山东省聊城市齐鲁名校大联盟2023届高三英语下学期三模试题（Word版附解析）

2022—2023学年高三年级第三次联考英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWetakethekidsouteveryonceinawhile,buttheygetboredifwechooseplaceslikerestaurantsorshoppingmalls.HerearesomeofthebestplacesforkidsinHyderabad.SnowWorldIfyouandyourkidslovesnow,thenSnowWorld,whichyoucanvisitbetween11:00amand8:00pm,iswhereyouneedtobe.Thebestthingisthatyoucanevenenjoythesnowduringsummers;youcanmakeasnowman,havesnowfightswithyourkids,ridetheicecarsordosomefuniceskating.Andwhenyougethungry,youcangrababiteofsometastyfoodintheicehotel.TheJumpZoneWhosaysyourkidscannothavefunwhentheweathergetswarminHyderabad?DrivetotheJumpZone,whichallowskidsaged5~12toplayandremainsopenfrom11:00amto9:30pm,andenjoyitsvastindoorplayarea,wherethereareslides,dancefloors,toystorideon,andjumpingcastles.RamojiFilmCityRamojiFilmCity,whichremainsopenfrom9:00amto8:00pm,haseverythingyouneedforfunandentertainmentinoneplace.Yourkidswillbeamazedbythebeautifulgardens,amazingsetsformovies,andstrangestreets.Theycanalsoenjoyexcitingridesandgamesthere.NehruZoologicalParkNehruZoologicalPark,whichremainsopenfrom8:30amto5:00pm,isagreatplacetoletyourkidsspendqualitytimewithdifferentanimals.Inthisvastparkyoucanseeover100speciesofanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat.Otherfunactivitiesincludeelephantrides,trainrides,andtheDinosaurPark.Italsohasanexcellentfoodcourt whereyoucansitandenjoytastyfoodanddrinks.1.Whichplacehasthelongestopeninghours?A.SnowWorld.B.TheJumpZone.C.RamojiFilmCity.D.NehruZoologicalPark.2.WhatdoesthetextsayabouttheJumpZone?AItdoesn’twelcomekidsofallages.B.Itisespeciallycrowdedonwarmdays.C.Itdoesn’thaveenoughroomforsliding.D.Itattractskidswholoveplayingoutdoors.3.WhatdoSnowWorldandNehruZoologicalParkhaveincommon?A.Theybothoffertrainingsessions.B.Theybothprovideaplacefordining.C.Theybotharesuitableforextremesports.D.Theybothofferachancetoseewildspecies.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了海得拉巴一些最适合孩子们的地方。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SnowWorld中的“Ifyouandyourkidslovesnow,thenSnowWorld,whichyoucanvisitbetween11:00amand8:00pm,iswhereyouneedtobe.(如果你和你的孩子喜欢雪，那么你可以在上午11点到晚上8点之间参观雪世界，这是你需要去的地方。)”、TheJumpZone中的“DrivetotheJumpZone,whichallowskidsaged5~12toplayandremainsopenfrom11:00amto9:30pm,(开车到蹦客地带，允许5~12岁的孩子玩耍，开放时间为上午11点至晚上9点30分，)”、RamojiFilmCity中的“RamojiFilmCity,whichremainsopenfrom9:00amto8:00pm,haseverythingyouneedforfunandentertainmentinoneplace.(拉莫吉电影城的开放时间是早上9点到晚上8点，在一个地方有你需要的一切乐趣和娱乐。)”和NehruZoologicalPark中的“NehruZoologicalPark,whichremainsopenfrom8:30amto5:00pm,isagreatplacetoletyourkidsspendqualitytimewithdifferentanimals.(尼赫鲁动物园的开放时间为上午8点30分至下午5点，是让你的孩子与不同的动物共度美好时光的好地方。)”可知，拉莫吉电影城营业时间最长。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheJumpZone中的“DrivetotheJumpZone,whichallowskidsaged5~12toplayand remainsopenfrom11:00amto9:30pm,andenjoyitsvastindoorplayarea,wherethereareslides,dancefloors,toystorideon,andjumpingcastles.(开车到蹦客地带，允许5~12岁的孩子玩耍，开放时间为上午11点至晚上9点30分，享受广阔的室内游乐区，那里有滑梯、舞池、玩具和跳跃城堡。)”可知，TheJumpZone不欢迎所有年龄段的孩子，只允许5~12岁的孩子玩耍。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SnowWorld中的“Andwhenyougethungry,youcangrababiteofsometastyfoodintheicehotel.(当你饿的时候，你可以在冰旅馆里吃点美味的食物。)”和NehruZoologicalPark中的“Italsohasanexcellentfoodcourtwhereyoucansitandenjoytastyfoodanddrinks.(它还有一个很棒的美食广场，你可以坐在那里享受美味的食物和饮料。)”可知，冰雪大世界和尼赫鲁动物园共同之处在于它们都提供一个吃饭的地方。故选B。BPennStationShoeRepairandShoeShineisasmallshoeshiningbusinessinNewYorkCity.Onarecentweekday,customerssatdownattheshoeshinebusinessandpulledoutnewspapersandphonestoreadwhiletheirshoesgotshined.Theshoeshinerscleanedthefootwearandaddedanoilysubstancetoprotecttheshoes’leathermaterial.Whenitwasfinished,thecustomerspaideightdollarsforthework.ShoeshininghasalonghistoryintheUnitedStates,datingbackhundredsofyears.Buttoday,duetotheCOVID-19pandemic,morepeopleworkfromhomethaninthepast.Andithasbecomepopulartowearmorecasualworkclothes.Thosemeanfewercustomersforshoeshiningbusinesses.RoryHeenanisa38-year-oldaccountantfromPhiladelphia.HesaidasayoungboyhewouldtakethetrainwithhisfathertohisofficeoneFridayeachmonthandwatchhimgetashoeshine.