陕西省渭南市富平县2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末质量检测试题（Word版附解析）

富平县2021~2022学年度第二学期期末质量检测高二英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟；2.答卷前，考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号；3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰；4.考试结束后，监考员将答题卡按顺序收回，装袋整理；试题卷不回收。第I卷（选择题共100分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Tired.B.Excited.C.Relaxed.2.WherehasJohnmoved?A.Inaquietplace.B.Neartheschool.C.Intheschool.3.Whatdoesthewomanwanttofeedherchild?A.Icecream.B.Milk.C.Rice.4.WhatdoesthemantellJanetodo?A.Returnat3o’clock.B.MeetMr.Douglas.C.Putoffhisappointment.5.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$100.B.$80.C.$20.第二节，（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthehospital.B.Inthezoo.C.Intheman’shome.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Tryanothercatfood.B.Buyapetcat.C.Feedacat.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydoesthewomantalkwiththeman?A.Toinvitehimtotheclub.B.Toborrowabookfromhim.C.Toaskhisopinionaboutabook.9.Howoftendoesthegroupmeet?A.Twiceamonth.B.Onceamonth.C.Onceaweek.10.WhatcanwelearnaboutTheKiteRunner?A.Itwasmainlyaboutmakingkites.B.Itwaswritteninthe1970s.C.ItwassetinAfghanistan.听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。11.Whichpartoftheman’sbodywasinjured?A.Aneye.B.Aleg.C.Anarm.12Whenwillthemanprobablygobacktowork?A.Inonemonth.B.Nextyear.C.Thisweek.13.WhoisMollymostprobably?A.Theman’swife.B.Theman’sboss.C.Theman’sdoctor.14.Wherehasthemanbeenforhisholiday?A.Tothewoods.B.Totheseaside.C.Tothemountains.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Moderntechnologies.B.Washingmachines.C.Unemployment.16.Whodoesthehouseworkatthewoman’shouse?A.Thewoman’sfather.B.Machines.C.Themaid.17.Whatdothespeakersagreeaboutmachineteachers?A.Theyarebothartistsandscientists.B.Theywillreplacehumanteachers.C.Theyareusefulbutcan’treplacehuman.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18Whatisthemostspecialpartofthetoymysterybox?A.Itscollectibletoys.B.Itspackaging.C.Itsvalue.19.Whatattractsmillionsofpeopletobooktheairticketmysterybox?A.Thelowprice.B.Thedestination.C.Theadventure.20.Whydosomepeoplethinktheairticketmysteryboxmakespeoplespendmoremoney?ABecauseoftheuncertaindate.B.Becauseoftheunknownroute.C.Becauseoftheactualexpenses.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ATheaterisabigpartofwhatmakesNewYorkshine.Thiscityisfulloftalentthateventheyoungestcanappreciate,andatthebestBroadwayshows,everyoneinyourcrewwillbeinterested.TheLionKingThere’sareasonSimba’sstorycontinuestodrawincrowdsyearafteryear:It’sanamazingproductionwithamazingsetsandamovingscore.SeeingTheLionKingliveissomethinglikeaceremonyforNewYorkkids.Unconvinced?Askthe100million+audiencemembersworldwidewho’veseentheperformance.Ages8andup.SixOnaconcertstage,backedbyanall-femaleband,thesixwivesofTudorDynastyHenryVIIIairtheircomplaintsintheformofmodernpop.Thequeenssingtheirheadsoff,andtheaudiencelosesitsmind.Someofthestoriesareprettydark,butthegirl-powerdancemoveswillmakeolderkidsexcited.Ages10andup.WickedBasedonnovelistGregoryMaguire’s1995adultvariationonL.FrankBaum’sTheWonderfulWizardofOz,Wickedshowswhathappenedbeforetheeventsinthechildren’sbook.Themusicaladdressescomplexthemes,suchasstandardsofbeautyandmorality.Whilechildrenfiveanduparepermittedinthetheater,littleonesmightbeafraidoftheflyingmonkeys.Ages8andup.ComefromAway OneofthemoreunlikelymusicalsonBroadwayisanexcellentchoiceforthefamily:ComefromAwayisthetensebuthumanestoryofanairportinGander,Newfoundland,where38planesandmorethan6,000passengerswereforcedtolandonSeptember11,2001.Itraisesbigtopics,butinsuchawaythatinvitesthoughtfuldiscussion.Ages10andup1.Whichmusicalcombinesroyalhistorywithmodernartform?A.TheLionKing.B.Wicked.C.Six.D.ComefromAway.2.WhatcanyoulearnaboutComefromAway?A.Itfeaturesfemaledancersandsingers.B.Itleavesmuchroomfordeepthinking.C.Itincludesstandardsofbeautyandmorality.D.Itstressesharmonybetweenhumanandnature.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Musicians.B.Archaeologists.C.Astronauts.D.Theatermajors.