适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练6议论文（附解析）

文体分类练(六)　议论文(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023山东聊城一模)AnimportantlifelessonthatI’vedrawnfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.Ithasguidedmeinmanyways.Inparticular,itmademechallengethefixedexpectationsofretirementandaging.Runningisametaphor(隐喻)forlife.Irealizedthiswhiletrainingforamarathontocelebratemy60thbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademeembarrassed.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:runatyourownbestpace.Settingagoalortargettimecouldbealimitation.Hewasright.Overtime,Iranmoreeasilyandfaster.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.Ihaveappliedthisprincipletootherareasofmylife.FindingarhythmisnotaboutefficiencyorhowmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatIdecidetodoatthisstageinmylife.Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanstobeastrongrunner.Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofagrandmother.Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’seasytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarks(基准)tobemet.Weoftenmakewhatsomeoneelsedoesthereferencepoint.It’sacomparisontrap.Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinparagraph2?A.Theoriginofalifeprinciple.B.Hermisunderstandingofrunning.C.Theimportanceoflifeexpectations.D.Herunpleasanttrainingexperience.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutlifeexpectations? A.Theyarevitalforretiredpeople.B.Theyvaryatdifferentlifestages.C.Theycovereverydecisioninlife.D.Theyareusuallytoohightofulfill.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Youngpeopleoftencompetewitholdpeople.B.Retiredpeopletakeupbadoccupations.C.Retiredpeoplearealsounderpeerpressure.D.Acomparisontrapmakesyoungpeoplestronger.4.Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlywanttoconvey?A.Retirementcan’tstopoldpeople’sdreams.B.Peopleshouldlivelifetothefullest.C.Peopleshouldliveattheirownspeed.D.Runningatafixedpaceisbeneficialtoretiredpeople.Passage2(2023河北保定一模)Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring(后代).Forthegeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirelydeterminedbygenetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes(基因)determineone’spersonality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencethatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonalitydevelopment.Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends. Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodifferentiatehowmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson’sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansareinfluencedbyone’senvironment.Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarilycausingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthenurtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegeneticcharacteristicsofaperson.Itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureisthatwhichdeterminesthesubstanceofaperson.5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Nature’sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurture.C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatnurturemeanstohumanbeings.B.Howlivingthingsdevelopafterbirth.C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment.D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehumanbeings.7.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcontrast.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Bycitingresearchdata.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ALongStoryofNatureandNurtureB.ANewResearchonNatureandNurtureC.WhoCanTellWhatMakesWhoWeAre? D.WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?Passage3(2023福建漳州三模)Thismonth,theInternetwasfloodedwithwonderfuldigitalartportraits,thankstotheworkofthelatestartificialintelligence-assistedapplicationtogoviral:Lensa.UsersuploadedtheirphotographstotheAppandthen—forasmallfee—itusedAItotransformtheirprofilepicturesinto,say,amagicalwarriorprincessversionofthemselves,innotimeatall.ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffordability.Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou,youmightnotbeoneofthemillionsofhumanswhoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney.SomeartistspredictedthatacomputerwouldrecreatetheauraofamasterpiecebyLeonardodaVinciinthenearfuture.AslongasthereareenoughdatafortheAItotrainitself,itcancopynumerousmasterpiecesjustinseveralminutes.Itseemsunavoidablethatalargenumberofartistswouldlosetheirjobs.“Iseeitlessasathreatandmoreofanopportunity,”theUK-basedillustratorMichelleThompsonsaid,adding,“Likeeverythingelse,therewillalwaysbeartistswhocanusethetoolsbetter.”Thesetoolsareonlyasgoodasthedatasetstheyaretrainedon.Humanimagination,ontheotherhand,hasnolimit.ForDryhurst,anartistfromGermany,AImodels“couldattempttomakeapaleversionofsomethingwedidyearsago”,butthat“doesn’taccountforwhatwemightdonext”.Thekindofartificialintelligencewemightimaginereplacingartists—anentirelyautonomouscreativerobot—doesnotyetexist,butitiscoming.AndasAIbecomesmoreuniversal,artists,illustratorsanddesignerswillultimatelybesetapartnotbyif,butbyhow,theyusethetechnology.9.WhydoestheauthormentionLensainparagraph1?A.TorecommendthenewApp.B.Toinformlatestnews.C.ToleadintheAItopic.D.Tointroduceitsnewfunction. 10.WhatisMichelleThompson’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Concerned.　　　　　B.Favorable.C.Unclear.D.Critical.11.WhatmightbeaweaknessofAIincreatingartworks?A.Accuracy.B.Diversity.C.Creativity.D.Efficiency.12.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IsAIcomingintoourdailylife?B.CanAIcopymasterpiecesofgreatartists?C.ShallwewelcomenewAItechnology?D.WillAIreplaceartistsinthefuture?答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。1.A　主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在第二段想说生命原理的起源。2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofagrandmother.”可知,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。3.C　推理判断题。根据第五段“Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’seasytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarkstobemet.”可推知,退休人员也面临同辈压力。4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.”可推知,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是被比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring.”可知,先天影响后代的基因表达。6.A　主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.”可知,第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.”可推知,作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。8.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.”及下文论述可知,文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知,WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?适合作文章最佳标题。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。9.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段中的“ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa是为了引起人工智能这个话题。10.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,MichelleThompson认为这是一种机会。由此可推知,他对人工智能持支持的态度。11.C　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thesetoolsareonlyasgoodasthedatasetstheyaretrainedon.Humanimagination,ontheotherhand,hasnolimit.”可推知,创造力可能是人工智能在创作艺术作品时的弱点。 12.D　主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Thekindofartificialintelligencewemightimaginereplacingartists—anentirelyautonomouscreativerobot—doesnotyetexist,butitiscoming.”可知,文章主要就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)pacen.步速;节奏2.(Passage1)centeron集中于3.(Passage1)view...as...把……看作……4.(Passage1)comparisonn.比较5.(Passage1)trapn.陷阱6.(Passage2)asto置于,关于,就……而论7.(Passage2)arisevi.出现8.(Passage3)befloodedwith充斥着9.(Passage3)threatn.威胁10.(Passage3)accountfor对……做出解释,说明……的原因熟词生义:(Passage1)drawvt.获得,得到长难句分析:(Passage3)Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou,youmightnotbeoneofthemillionsofhumanswhoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney.分析:本句为复合句。Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou为if引导的条件状语从句;whoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney为whose引导的定语从句。句意:如果(你感觉)这听起来很棒,那么你可能不是数百万人中的一员,他们的生计依赖于能够用这些技能换取金钱。