“AndhereIam,youknow,30yearslater,doingthesamething.So,it’scertainlysomethingthat’spasseddownovertime,”hesaid.AtDavidMesquita’sLeatherSpa,whichoperatesfiveshoerepairandshinebusinessesinthearea,therepairsarethemajorpartofitssales.Butshoeshinesarestillanimportantofferingtobringpeopleinasmostshoerepairbusinessesdon’thavetheservice.Beforethepandemic,LeatherSpahadfourshoeshinechairsatitsbusinessinsideNewYork’sGrandCentralTerminal.Itemployedsixshoeshiners.Together,theywouldcompleteabout120shinesaday.Now,thereareonlythreeshoeshinerswhodo40or50shinesadayatmost.“Trafficisslowlycomingbackin,thoughwe’restillnotback100percentofwhatwewere,”Mesquitasaid,addingthatshoeshiningisn’tsomethingthatwilleverfullygoaway.“Peopleliketotreatthemselves,”hesaid,“whetherit’sonceaweekortwiceaweekoronceeverytwoweeks.It’sjustnice.”4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout? A.Thedarkfutureoftheshoeshiningbusiness.B.Reasonsforthechangeofpeople’slifestyle.C.Theriseandfalloftheshoeshiningbusiness.D.Causesofthedeclineoftheshoeshiningbusiness.5.WhatdidlittleRoryHeenandoregularly?A.Heshinedhisfather’sshoespersonally.B.Heaccompaniedhisfathertowork.C.Herecordedhisshininghisfather’sshoes.D.Hegreetedhisfatheratthetrainstation.6.Accordingtothetext,LeatherSpa’sshoeshiningservice.A.meansagreatdealtoitsoverallbusinessB.canbeenjoyedinmostshoerepairbusinessesC.ismoreprofitablethanitsshoerepairbusinessD.doesexpandgraduallyduringthepandemic7.What’sMesquita’sattitudetowardsthefutureofshoeshining?A.Mixed.B.Hopeless.C.Optimistic.D.Worried.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在美国擦鞋拥有悠久的历史，由于疫情原因，擦鞋业也受到了影响。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段内容“ShoeshininghasalonghistoryintheUnitedStates,datingbackhundredsofyears.Buttoday,duetotheCOVID-19pandemic,morepeopleworkfromhomethaninthepast.Andithasbecomepopulartowearmorecasualworkclothes.Thosemeanfewercustomersforshoeshiningbusinesses.(擦鞋在美国有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到几百年前。但如今，由于COVID-19疫情，比过去更多的人在家工作。穿休闲装也变得越来越流行。这意味着擦鞋业务的客户减少了。)”可知，虽然擦鞋业在美国有着悠久的历史，但如今因为疫情，擦鞋的客户减少了。由此推断，本段主要讲述了擦鞋业如今衰落的原因。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“RoryHeenanisa38-year-oldaccountantfromPhiladelphia.HesaidasayoungboyhewouldtakethetrainwithhisfathertohisofficeoneFridayeachmonthandwatchhimgetashoeshine.(RoryHeenan是一名来自费城的38 岁会计师。他说，当他还是个小男孩的时候，每个月的一个星期五，他都会和父亲一起乘火车去他的办公室，看着他擦鞋。)”可知，RoryHeenan经常陪他爸爸一起去工作。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“AtDavidMesquita’sLeatherSpa,whichoperatesfiveshoerepairandshinebusinessesinthearea,therepairsarethemajorpartofitssales.Butshoeshinesarestillanimportantofferingtobringpeopleinasmostshoerepairbusinessesdon’thavetheservice.(DavidMesquita的LeatherSpa在该地区经营着五家修鞋和擦鞋业务，修鞋是其销售的主要部分。但擦鞋仍然是吸引顾客的一项重要服务，因为大多数鞋店都没有这项服务。)”可知，擦鞋业务是LeatherSpa业务中非常重要的服务，所以擦鞋业务对其整体业务意义重大。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Trafficisslowlycomingbackin,thoughwe’restillnotback100percentofwhatwewere,”Mesquitasaid,addingthatshoeshiningisn’tsomethingthatwilleverfullygoaway.“Peopleliketotreatthemselves,”hesaid,“whetherit’sonceaweekortwiceaweekoronceeverytwoweeks.It’sjustnice.”(Mesquita说：“客流量正在慢慢恢复，尽管我们还没有恢复到以前的100%。”他补充说，擦鞋工作永远不会完全消失。“人们喜欢犒劳自己，”他说，“无论是一周一次、一周两次还是每两周一次。都是不错的。”)”可知，Mesquita对擦鞋业的未来还是抱有乐观的态度。故选C。