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个百老汇较为出名的喜剧。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Six部分的“Onaconcertstage,backedbyanall-femaleband,thesixwivesofTudorDynastyHenryVIIIairtheircomplaintsintheformofmodernpop.(都铎王朝亨利八世的六个妻子在一个全女性乐队的支持下，在音乐会舞台上以现代流行音乐的形式表达她们的不满)”可知，Six这部音乐剧结合了皇家历史和现代艺术形式，故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ComefromAway部分的“Itraisesbigtopics,butinsuchawaythatinvitesthoughtfuldiscussion.(他提出了重大的议题，其方式值得深思熟虑的讨论)”可知，ComefromAway这部音乐剧为深入思考留下了很大的空间。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheaterisabigpartofwhatmakesNewYorkshine.Thiscityisfulloftalentthateventheyoungestcanappreciate,andatthebestBroadwayshows,everyoneinyourcrewwillbeinterested.(戏剧是让纽约大放异彩的重要因素。这座城市充满了才华横溢的人，即使是最年轻的人也能欣赏，在最好的百老汇演出中，你的每个工作人员都会感兴趣)”结合文章主要介绍了四个百老汇较为出名的喜剧。可推知，文章针对的是戏剧专业的人，故选D。BWhenastrangergaveDanilleandherhusbandNathanaboxofonionswhichtheylaterfoundtheydidn’t need,shedecidedtopassthekindnesson.Mindfulofmanyfamiliesstrugglingtofeedtheirlovedones,Danielleplacedtheonionsoutsideherhomewithasignencouraginglocalsto“takewhatyouneed,sharewhatyoucan”.Now,oneyearon,theirstand,calledthe“WaverleyCo-op”,providesthousandsoflocalswith500kgoffruit,vegetables,andbreadeachweek.“Residentsandcharitiesdonatesomeproduce,andwetopthisupwith$100offreshfruitandotherfoods,”saysDanielle,whoexplainsthatothersbeganaddingtothestandwiththeirowndonations.“Acommonstorywehearisthattheitemspeopletakefromthestandenablethemtosaveafewextradollarssotheycanaffordtobuymeatthatweek.”ForanewmumStacey,it’dbeenthelifelinesheneededtokeepfoodonthetableforherfamily.Lastyear,the33-year-old’sone-year-oldsonKaidanranintoahotfirescreen,badlyburninghishandsandforehead.Then,herhusbandlosthisjob.WithKaidanneedingurgentmedicalcareinHobart200kmaway,themotherspentfourweeksatherson’sbedsidebeforereturninghome,whichledtopilesofoverduebillsathome.“WithoutthehelpoftheWaverleyCo-op,wewouldn’thavehadfoodornappies,”saysStacey,whodiscoveredthevolunteer-ledstandbywordofmouth.“Ithasbeenablessingtohearthestoriesandmeetthepeopleinourcommunity,”saysDanielle,whocouldn’tbehappierthataboxofonionsbroughtsomanypeopletogether.“Theinvisibleatmosphereoftrust,support,andconnection—that’sbeenthebiggestsuccess!”4.HowdidDanielledealwiththeonions?A.Sheletotherstakethemaway.B.Shedonatedthemtoastand.C.Shefedherfamilyonthem.D.Sheexchangedthemforfreshfruit.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutStacey?A.Shecouldmerelypaythebills.B.ShestayedforayearinHobart.C.Shewasjoblessafterherson’saccident.D.Sheheardaboutthestandfromothers.6.WhatdoestheWaverleyCo-opfinallybringinDanielle’sopinion?A.Abundantfoodsources.B.Strengthenedbondsamongpeople.C.Movingstoriesofstrangers.D.Increasedcommunicationwithlocals.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewMotherSavedHerSonB.DanielleBroughtHappinesstoPeopleC.ASmallStandMadeAlltheDifferenceD.TheWaverleyCo-opGavePeopleWealth【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对夫妇把用不到的洋葱转赠给有需要的人，并受此启发在自家屋外建立一个站点，号召人们“拿你需要的，分享你能分享的”，这个站点旨在将善意传递下去，这一行为帮助到了很多人，建立了人们之间无形的信任，支持和联系的氛围，并取得了成功。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Mindfulofmanyfamiliesstrugglingtofeedtheirlovedones,Danielleplacedtheonionsoutsideherhomewithasignencouraginglocalsto“takewhatyouneed,sharewhatyoucan”.(考虑到许多家庭都在努力养活自己的亲人，Danielle把洋葱放在屋外，并挂了一个牌子，鼓励当地人“拿你需要的，分享你能分享的”。)”可知，Danielle把洋葱放到屋外，让有需要的人拿走他们。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““WithoutthehelpoftheWaverleyCo-op,wewouldn’thavehadfoodornappies,”saysStacey,whodiscoveredthevolunteer-ledstandbywordofmouth.(“如果没有WaverleyCo-op的帮助，我们就不会有食物和尿布，”Stacey说，她通过别人口口相传发现了由志愿者建立的这个站点。)”可知，Stacey是从人们口中听说Danielle站点的。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theinvisibleatmosphereoftrust,support,andconnection—that’sbeenthebiggestsuccess!(无形的信任、支持和联系——这是最大的成功！)”可知，在WaverleyCo-op社区，由于这种传递善意站点的设立，社区居民之间形成了无形的信任，支持和联系，这能加强人与人之间的联系。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhenastrangergaveDanilleandherhusbandNathanaboxofonionswhichtheylaterfoundtheydidn’tneed,shedecidedtopassthekindnesson.