulpestsandevendisease-carryinginsects—forexample,mosquitoes.分析:本句为复合句。Althoughtheyareall-aroundpredators为Although引导的让步状语从句;theycancatch为定语从句,修饰先行词anything。句意:虽然它们是全能的捕食者,倾向于吃掉它们能抓到的任何东西,但蜘蛛经常捕捉有害的害虫,甚至是携带疾病的昆虫,比如蚊子。