CThere’snothingquitelikecookingovermygasstovewithbeautifulblueflame,soquicklyadjustedandsosuitedtoitspurposethatwhenthingsrunsmoothlyinlife,wesayweare“cookingwithgas”.Butinrecentyearsenvironmentalistshavebeenwarningthatgasstovesarebadfortheclimateandnotsogreatforourhealth,either.Newstudiespublishedthisyearhaveheightenedhealthworriesaboutpoisonousfumes(烟气)inourkitchens.Istheevidencesufficienttoshiftourcookinghabits?Thebigsurpriseinonenewstudy,conductedbyenvironmentalscientistsatStanfordUniversity,istheamountofunburnedgasthatleaksintokitchenswhenastoveisoff.Theyfoundthatmorethanthreequartersofmethane(甲烷)thatescapesfromastovedoessowhenitisnotinuse,mostlikelythroughimperfectpipefittings.Second,therearethepollutantscreatedbyburningwhenastoveison,mostnotablynitrogenoxides,whichcanupsetthelungs.DrewMichanowicz,aseniorscientistatPSEHealthyEnergy,anonprofitresearchandpolicygroup,said,“Alotofusworkathomenow.Wetakeabout20,000breathsaday,andmystoveislike10feelawayfromme.Whatelseisinnaturalgas?”Michanowiczalsofretsthatasmorepeopleweatherizetheirhomesandclosewindows,theyarereducingairexchange,whichmeansindoorpollutionwillbeworse.Notsurprisingly,theAmericanGasAssociationhascriticizedbothstudies,sayingthelevelsofVOCsfoundintheBostonstudyare“reassuringlylow”. Whatistheaveragehomecooktomakeofallthis.TheymightfollowMichanowicz,whoboughtaninductionburner(电磁炉)anddoesmuchofhiscookingonit.Asforme,I’mmakingsomechanges.I’veswitchedtoanelectrickettleforboilingwater,anddespiteitsannoyingnoise,Inowusetheexhausthood(吸油烟机)overmystove-somethingonlyabout25to40percentofpeoplesaytheydo.Andweatherpermitting,I’llopenawindow.8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherusinggasstoveaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itischallenging.B.Itisconvenient.C.Itisquitetime-consuming.D.Itisfriendlytotheenvironment.9.Whatleadsmostmethanetoescapefromastoveaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Theinefficiently-burntgas.B.Thepollutantscreatedbyburning.C.Theimproperly-placedstove.D.Thepoorqualityofthepipefittings.10.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“frets”inparagraph4?A.worriesB.promisesC.deniesD.wonders11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.TheinfluenceofMichanowicz.B.Theimportanceofelectricdevices.C.Thefutureofinductionburners.D.Changesofpeople’scookinghabits.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来的研究发现表明，煤气灶的使用不仅对气候有害，对我们的健康也没有什么好处。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There’snothingquitelikecookingovermygasstovewithbeautifulblueflame,soquicklyadjustedandsosuitedtoitspurposethatwhenthingsrunsmoothlyinlife,wesayweare“cookingwithgas”.(没有什么比在我的煤气炉上用美丽的蓝色火焰做饭更美妙的了，它调整得如此之快，如此适合它的目的，以至于当生活中一切顺利时，我们说我们在“用煤气做饭”。)”可判断，作者认为用煤气炉做饭是非常便利的。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theyfoundthatmorethanthreequartersofmethane(甲烷)thatescapesfromastovedoessowhenitisnotinuse,mostlikelythroughimperfectpipefittings.(他们发现，超过四分之三的甲烷是在炉子不用的时候逸出的，很可能是通过不完美的管道配件逸出的。)”可知，大多甲烷气体是通过不完美的管道配件逸出的。故选D。【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“thatasmorepeopleweatherizetheirhomesandclosewindows,theyarereducingairexchange,whichmeansindoorpollutionwillbeworse.(随着越来越多的人对房屋进行防寒改造，关闭窗户，他们减少了空气交换，这意味着室内污染会更严重。)”可知，划线单词后的内容是让人担心的问题。选项A“worries(担忧)”；选项B“promises(承诺)”；选项C“denies(否认)”；选项D“wonders(想知道)”。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Whatistheaveragehomecooktomakeofallthis.TheymightfollowMichanowicz,whoboughtaninductionburner(电磁炉)anddoesmuchofhiscookingonit.Asforme,I’mmakingsomechanges.I’veswitchedtoanelectrickettleforboilingwater,anddespiteitsannoyingnoise,Inowusetheexhausthood(吸油烟机)overmystove-somethingonlyabout25to40percentofpeoplesaytheydo.Andweatherpermitting,I’llopenawindow.(一般的家庭厨师是怎么处理这一切的？他们可能会效仿Michanowicz，他买了一个电磁炉，并在上面做饭。至于我，我正在做一些改变。我已经改用电热水壶烧水了，尽管它的噪音很烦人，但我现在会在炉子上使用排气罩——只有大约25%到40%的人说他们这样做。天气允许的话，我会打开窗户。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述的是人们烹饪习惯的变化。故选D。