(当一个陌生人给了Danille和她的丈夫Nathan一盒洋葱，他们后来发现他们并不需要，她决定把这种善意传递下去。)”以及最后一段“Ithasbeenablessingtohearthestoriesandmeetthepeopleinourcommunity,”saysDanielle,whocouldn’tbehappierthataboxofonionsbroughtsomanypeopletogether.“Theinvisibleatmosphereoftrust,support,andconnection—that’sbeenthebiggestsuccess!(能听到这些故事，见到我们社区里的人，这是一种福气，Danielle说，她对一盒洋葱把这么多人聚在一起感到非常高兴。无形的信任、支持和联系——这是最大的成功！)”可知Danielle一个小小的赠送洋葱的善意行为，最终将善意传递到整个社区，强化了人与人之间的联系，是一个巨大的成功，所以C项“ASmallStandMadeAlltheDifference(小小的善意行为最终改变了世界)”适合做文章标题。故选C。CGlobally,tobaccoisthekingofintoxicatingplants,andnowwecantraceitsculturalrootsdirectlybacktotheIceAge. Recently,fourtobaccoplantseedsfoundinanancientUtahfireplacesuggestearlyAmericansmighthavebeenusingtheplant12,300yearsago.Thefindingmakesthefirstknownuseoftobaccosome9,000yearsearlierthanpreviouslythought.Researchersbelievehunter-gatherersintheGreatSaltLakeDesertmayhavesmokedwadsoftheplant.Untilnow,theearliestevidenceoftobaccousewasa3,300-year-oldsmokingpipediscoveredinAlabama.Scientistsdiscoveredthemillimetre-wideseedsattheWishbonesite,anancientcampinthedesertinwhatisnownorthernUtah.There,theyfoundtherestofanancienthearththatwassurroundedbyboneandstoneartifacts.TheirfindingssuggestthenativeAmericanhunter-gatherersmayhaveconsumedthetobaccowhilecookingortool-making,thescientistssayinapaperpublishedinthejournalNatureHumanBehaviour.ThetobaccoplantisnativetotheAmericasandcontainsthepsychoactiveaddictivesubstancenicotine.TobaccowaswidelycultivatedandspreadaroundtheworldfollowingthearrivalofEuropeansintheAmericasattheendofthe15thcentury,whichplayedasacred,ceremonial,ormedicalroleamongtheancientMayansandotherNativeAmericangroups,andhelpedboostthecolonialeconomyoftheUnitedStates.“Thetobaccoseedswerethebigsurprise.Theyareincrediblysmallandraretobepreserved,”saidDaronDuke,aresearcheroftheFarWesternAnthropologicalResearchGroup.“Today,theGreatSaltLakeDesertisalargedrylake.But12,300yearsago,thecampwouldhavebeenonavastmarshland.Weknowverylittleabouttheirculture.Thethingthatinterestsmemostaboutthisfindisthesocialwindowitgivestoasimpleactivityinanundocumentedpast.Myimaginationrunswild.”8.WhatdoesthefindingsuggestinParagraph2?A.Americanspreferusingsmokingpipes.B.TobaccoplantscaneasilybefoundaroundAmerica.C.Americanshavealongerhistoryoftobaccousethanwethought.D.TobaccoplantswereintroducedintoAmerica9,000yearsago.9.Whatdidscientistsfindattheancientcamp?A.Someanimalmeat.B.Arichfarmingland.C.Amodernhuntingtool.D.Smalltobaccoseeds.10.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Europeanscontributedtothespreadoftobacco.B.Americansstartedlearningtosmokeinthe1500s.C.TobaccowasfirstplantedinAmericabyEuropeans.D.Peopleextremelycaredabouttheeffectsofsmoking. 11.WhatdidDaronDukethinkofthediscoveryoftobaccoseeds?A.Threatening.B.Amazing.C.Alarming.D.Satisfying.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍的是在犹他州一个古老的壁炉中发现的四颗烟草种子表明，早期美国人可能在12300年前就使用过这种植物。这一发现使人们第一次知道烟草的使用比之前认为的早了约9000年。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thefindingmakesthefirstknownuseoftobaccosome9,000yearsearlierthanpreviouslythought.(这一发现使人们第一次知道烟草的使用比之前认为的早了约9000年。)”可知，研究结果表明美国人吸烟的历史比我们想象的要长。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientistsdiscoveredthemillimetre-wideseedsattheWishbonesite,anancientcampinthedesertinwhatisnownorthernUtah.(科学家们在Wishbone遗址发现了这些毫米宽的种子，Wishbone遗址是现在犹他州北部沙漠中的一个古老营地。)”可知，科学家们在古营地发现了小烟草种子。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“TobaccowaswidelycultivatedandspreadaroundtheworldfollowingthearrivalofEuropeansintheAmericasattheendofthe15thcentury.(随着15世纪末欧洲人到达美洲，烟草被广泛种植并传播到世界各地。)”可知，我们能从第五段中了解欧洲人促成了烟草的传播。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thetobaccoseedswerethebigsurprise.Theyareincrediblysmallandraretobepreserved(烟草种子是一大惊喜。它们的体积小得令人难以置信，保存下来的数量也非常稀少。)”可知，达隆·杜克觉得烟草种子的发现是令人惊讶的。故选B。DBoxjellyfish(箱型水母)arethemostpoisonousmarineanimalsknowntoman.Theymeasure3meterslongandweighupto2kilograms.Theyarepaleblueandtransparentincolor,andgettheirnamefromthecube-likeshapeoftheirbody.Boxjellyfishhave6eyesonall4sidesoftheirbody,althoughitisuncertainhowtheyprocesswhattheyseeastheydonothaveacentralnervoussystem.Theyalsohaveupto15tentacles(触须)growingfromeachcorneroftheirbodythathaveabout5,000stinging(带刺的)cellseach.BoxjellyfishcanbefoundprimarilyinthecoastalwatersoffNorthernAustraliaaswellasthroughouttheIndo-Pacific.Theyprefertoliveatrivermouths.Theydonothaveanyorganstobreathe,andwillsleeponthe oceanfloorfrom3p.m.todawn.Unlikeotherjellyfishthatmerelymovealongwiththecurrent,boxjellyfishhavedevelopedawaytotravelwherevertheywanttogo.Theywillshootthemselvesinajet-likefashion,reachingspeedsofupto7.4kilometersperhour.Thedietofboxjellyfishconsistsofthinglikefish,smallanimals,andevenotherjellyfish.Theyusetheirvenom,achemicalwhichcausesheart,skin,andbreathfailure,tokilltheirprey.Sinceboxjellyfishhaveeyes,somescientistsbelievethattheyactivelyhunttheirprey,holdingthebeliefthatboxjellyfishhavedevelopedaspecialsetofeyessimilartohumansthathelpthemskillfullyavoidobstaclesintheocean,whileothersinsistthattheyarejustpassiveopportuniststhatwillwaitandcatchanythingthatwandersintotheirtentacles.BoxjellyfishareresponsibleformorehumandeathsinAustraliathansnakes,sharks,andsalt-watercrocodilescombined.Itisbesttoavoidthemasmoststingswillresultindeath.Hopefully,humansandboxjellyfishcanfindawaytolivewithoneanotherwhilekeepingconflictstoabareminimum.Afterall,suchauniquespeciesofjellyfishdeservestoliveandgrowjustashumansdo.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutboxjellyfishfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itssize.B.Itspoisonousness.C.Itscolor.D.Itshardness.13.Whatcanweinferaboutboxjellyfishfromthepassage?A.Theyliveinthedeepseaingroups.B.Theycanbreatheontheoceanfloor.CTheycandecidethedirectioninwhichtheymove.D.Theyusuallymovealongwiththecurrent.14.Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3refersto________.A.boxjellyfishB.scientistsC.boxjellyfish’spreyD.boxjellyfish’stentacles15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroducesomepoisonousanimals.B.Todescribeakindofanimalunderthesea.CToillustratescientists’researchintoboxjellyfish.D.Toshowtherelationshipbetweenhumansandjellyfish.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是箱型水母这种海洋动物。 【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Boxjellyfisharethemostpoisonousmarineanimalsknowntoman.Theymeasure3meterslongandweighupto2kilograms.Theyarepaleblueandtransparentincolor,andgettheirnamefromthecube-likeshapeoftheirbody.(箱型水母是人类已知的最毒的海洋动物。它们身长3米，体重可达2公斤。它们呈淡蓝色，颜色透明，因身体呈立方体状而得名。)”可知，第一段中没有提到它的硬度。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Unlikeotherjellyfishthatmerelymovealongwiththecurrent,boxjellyfishhavedevelopedawaytotravelwherevertheywanttogo.Theywillshootthemselvesinajet-likefashion,reachingspeedsofupto7.4kilometersperhour.(不同于其他水母只是随着水流移动，箱型水母已经发展出一种想去哪里就去哪里的方式。它们将以喷气式飞机的形式射击自己，速度可达每小时7.4公里。)”可知，箱型水母可以决定移动的方向。故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Unlikeotherjellyfishthatmerelymovealongwiththecurrent,boxjellyfishhavedevelopedawaytotravelwherevertheywanttogo.(不同于其他水母只是随着水流移动，箱型水母已经发展出一种想去哪里就去哪里的方式。)”可知，第三段的they指的是箱型水母。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Boxjellyfish(箱型水母)arethemostpoisonousmarineanimalsknowntoman.Theymeasure3meterslongandweighupto2kilograms.Theyarepaleblueandtransparentincolor,andgettheirnamefromthecube-likeshapeoftheirbody.Boxjellyfishhave6eyesonall4sidesoftheirbody,althoughitisuncertainhowtheyprocesswhattheyseeastheydonothaveacentralnervoussystem.Theyalsohaveupto15tentacles(触须)growingfromeachcorneroftheirbodythathaveabout5,000stinging(带刺的)cellseach.(箱型水母是人类已知的最毒的海洋动物。它们身长3米，体重可达2公斤。它们呈淡蓝色，颜色透明，因身体呈立方体状而得名。箱型水母身体的四面各有6只眼睛，因为它们没有中枢神经系统，所以我们不确定它们是如何处理它们看到的东西的。它们身体的每个角落都长出多达15条触手，每条触手上大约有5000个刺细胞。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是箱型水母这种海洋动物，因此本文作者的目的是描述海底的一种动物。故选B。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。FourRulesforSuccessfulPlantCloningPlantgrowershavetwochoiceswhenitcomestostartingnewplants:growingfromseed,orplantcloning. Andplantclonesofferadvantagesthatgrowingplantsfromseedcan’toffer.Growingfromclones,you’resuretohaveallfemales,andaslongasyoudothecloningyourself,youknowwhothemotherplantisandhowyourcloneswillgrow,yield,andgetyouhigh.