DScientistsinSwitzerlandhaveusedlasers(激光)tochangethepathofalightningstrike.TheexperimentwascarriedoutonSantismountaininSwitzerland,neararadioandTVtowerhitbylightningabout100timesayear.Usingaspeciallaser,theresearcherswereabletoguidethelightningstrike.Scientistshavebeentryingtofindawaytoprotectbuildingsfromlightningforalongtime.Atpresent,thebestwaytoprotectbuildingsfromlightningisbyputtingmetalrods(杆)onthebuildings.Theserodsareconnectedtotheground.Thelightningisattractedtotherods,whichsafelyguidetheelectricityintotheground.Butlightningrodscanonlyprotectasmallarea.Ifabuildingisverylarge,itneedsalotoflightningrods.Butsomebuildings-suchasairports-aresolargethatit’sdifficulttoprotectthewholebuildingusinglightningrods.Anotherideaistouselaserstoguidelightning.Theideaofusinglaserstoguidelightningisn’1new.Scientistshavebeenworkingontheideaforover20years.They’vesuccessfullyguidedlightningwithlasersinsidealaboratory.Butuntil2021,scientistsguidedlightningwithlasersoutside.Usingapowerfullaserthatcanfireabout1,000timesasecond,scientistsinSwitzerlandwereabletoguidelightningboltsfor164feet(50meters).Theheatfromthelasercreatesapathofairthatislessthickthantheairaroundit.Thepathalsohasaspecialcharge.Thelightningcanfollowthispathalmostasifitwerealightningrod.Inthepast,experimentswithlasersthatfiredmoreslowlydidn’twork.Managingtoguidethelightninginanoutdoorenvironmentisaverybigstep.Butdespitetheprogress,thelaser stillisn’tagoodchoicewhenitcomestoprotectinglargebuildings.12.Tostopabuildingfrombeingstrickenbylightning,itisbestto.A.equipitwithmetalrodsB.positionitawayfromairportsC.builditonlow-lyingopengroundD.keepitawayfromanykindofmetal13.Whatenablesthelasertoguidethelightning?A.Itscolor.B.Itsbrightness.C.Itsspeed.D.Itsconcentration.14.WhatwilltheparagraphfollowingthetextprobablytalkaboutA.Howthelasershouldbeimprovedtoprotectlargebuildings.B.Whenthelaserwillbewidelyusedtoprotectlargebuildings.C.Whyitisunnecessarytousethelasertoprotectlargebuildings.D.Whatpreventsthelaserfrombeingusedtoprotectlargebuildings.15WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.ScientistsFindaNewUseoftheLaserB.ScientistsGuideLightningwiththeLaserC.ANewIdeaHasBeenTestedtoGuideLightningD.ANewWaytoProtectBuildingsHasBeenFound【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士科学家利用激光改变了雷击的路径。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientistshavebeentryingtofindawaytoprotectbuildingsfromlightningforalongtime.Atpresent,thebestwaytoprotectbuildingsfromlightningisbyputtingmetalrods(杆)onthebuildings.(长期以来，科学家们一直在努力寻找一种保护建筑物免受雷击的方法。目前，保护建筑物免受雷击的最好方法是在建筑物上放置金属棒。)”可知，目前保护建筑物免受雷击的最好方法是在建筑物上放置金属棒。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Butuntil2021,scientistsguidedlightningwithlasersoutside.Usingapowerfullaserthatcanfireabout1,000timesasecond,scientistsinSwitzerlandwereabletoguidelightningboltsfor164feet(50meters).(但直到2021年，科学家们都在室外用激光引导闪电。瑞士科学家们利用一种每秒发射约1000次的强大激光，能够引导164英尺(50米)的闪电。)” 可知，激光之所以能够用来引导闪电是因为激光的速度。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butdespitetheprogress,thelaserstillisn’tagoodchoicewhenitcomestoprotectinglargebuildings.(但是，尽管取得了进展，激光在保护大型建筑物方面仍然不是一个好的选择。)”可推断，文章接下来会解释为什么激光不被用于保护大型建筑。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ScientistsinSwitzerlandhaveusedlasers(激光)tochangethepathofalightningstrike.TheexperimentwascarriedoutonSantismountaininSwitzerland,neararadioandTVtowerhitbylightningabout100timesayear.Usingaspeciallaser,theresearcherswereabletoguidethelightningstrike.(瑞士科学家利用激光改变了雷击的路径。这项实验是在瑞士的桑蒂斯山上进行的，那里靠近一座每年被闪电击中约100次的广播电视塔。使用一种特殊的激光，研究人员能够引导雷击。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了瑞士科学家利用激光引导雷击。所以“ScientistsGuideLightningwiththeLaser(科学家用激光引导闪电)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheImportanceofInventionsTheysaynecessityisthemotherofinvention,butinventiondrivestheeconomy.Thegreatimportanceofinventionisthatitsolvesproblemsandchangestheworld.____16____Anditgoesbeyondculture.Themoderneraisarguablythegreatesttimeinthehistoryoftheworldforinnovation,butnoneofitwouldhavehappenedwithouttheinventionofelectricitysuppliedondemand.Withthatoneadvancement,incamethefastest-changingperiodinhumanhistory-andthegreatestpopulationgrowth,too.____17____Eventhingslikethetoiletandmodernplumbingmadeitpossibletoimprovehygieneandreduceexposuretohumanwaste,whichinturnmadecitiescleanerandmoredesirabletolivein.Themodembathroomalsohelpedreducethespreadofdisease,whichinturnhelpedextendtheaveragelifeexpectancy.