___16___.TakeyourplantcuttingsfromahealthymotherplantPlantcloninggivesyougeneticcopiesofyourmotherplant.___17___,yourclonesgetthebeststartpossibly.Avoidusingmotherplantsthataresick,orthatareplaguedwithpests.___18___Mostplantclonesprefertemperaturesslightlyhigherthanyouridealgrowroomtemperature,andtheydon’tlikeadayandnightcyclewithatemperaturedropatnight.That’swhymostgrowersroottheircuttingsunderlightingthatstayson24hoursaday.Thelightingitselfcreatestemperaturestabilization.Temperaturesbetween74—77degreesFahrenheitaretherangeyouwant.CloneslikehighhumidityYourcuttingsneedahumidenvironmentinthe75—95%humidityrangeuntilthey’vecreatedrootsandareabletointakewaterthroughthem.That’swhymanyplantclonersusehumiditycovers.Youneedtowaityourcloneshavefunctioningroots.___19___,they’lldie.UsesterileequipmentandmaterialsYoualreadyfiguredoutthatyourscissors,knifeorothertoolsforcuttingcloneshastobeclean.Butyoualsowanttomakesureyoutrays,cloningcovers,androotzonemediaarecleanandsteriletoo.___20___.Startfresheverytime.Whenyoufollowtheseplantcloningtips,yourclonesuccessrateshouldbenearly100%.A.Ifthey’reindryairB.UsekindLEDlightingC.GiveyourplantclonesconsistentclimateD.Butit’sanartandsciencetoplantcloningE.Don’treusecloningcubesorcloningpowdersandgelsF.Ifyou’retaking20clonesandseeingonly10ofthemsurviveG.Ifyourmotherplantsarestrong,healthy,andhavepotentgenetics【答案】16.D17.G18.C19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了成功克隆植物的四个规则。【16题详解】 根据上文“Growingfromclones,you’resuretohaveallfemales,andaslongasyoudothecloningyourself,youknowwhothemotherplantisandhowyourcloneswillgrow,yield,andgetyouhigh.(从克隆植物中生长，你肯定会有所有的雌性植物，只要你自己做克隆，你就知道母株是谁，你的克隆植物将如何生长、长成作物，让你兴奋。)”可知，看着自己亲自进行克隆植物会是件令人兴奋的事，D项“Butit’sanartandsciencetoplantcloning.(但克隆植物是一门艺术和科学)”，D项与上文之间为转折关系，且有启下的作用，引出下文的四个成功克隆植物的规则，语意顺畅。故选D项。【17题详解】本段主题句“Takeyourplantcuttingsfromahealthymotherplant(从健康的植物母株上取下插枝)”，关键词为motherplant，上文“Plantcloninggivesyougeneticcopiesofyourmotherplant.(植物克隆为您提供母株的基因复制)”可知，植物母株对植物克隆会有遗传影响，联系主题句可知，母株健康，克隆产物才有可能健康；后一句“yourclonesgetthebeststartpossibly(你的克隆可能会有一个最好的开始)”可知，这个好的开始必然是有一个好的先提条件；G项“Ifyourmotherplantsarestrong,healthy,andhavepotentgenetics(如果你的植物母株强壮、健康、有强大的基因)”，故G项与下文为条件关系，对上文信息作出了具体的解释。故选G项。【18题详解】考查主题句。本段第一句“Mostplantclonesprefertemperaturesslightlyhigherthanyouridealgrowroomtemperature,andtheydon’tlikeadayandnightcyclewithatemperaturedropatnight.(大多数植物克隆体喜欢比理想生长温度略高的温度，它们不喜欢白天和晚上的温度下降周期。)”，根据其中的关键词temperatures可知，本段与克隆植物所需的适宜的稳定的温度有关，最后两句“Thelightingitselfcreatestemperaturestabilization.Temperaturesbetween74—77degreesFahrenheitaretherangeyouwant.(照明本身创造了温度稳定。74-77华氏度是你想要的温度范围。)”可知，克隆植物最理想的温度条件为稳定的74-77华氏度。C项“Giveyourplantclonesconsistentclimate(给你的克隆植物稳定的气候)”符合题意。故选C项。【19题详解】本段主题句“Cloneslikehighhumidity(克隆植物喜欢高湿度)”说明了克隆植物的湿度要求，根据下文“they’lldie(他们就会死)”可知，达不到湿度条件,克隆植物会死；A项“Ifthey’reindryair(如果它们在干燥的空气中)”，说明了湿度不够，空气干燥，会导致克隆植物死掉，A项与下文为条件关系。故选A项。【20题详解】本段主题句“Usesterileequipmentandmaterials(使用无菌设备和材料)”说明了克隆植物时的容器、相关材料的要求。上文“Youalreadyfiguredoutthatyourscissors,knifeorothertoolsforcuttingcloneshastobeclean.Butyoualsowanttomakesureyoutrays,cloningcovers,androotzonemediaarecleanandsteriletoo.( 你已经知道你的剪刀、刀或其他用于切割克隆植物体的工具必须是干净的。但是你也要确保你的托盘，克隆覆盖，和根区介质是干净和无菌的。)”，上文列举了对部分材料的要求；E项“Don’treusecloningcubesorcloningpowdersandgels(不要重复使用克隆方块或克隆粉末和凝胶)”，E项承接上文，话题一致，下文“Startfresheverytime.(每次都用新的)”，为总结句，呼应主题句。故选E项。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Oneday,aprofessorenteredtheclassroomandaskedhisstudentstoprepareforasurprisetest.Theywaited____21____attheirdesksforthetesttobegin.Theprofessorhandedoutthequestionpapers,withthetextfacingdownasusual.____22____hehandedthemallout,heaskedhisstudentsto____23____thepageandbegin.Toeveryone’ssurprise,therewereno____24____justablackdotinthecenterofthepage.Theprofessor,seeingtheexpressiononeveryone’sface,toldthemthefollowing:“Iwantyoutowrite____25____youseethere.”Thestudents,____26____,gotstartedontheinexplicable(费解的)task.Attheendoftheclass,theprofessor____27____alltheanswerpapersandstartedreadingeachoneofthemaloudinfrontofallthestudents.Allofthem,withno____28____,describedtheblackdot,tryingtoexplainitspositioninthemiddleofthesheet,etc.Afterallhadbeen____29____,theclassroomwassilent,theprofessorbegantoexplain:“I’mnotgoingtogradethis.I_____30_____wantedtogiveyousomethingtothinkabout.Noonewroteaboutthe_____31_____partofthepaper.Everyonefocusedontheblackdot,andthesamehappensinour_____32_____.Wehaveawhitepapertoobserveand_____33_____,butwealwaysfocusonthedarkspots.Ourlifeisa_____34_____giventouswithloveandcareandwealwayshave_____35_____tocelebrate:naturerenewingitselfeveryday,ourfriendsaroundus,thejobthat_____36_____ourlivelihoodandthemiraclesweseeeveryday._____37_____,weinsistonfocusingonlyonthedarkspots:thehealthissuesthatbotherus,thelackofmoney,the_____38_____relationshipwithcolleagues,the_____39_____withafriend,andetc.Thedarkspotsarevery_____40_____comparedtoeverythingwehaveinourlives,buttheyaretheonesthatpolluteourminds.”21.A.abruptlyB.anxiouslyC.merrilyD.apparently22.A.SinceB.WhileC.AfterD.If23.A.foldB.turnC.openD.grasp 24.A.exercisesB.marksC.scoresD.questions25.A.whichB.whatC.howD.where26.A.confusedB.surprisedC.curiousD.displeased27.A.collectedB.finishedC.markedD.selected28.A.doubtB.excuseC.exceptionD.explanation29.A.displayedB.answeredC.returnedD.read30.A.alsoB.initiallyC.merelyD.eventually31.A.bigB.whiteC.blackD.beautiful32.A.livesB.classroomsC.colleaguesD.studies33.A.bearB.keepC.showD.enjoy34.A.burdenB.pressureC.giftD.lesson35.A.reasonsB.timeC.freedomD.festival36.A.threatensB.associateC.providesD.changes37.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.AdditionallyD.However38.A.complicatedB.closeC.specialD.stable39.A.stayB.disappointmentC.satisfactionD.contact40.A.darkB.roundC.smallD.dirty【答案】21.B22.C23.B24.D25.B26.A27.A28.C29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.C35.A36.C37.D38.A39.B40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲了教授让学生根据一张白纸上的一个黑点来表述自己所以看到的东西，结果所有的学生都只关注到黑点，而忽视了白色的部分，通过这次测试，教授想告诉学生，黑点只是生活中小小的一部分，不要过多的关注它，而应该多看看生活中的白色的部分，这样生活才会变的更好。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们在课桌前焦急地等待考试开始。A.abruptly突然地；B.anxiously焦急地；C.merrily高兴地；D.apparently显然。由后文的“forthetesttobegin”可知，学生们是在课桌前焦急地等待考试开始，故选B。【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他把试卷都发完后，让学生翻开试卷开始做题。A.Since自从；B.While当……的时候；C.After在……之后；D.If如果。根据后文“heaskedhisstudentsto____3____thepageand begin”可知，只有在试卷分发完后，学生才会开始做题。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把试卷都发完后，让学生翻开试卷开始做题。A.fold折叠；B.turn翻；C.open打开；D.grasp抓牢。根据前文“withthetextfacingdownasusual.”和空后动词begin可知，因为试卷是朝下的，所以此处指学生翻开试卷，开始做题。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令大家吃惊的是，试卷上没有问题，只有在纸中央的一个黑点。A.exercises练习；B.marks记号；C.scores分数；D.questions问题。由后文“justablackdot(点)inthecenterofthepage.”可知，试卷上没有问题，只有一个黑点。故选D。【25题详解】考查代词和副词词义辨析。句意：我要你们把看到的写下来。A.which哪一个；B.what什么；C.how如何；D.where在哪里。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“把看到的东西写下来”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生们很困惑，开始了这项令人费解的任务。A.confused感到困惑的；B.surprised感到吃惊的；C.curious好奇的；D.displeased不高兴的。根据后文“gotstartedontheinexplicable(令人费解的)task.”可知，此处在说“学生感到困惑”，开始做这费解的任务。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：课结束时，教授把所有的试卷收起来，开始在全班同学面前大声朗读每份试卷。A.collected收集；B.finished完成；C.marked标记；D.selected挑选。根据常识和空前“Attheendoftheclass”可知，因为要下课了，所以此处指教授收了答题卷。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们无一例外地描述了那个黑点，试图解释它在纸张中间的位置，等等。A.doubt怀疑；B.excuse借口；C.exception例外；D.explanation解释。根据后文“describedtheblackdot,tryingtoexplainitspositioninthemiddleofthesheet,etc.”可知，因为大家都描述了那个黑点，所以此处需用名词exception，表示没有例外。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：读完后，教室里一片寂静，教授开始解释……。A.displayed展示；B.answered回答；C.returned返回；D.read阅读。根据前文“startedreadingeachoneofthemaloudinfrontofallthestudents.”可知，此处指教授读完了学生的卷子。故选D。【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我只是想让你好好想想。A.also也；B.initially最初；C.merely仅仅；D.eventually最后。根据前文“I’mnotgoingtogradethis.”可知，教授不想给学生打成绩，所以此处需用副词merely，加强语气，表示只是想让学生思考一些事情。