____18____Peopleeatbetter,andmoresafely,becauseofinnovationswenowtakeforgrantedliketherefrigerator,theovenandrunningtapwater.Dailylifeatworkhastransformedbecauseheavy-liftingjobscanbedonebyforklifts.Infact,technologyisreachinganewheight.____19____Morepeoplethaneverbeforeneedtositforwork,withofficejobsandthelikechangingourfitnesslevelandloweringtheriskofinjuryduringaworkday.Evenentertainmenthaschangedbecausenolongerdopeoplehavetomaketheirownfunbyplayinggames.____20____Howpeoplecommunicate,work,eat,travel,shop-it’sallsubjecttoinnovationandinvention. Advancesdon’talwaysimprovelife,though,asmanypeoplearelearningthroughtheconstant-accessstrugglesofsmartphonesandever-presentnoisepollutionincities.A.Innovationshapesthewaylifeislived.B.Theycanturntotheirphone,TVorradio.C.Factoriesareusingrobotsformanytasksnow.D.Theyhaveaffectedthewayweconsumemedia.E.Inventionsinfluenceallaspectsofmodernexistence.F.Newtechnologiesoftensimplifytheaverageperson’slife.G.AndthathasledtotheEarth’spopulationrisingsharplyinthelast150years.【答案】16.A17.E18.G19.C20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明之母，但发明才是经济的动力。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Thegreatimportanceofinventionisthatitsolvesproblemsandchangestheworld.(发明的重要之处在于它能解决问题并改变世界。)”以及空后内容“Anditgoesbeyondculture.(它超越了文化。)”可知，空前空后讲述的是发明的重要性。选项A“Innovationshapesthewaylifeislived.(创新塑造了人们的生活方式。)”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创新给人们的生活带来的变化。故选A。【17题详解】根据空后内容“Eventhingslikethetoiletandmodernplumbingmadeitpossibletoimprovehygieneandreduceexposuretohumanwaste,whichinturnmadecitiescleanerandmoredesirabletolivein.(甚至像厕所和现代管道这样的东西也使改善卫生和减少接触人类排泄物成为可能，这反过来又使城市更清洁，更适合居住。)”可知，下文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们的生活各个方面。选项E“Inventionsinfluenceallaspectsofmodernexistence.(发明影响现代生活的方方面面。)”与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。【18题详解】根据空前内容“Themodembathroomalsohelpedreducethespreadofdisease,whichinturnhelpedextendtheaveragelifeexpectancy.(现代浴室还有助于减少疾病的传播，这反过来又有助于延长平均寿命。)”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，所以上文指的是发明与人类生命的关系。选项G“AndthathasledtotheEarth’spopulationrisingsharplyinthelast150years.(这导致了地球人口在过去150年里急剧增长。)”延续上文内容，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。故选G。【19题详解】 根据空前内容“Dailylifeatworkhastransformedbecauseheavy-liftingjobscanbedonebyforklifts.Infact,technologyisreachinganewheight(由于重的起重工作可以用叉车来完成，日常工作生活已经发生了变化。事实上，科技正达到一个新的高度。)”可知，上文讲述的是发明对工作的影响。选项C“Factoriesareusingrobotsformanytasksnow.(工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作。)”延续上文内容，同时与下文“Morepeoplethaneverbeforeneedtositforwork,withofficejobsandthelikechangingourfitnesslevelandloweringtheriskofinjuryduringaworkday.(与以往相比，越来越多的人需要坐着工作，办公室工作和类似的工作改变了我们的健康水平，降低了工作日受伤的风险。)”内容保持一致，正因为工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。【20题详解】根据空前内容“Evenentertainmenthaschangedbecausenolongerdopeoplehavetomaketheirownfunbyplayinggames.(甚至娱乐也发生了变化，因为人们不再需要通过玩游戏来获得乐趣。)”可知，上文提到的是人们不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。选项B“Theycanturntotheirphone,TVorradio.(他们可以打开手机、电视或收音机。)”延续上文内容，指的是人们不再只需要通过玩游戏来获得乐趣，因为人们还可以玩手机，看电视，听收音机等等。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwastwenty,IhadadognamedTrixie.Shelovedmedearlybut____21____anyoneelse.Oneafternoon,Iwassittingonmyporch(走廊)readingabookwithTrixiebymysidewhenmycolleagueJasonwalkedby.Hestoppedandasked,“MayIcomein.”Ihadno____22____inhim,andIwantedtofinishmybook,solsaid,“Solongasyoucangetpastmydog.”Iwasquite____23____thatthiswasn’tgoingtohappen,soI____24____reading.Heopenedthegate,walkedinandclosedit.Trixieremainedstrangely____25____.Jasonwalkedconfidentlytowardme.Trixiegotupand____26____Jasonandlickedhishand.Itseemedasiftheywerefriendsforalongtime.Heasked,“MayIsitdown?”Inshockedsilence,I____27____.Hesaid,“Thisisaverynicedog,”lookingather____28____.Trixiesatwithustheentiretimestaringathim,tailwagging.Twoyearslater,JasonandIgotmarried.Hetoldmethatourstory____29____adogandacookie.Seeingthe______30______onmyface,hetoldmethis:He’dknownfrommybrotherthatifhecouldmakefriendswithmydog,thenhemighthavea______31______tomarryme.So,everyday,withoutmy______32______,he’dwalkbyourfence.WhenTrixiebarkedtoscarehimaway,he’d______33______heracookie.Thislastedforaboutsixmonthsuntilthedayheaskedifhecouldcomeinandsitontheporchwithme.Ofcourse,she______34______himin