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人写关于纸的白色部分的内容。A.big大的；B.white白色的；C.black黑色的；D.beautiful美丽的。根据后文“Everyonefocusedontheblackdot”可知，因为大家都关注黑点了，所以没有人关注纸白色的部分。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都关注着黑点，同样的事情也发生在我们的生活中。A.lives生活；B.classrooms教室；C.colleagues同事；D.studies学习。根据后文“Ourlifeisa…”可知，我们都集中在黑点上，在生活中同样的事情也会发生。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一张白纸来观察和欣赏，但我们总是把焦点放在黑点上。A.bear容忍；B.keep保持；C.show出示，展示；D.enjoy欣赏。根据前文动词“observe”可知，我们有一张白纸要观察和欣赏，但我们集中在黑点上。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的生命是上天赐予我们的礼物，充满了爱和关怀，我们总有理由庆祝：大自然每天都在更新，我们身边的朋友，为我们提供生计的工作，以及我们每天看到的奇迹。A.burden负担；B.pressure压力；C.gift礼物；D.lesson功课。根据后文“withloveandcare”可知，我们的生活就是给我们的爱和关心的礼物。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的生命是上天赐予我们的礼物，充满了爱和关怀，我们总有理由庆祝：大自然每天都在更新，我们身边的朋友，为我们提供生计的工作，以及我们每天看到的奇迹。A.reasons理由；B.time时间；C.freedom自由；D.festival节日。根据后文“naturerenewingitselfeveryday,ourfriendsaroundus”可知，因为大自然每天都在更新，所以我们总是有理由庆祝。故选A。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的生命是上天赐予我们的礼物，充满了爱和关怀，我们总有理由庆祝：大自然每天都在更新，我们身边的朋友，为我们提供生计的工作，以及我们每天看到的奇迹。A.threatens威胁；B.associate联系；C.provides提供，支撑；D.changes改变。根据空后“ourlivelihoodandthemiraclesweseeeveryday.”可知，此处需用动词provide，表示工作给我们提供生计。故选C。【37题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们坚持只关注那些黑点：困扰我们的健康问题、缺钱、与同事的复杂关系、对朋友的失望，等等。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover而且；C.Additionally除此之外，还有；D.However然而，但是。前文说我们没有关注试卷白色部分，空后说，我们总是关注黑暗的部分，前后表示转折关系，需用副词however。故选D。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们坚持只关注那些黑点：困扰我们的健康问题、缺钱、与同事的复杂关系、对朋友的失望，等等。A.complicated复杂的；B.close亲密的；C.special特殊的；D.stable稳定的。因为只关注到了生活中的黑点，所以此处表示我们和同事之间的复杂关系。故选A。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们坚持只关注那些黑点：困扰我们的健康问题、缺钱、与同事的复杂关系、对朋友的失望，等等。A.stay待；B.disappointment失望；C.satisfaction满意；D.contact接触。因为只关注到了生活中的黑点，所以此处指对朋友的失望。故选B。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与我们生活中所拥有的一切相比，这些黑点是非常小的，但正是它们污染了我们的思想。A.dark黑暗的；B.round圆的；C.small小的；D.dirty脏的。根据空后“everythingwehaveinourlives”和前文故事描述可知，黑点和我们生活中的每一件事情相比是很小的东西。故选C。第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共50分）第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sydney____41____(consider)tobeoneofthemostexpensivecitiesintheworld.Butitispossibleforinternationalstudentslivingonabudget____42____(find)lotsofthingstodo.Forstudentswhoenjoyphysicalactivitiesandnature,therearemanyplacestowalk,hikeandexplore.TheBlueMountains,locatedinthe____43____(centre)areasoftheSydneyBasin,offers____44____numberofhikingtrailsforpeopleofallathleticabilitiestotakeall-dayhikes,orcampingadventures.Students____45____(draw)moretobeachescandotheBondiBeachtoCoogeeBeachwalk.Thiswalktakesyoualittleunderfourmilesalongthecoastline,providingyou____46____aviewofvariousbeautifulbeachesandparks.YoucanalsowalkthroughtheRoyalBotanicalGardens,____47____islocatedalongtheSydneyHarbour,____48____(feature)publicartandsculpturesscatteredthroughoutthegardens.StudentswillalsowanttowalkacrosstheSydneyHarbourBridge,whichisthe____49____(large)steel-archbridgeintheworld.ThebridgewasbuiltonMarch19,1932,andwalkingitisapopularchoiceforbothlocalsandtourists.Walkingthebridgegivesyouauniqueviewofthebridge_____50_____(it),thecityandtheharbor. 【答案】41.isconsidered42.tofind43.central44.a45.drawn46.with47.which48.featuring49.largest50.itself【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。悉尼通常被认为是世界上生活成本最高的城市之一。对于喜欢体育活动和大自然的学生来说，这里有很多地方可以散步、徒步和探索。【41题详解】考查动词语态。句意：悉尼被认为是世界上生活成本最高的城市之一。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Sydney，谓语用单数。故填isconsidered。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是对于生活拮据的国际学生来说，也有可能找到很多事情去做。此处为句型itbeadj.forsb.todosth.，不定式作真正主语。故填tofind。【43题详解】考查形容词。句意：蓝山位于悉尼盆地的中心地区，为各种运动能力的人提供了许多徒步路线，以进行全天的徒步旅行或露营冒险。修饰名词areas，应用形容词central，作定语。故填central。【44题详解】考查固定短语。句意：蓝山位于悉尼盆地的中心地区，为各种运动能力的人提供了许多徒步路线，以进行全天的徒步旅行或露营冒险。结合句意表示“许多”可知，短语为anumberof。故填a。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被海滩吸引的学生可以在邦迪海滩到库吉海滩散步。分析句子结构可知，draw在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语students构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填drawn。【46题详解】考查介词。句意：沿着海岸线步行不到4英里，你可以看到各种美丽的海滩和公园。此处为短语providesb.withsth.表示“给某人提供某物”。故填with。【47题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你也可以穿过皇家植物园，它位于悉尼港沿岸，公共艺术和雕塑散落在花园中。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theRoyalBotanicalGardens，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你也可以穿过皇家植物园，它位于悉尼港沿岸，公共艺术和雕塑散落在花园中。分析句子结构可知，feature在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语theRoyalBotanicalGardens构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填featuring。【49题详解】考查最高级。句意：学生们还想步行穿过悉尼海港大桥，这是世界上最大的钢拱桥。根据后文intheworld可知，应用最高级。故填largest。【50题详解】考查代词。句意：走在桥上，你可以看到桥本身、城市和港口的独特景色。此处指桥本身，应用反身代词itself。故填itself。第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）51.假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Whenitcomestomusic,hereishowIwanttosay:Musicisoneoftheimportantpartinmylife.Thebeautifulclassicalmusicnotonlyhelpsusdealwithstress,butbringmepleasure.Althoughsomesongscontainrock-and-rollbeats,buttheystillcanmakemefeelcalmandcomfortable.Ibelievemusicisabletopassingonallkindsofemotions.Whilepreparedforthecomingday,Ilovelisteningtomusicasmyregularlymorningroutine.Also,Iamplanningtolearntoplaypiano.Withoutsongsandharmonies,mylifewillbecompletelyempty.【答案】1.how→what2.part→parts3.us→me4.bring→brings5.去掉but 6.passing→pass7.prepared→preparing8.regularly→regular9.piano前加the10.will→would【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了音乐对于作者的生活来说是非常重要的一部分。【详解】1.考查名词性从句。句意：说到音乐，我想说的是：音乐是我生活中重要的一部分。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句中缺少宾语，指物，用连接代词what。故将how改为what。2.考查名词的数。句意：说到音乐，我想说的是：音乐是我生活中重要的一部分。oneof+复数名词。故将part改为parts。3.考查代词。句意：优美的古典音乐不仅能帮助我缓解压力，还能给我带来快乐。根据上文可知，作者讲的是音乐给自己带来的好处，而不是给我们带来的好处，所以用代词me。故将us改为me。4.考查谓语动词。句意：优美的古典音乐不仅能帮助我缓解压力，还能给我带来快乐。notonly…but(also)…引导的并列谓语，bring应该和helps保持一致，所以用第三人称单数形式。故将bring改为brings。5.考查连词。句意：虽然有些歌曲含有摇滚的节奏，但他们仍然可以让我感到平静和舒适。分析句子成分可知，although引导让步状语从句，连词but不可与although连用。故将but去掉。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信音乐能够传递各种情绪。beabletodo能够做……，是固定短语。故将passing改为pass。7.考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：在为即将到来的一天做准备的同时，我喜欢把听音乐作为我早上的日常。本句为状语从句的省略，当while引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，从句主语可省略，省略原则是将主语和be动词同时省略。while引导的状语从句的完整形式为：whileIampreparingforthecomingday，故将prepared改为preparing。8.考查形容词。句意：在为即将到来的一天做准备的同时，我喜欢把听音乐作为我早上的常规工作。修饰名词用形容词形式。故将regularly改为regular。9.考查冠词。句意：此外，我计划学习弹钢琴。英语中，乐器前加定冠词the。故在piano前加the。10.考查虚拟语气。句意：没有歌曲和和声，我的生活将是完全空虚的。本句为without构成的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，主句部分用would+动词原形。故将will改为would。第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.假定你是李华，现在正在英国某所中学读书。昨天你和朋友们在当地的一家海洋公园（marinepark ）里游玩，但是工作人员的服务及园内餐厅的食物让你感到很不满意。请你用英语给相关负责人写一封邮件，内容包括：1.所投诉的问题；2.你的期望。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearSirorMadam,Ivisitedyourmarineparkwithmyfriendsyesterday.I’msorrybutIhavetosaythatIwasdisappointedwiththeserviceyourstaffprovidedandthefoodyourrestaurantsupplied.WhenIcameuptooneofthewaitressestoasktheway,shewasratherimpatient.What’sworse,sheevenlaughedatmewhenIwasabouttoleave.Besides,thesteakIorderedinyourrestaurantwastootoughandsaltytoenjoy.Ithinkthattheserviceandfoodwillalsodisappointothercustomers.Ihopethatyouwilltakemeasurestoimproveyourservice.Yourssincerely.LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，现在正在英国某所中学读书。昨天你和朋友们在当地的一家海洋公园（marinepark）里游玩，但是工作人员的服务及园内餐厅的食物让你感到很不满意。请你用英语给相关负责人写一封邮件。【详解】1.词汇积累提供：provide/supply→offer相当：rather→fairly采取措施：takemeasurestodo→takeactiontodo此外：besides→inaddition2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：I’msorrybutIhavetosaythatIwasdisappointedwiththeserviceyourstaffprovidedandthefoodyour restaurantsupplied.拓展句：Itwastheserviceyourstaffprovidedandthefoodyourrestaurantsuppliedthatdisappointedme.【点睛】[高分句型1]I’msorrybutIhavetosaythatIwasdisappointedwiththeserviceyourstaffprovidedandthefoodyourrestaurantsupplied.(运用了that引导宾语从句)[高分句型2]WhenIcameuptooneofthewaitressestoasktheway,shewasratherimpatient.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句)