because,althoughIwasherfirstlove,______35______washersecond!We’vebeenmarriedforthirty-sixyears.Thankyou,Trixie!21.A.misledB.distrustedC.misunderstoodD.disappointed22.A.beliefB.experienceC.doubtD.interest23.A.awareB.nervousC.sorryD.afraid24.A.finishedB.avoidedC.continuedD.postponed25.A.modestB.stillC.energeticD.optimistic26.A.stoppedB.protectedC.comfortedD.approached27.A.admittedB.noddedC.refusedD.apologized28.A.lovinglyB.jokinglyC.patientlyD.regretfully29.A.calledforB.leftoutC.startedwithD.focusedon30.A.confusionB.angerC.concernD.embarrassment31.A.planB.dutyC.rightD.chance32.A.warningB.knowledgeC.recommendationD.direction33.A.makeB.lendC.throwD.owe34.A.allowedB.urgedC.forcedD.took35.A.praiseB.pleasureC.foodD.friendship【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.B28.A29.C30.A31.D32.B33.C34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只信任主人的狗Trixie，Jason想追求其主人，每天扔饼干给Trixie，获得她信任，最终通过这种方式和主人相识、相恋并结婚的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她深爱着我，但不信任任何人。A.misled误导；B.distrusted不信任；C.misunderstood误解；D.disappointed失望。根据上文“Shelovedmedearly”和转折词but可知，Trixie除了主人不信任任何人。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他不感兴趣，我想读完我的书，所以我说：“只要你能越过我的狗。”A.belief信念；B.experience经验；C.doubt怀疑；D.interest兴趣。根据下文“andIwantedtofinishmybook”可知，作者对同事Jason不感兴趣。故选D。【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很清楚这是不可能发生的，所以我继续读下去。A.aware知道的；B.nervous紧张的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.afraid害怕的。根据下文“thiswasn’tgoingtohappen”可知，作者知道同事不可能越过自己的狗。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很清楚这是不可能发生的，所以我继续读下去。A.finished完成；B.avoided避免；C.continued继续；D.postponed推迟。根据上文“Iwasquite____3____thatthiswasn’tgoingtohappen,”可知，作者自认为同事不可能越过自己的狗，所以继续读书。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Trixie奇怪地一动不动。A.modest谦虚的；B.still静止的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据下文“Jasonwalkedconfidentlytowardme.”（Jason自信地向我走来）可知，见到同事Jason，Trixie奇怪地一动不动。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Trixie站起来，走近Jason，舔了舔他的手。A.stopped停止；B.protected保护；C.comforted安慰；D.approached靠近。根据下文“andlickedhishand.”可知，Trixie走近同事Jason并舔了舔他的手。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我怔住了，点了点头。A.admitted承认；B.nodded点头；C.refused拒绝；D.apologized道歉。根据上文“Heasked,“MayIsitdown?””可知，作者点头同意同事坐下。故选B。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这是一只很好的狗，”深情地看着她。A.lovingly钟情地；B.jokingly开玩笑地；C.patiently耐心地；D.regretfully遗憾地。根据上文““Thisisaverynicedog,”lookingather”及下文可知，同事Jason深情地看着Trixie。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，我们的故事是从一只狗和一块饼干开始的。A.calledfor需求；B.leftout遗漏；C.startedwith以……开始；D.focusedon集中在。根据下文“adogandacookie”及下文可知，同事Jason和作者的故事是从一只狗和一块饼干开始的。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到我脸上的困惑，他告诉我：他从我哥哥那里知道，如果他能和我的狗交朋友，那么他可能有机会娶我。A.confusion困惑；B.anger愤怒；C.concern关心；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“Hetoldmethatourstory____9____adogandacookie.”可知，作者对两人的之间的故事感到困惑。故选A。 【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到我脸上的困惑，他告诉我：他从我哥哥那里知道，如果他能和我的狗交朋友，那么他可能有机会娶我。A.plan计划；B.duty责任；C.right权利；D.chance机会。根据上文“ifhecouldmakefriendswithmydog,”可知，作者哥哥告诉Jason，如果能搞定作者的狗，就有机会娶作者。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，每天，在我不知情的情况下，他都会经过我们的篱笆。A.warning警告；B.knowledge知识；了解；C.recommendation推荐；D.direction方向。根据下文“he’dwalkbyourfence.”可知，Jason每天在作者不了解的情况下会来到作者家附近。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Trixie吠叫把他吓跑时，他就扔给她一块饼干。A.make制造；B.lend借走；C.throw扔；D.owe欠。根据上文“WhenTrixiebarkedtoscarehimaway,”可知，Trixie吠叫，Jason就扔给她一块饼干。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，她让他进来了，因为虽然我是她的首爱，但食物是她的第二爱!A.allowed允许；B.urged敦促；C.forced强迫；D.took带走。根据上文“WhenTrixiebarkedtoscarehimaway,he’d_____13_____heracookie.”可知，因为经常喂Trixie饼干，所以她让他进来。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，她让他进来了，因为虽然我是她首爱，但食物是她的第二爱!A.praise赞扬；B.pleasure愉快；C.food食物；D.friendship友谊。根据上文“althoughIwasherfirstlove,”可知，食物是Trixie的第二爱。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上。About385,000peoplefrom192countriestakepartintheyearlyprojecttocountbirds.Theevent____36____(launch)forthefirsttime25yearsago.SteveandJanetKistlerfromtheAmericanstateofKentuckyareamongthose____37____(involve)themselvesinit.They’vedonesoeveryyear____38____thenow-internationaltraditionstartedin1998.ForMoiraDalibor,___39___schoolteacherfromnearbyLexington,thisisherfirstevent.She’sleadingagroupofstudentsandparentstoagarden____40____(collect)data.BeccaRodomsky-Bish,____41____worksattheCornellLabofOrnithologyinNewYork,istheproject’sleader.TheLaborganizestheGreatBackyardBirdCount(GBBC)alongwiththeNationalAudubonSocietyandBirds Canada.“Everyyearweseeincreasedparticipation,and2022wasabigjump,”Beccasaid.InIndia,whichhadthe____42____(high)participationoutsidetheUSlastyear,tensofthousandsofpeoplesubmittedbirdchecklists.TheworldwidedatagoesintotheeBirddatabaseusedbyscientistsforresearchondifferentbird____43____(population).TheGBBCispartofarisein“citizenscience"projectsinwhichvolunteerscollectdataaboutthe____44____(nature)worldforusebyresearchers.Theinformationhelpsresearcherstrackthenumbersofdifferentkindsofbirds,whichthenhelpswiththeir_____45_____(protect).【答案】36.waslaunched37.involving38.since39.a40.tocollect41.who42.highest43.populations44.natural45.protection【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一年一度的鸟类统计活动——GBBC项目，介绍了该项目的具体内容以及其意义。【36题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：该活动于25年前首次推出。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“25yearsago”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语为“theevent”，和动词launch之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填waslaunched。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自美国肯塔基州的Steve和JanetKistler也参与其中。这里为非谓语动词担当those的后置定语，和those之间为主动关系，用动词的ing形式。故填involving。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：自1998年这一国际传统开始以来，他们每年都这样做。根据句意以及主从句时态可知，空处为since，意为“自从”。考查since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。故填since。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：MoiraDalibor是莱克星顿附近的一名教师，这是她第一次参加活动。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词，schoolteacher发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她带领一群学生和家长到一个花园收集数据。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词的不定式形式。故填tocollect。【41题详解】考查定语从句。句意：BeccaRodomsky-Bish在纽约康奈尔鸟类学实验室工作，是该项目的负责人。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“BeccaRodomsky-Bish”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用who。故填who。【42题详解】考查最高级。句意：印度是去年除美国外参与人数最多的国家，成千上万的人提交了鸟类清单。根据下文的“tensofthousandsofpeoplesubmittedbirdchecklists”可知，印度是除美国外参与人数最多的国家，用形容词最高级。故填highest。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：世界范围内的数据进入eBird数据库，供科学家研究不同的鸟类种群。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，根据空前的different可知，空处为可数名词复数形式。故填populations。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：GBBC是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的world。故填natural。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：这些信息有助于研究人员追踪不同种类鸟类的数量，从而有助于保护它们。根据空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，空处为名词形式。故填protection。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，本周六你班将组织一次乡村旅游活动。请你就此事给外教Mr.Smith写一封邮件，内容包括：1.发出邀请；2.活动内容；3.期待回复。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMr.Smith,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusinatriptothecountrysidethisSaturday.We’llgatherattheschoolgateat8am.Tenminuteslaterwe’llleaveforourdestinationbybus.It’llbeathirty-minuteride.Uponarrival,we’llfirstvisitafarm,wherewecanfeedchickensandpickstrawberries.Afterthatwe’llgofishingnearthefarm.Atnoon,we’llhaveapicniclunchbytheriver.We’llreturnat3pm.Wouldyouliketogowithus.Lookingforwardtoyourreply!Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，本周六你班将组织一次乡村旅游活动。请你就此事给外教Mr.Smith写一封邮件。【详解】1.词汇积累旅行：trip→journey出发：leavefor→setfor返回：return→getback参观：visit→tour2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：We’llgatherattheschoolgateat8am.Tenminuteslaterwe’llleaveforourdestinationbybus.拓展句：Afterwegatherattheschoolgateat8am,tenminuteslaterwe’llleaveforourdestinationbybus.【点睛】[高分句型1]Uponarrival,we’llfirstvisitafarm,wherewecanfeedchickensandpickstrawberries.(运用了where引导非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusinatriptothecountrysidethisSaturday.(运用了不定式作后置定语)第二节(满分25分) 47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Eight-year-oldKayzenHuntervisitsWaffleHouseeveryweekendtohavebreakfastwithhisfamily.TheyalwayschoosetositinDevonteGardner’ssection,becausetheygetthebestcarefromtheirfavoritewaiter.ThefamilyinstantlyfeltclosetoGardner,whowouldgreetKayzenwithahigh-fiveeverytimetheyenteredtherestaurant.Kayzenneverneededtosayhisorderagain,becauseGardneralreadyknewitbyheart.Thefamilyreallybelieveshe’sthenicestpersonever,whichiswhytheywereeagertohelphimwhentheylearnedhisstory.Oneday,whilediningattherestaurantwithhisgrandfatherJohnDonofrio,KayzendiscoveredthatbehindGardner’skindnessandwarmthwerealotofpersonalstruggles.Atthetime,Gardneraskedthepairiftheyknewwherehecouldbuyanaffordablecartousetogettowork.Itturnedoutthewaiterhadbeenwalkingalongdistancetoandfromworkeveryday.Heandhisfamily,consistingofawifeandtwoyoungdaughters,werelivinginamotel(汽车旅馆)roomaftertheirapartmentbecameunsuitabletolivein.Theyhadbeenlivinginamotelformonths.Kayzencouldn’terasehisfriend’sstoryfromhismind,soheimmediatelytoldhismomaboutitwhenhegothome.“WehavetostartaGoFundMepageandhelpGardnergetacar!”hekeptsaying.Hedidn’tgiveupontheideauntilhismomVittoriagavein.Theirgoalwastoget$5,000indonationssoGardnercouldpurchaseacar.Vittoriaandherhusbandwereeagertohelptheirsonachievethegoal,especiallysincetheyhadthesameexperienceyearsago.Ittookalongtimetorebuildtheirlives,buttheywereabletobounceback.Now,theywantedtohelpDevontedothesame.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Alocalnewsstationpickedupthestory,andbeforetheyknewit,moredonationsbeganpouringin.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________UpondiscoveringwhatKayzenhaddone,Gardnerwept.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Alocalnewsstationpickedupthestory,andbeforetheyknewit,moredonationsbeganpouringin.Soon,theyachievedtheirgoal,$5,000,andthenumberkeptincreasing.Theynowhadover$100,000indonationsforGardnerandhisfamily.Themoneywasmorethanenoughforacar,andwouldenableGardnerandhisfamilytomoveoutofthemotelandliveinamorecomfortablespaceforoverayear.Soon,theythoughtitwastimetoletGardnerknowwhattheyhaddoneforhim,sotheyvisitedGardnerandhisfamilyonasunnyday.UpondiscoveringwhatKayzenhaddone,Gardnerwept.Heexpressedhisthankfulnesstoallthepeoplewhohadhelpedhimandhisfamily.Nowtheyhadover$100,000indonationstohelpthembounceback.Afterrentingasimpleapartmentandpurchasingacar.Gardnerwenttoworkateaseandlivedcomfortablywithhisfamily.Afterhewasnolongerworriedabouthislife,hethoughtheshouldputforwardthisactofkindness,sohegavetheextramoneytothesewhowereinneedlikehim,andhehopedsomeonewouldcontinuethisgreatcircle.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了8岁的KayzenHunter得知自己喜欢的服务员Gardner遇到困难后，决定通过筹款的方式帮助他。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“当地一家新闻电台报道了这个故事，在他们意识到之前，更多的捐款开始涌入。”可知，第一段可描写越来越多的人开始为Gardner捐款。②由第二段首句内容“得知Kayzen的所作所为后，Gardner哭了。”可知，第二段可描写Gardner甚为感动，决定将爱传递下去。2.续写线索：同情并为Gardner筹款——捐款蜂拥而至——拜访Gardner——Gardner非常感动——将爱传递下去3.词汇激活行类①实现目标：achieveone’sgoal/realizeone’sgoal②增加：increase/grow③拜访：visit/payavisitto情绪类①感谢：thankfulness/gratitude②担忧的：worried/concerned【点睛】【高分句型1】Soon,theythoughtitwastimetoletGardnerknowwhattheyhaddoneforhim,sothey visitedGardnerandhisfamilyonasunnyday.(运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句和what引导的宾语从句)【高分句型2】Heexpressedhisthankfulnesstoallthepeoplewhohadhelpedhimandhisfamily.(运用了who引导的定语从句)