山东省2022学年烟台市福山第一中学高二下学期期末考前测试英语试题

山东省烟台市福山第一中学高二期末考前测试英语试卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节：（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场)，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2022.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood--beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)？13/13\nBertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”21.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy？A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.22.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto____.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed23.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture24.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.BWhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2022PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.13/13\nHeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.25.Wang’swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare___________.A.followingthelatestworldtrendB.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbefore13/13\nD.relyingonforeignarchitects26.WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess？A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.[来源:学科网ZXXK]27.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang？A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaalone13/13\naccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersismere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern.30.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.31Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.32Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothat13/13\nconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.33Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.34.Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight`ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.35“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown__36__Ilearnedthislessonfroma(n)__37__manyyearsago.Itookthe13/13\nhead__38__jobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool’soldteamtoplayagainstthe__39__teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydon’tevenpracticeto__40__thegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Icouldn’t__41__Ihadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,Icameto__42__thatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere_43__me.Ihadtochangemy__44__abouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle__45__.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlike__46__.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheir__47__,wemeteverydayand__48__passingandkickingtheballs.Sixmonthsaftersufferingour__49__onthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedto__50__.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea__51__forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest__52__ofmylife.FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercan__53__themembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand__54__them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves__55__,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,notborn.36.A.luckB.testsC.effortsD.nature37.A.experimentB.experienceC.visitD.show38.A.operatingB.editingC.consultingD.coaching39.A.successfulB.excellentC.strongD.new40.A.cheerforB.prepareforC.helpwithD.finishwith41.A.believeB.agreeC.describeD.regret42.A.realizeB.claimC.permitD.demand13/13\n43.A.reactingtoB.lookingforC.dependingonD.caringabout44.A.decisionB.attitudeC.conclusionD.intention45.A.prideB.cultureC.fortuneD.relationship[来源:学|科|网]46.A.leadersB.partnersC.winnersD.learners47.A.rewardsB.vacationC.healthD.honor48.A.riskedB.missedC.consideredD.practiced49.A.defeatB.declineC.accidentD.mistake50.A.relaxB.improveC.expandD.defend[来源:学科网]51.A.shameB.burdenC.victoryD.favor52.A.chancesB.thrillsC.concernsD.offers53.A.surpriseB.serveC.interestD.affect54.A.encouragedB.observedC.protectedD.impressed55.A.honestlyB.individualC.calmlyD.differently第二节:语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2022,thecountry______(56)（grow）morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover______(57)past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis______(58)(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice______(59)(improve)waterquality.Cornuses13/13\nlesswater______(60)riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)run-off.Thisswitchhasdecreased______(61)(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal______(62)(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2022---whenthegovernment______(63)(start)asoil-testingprogram______(64)givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers---and2022,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile______(65)(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.第四部分:写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节:应用文写作（满分15分）假定你是李华,是某国际学校高一学生.请根据下面的写作提示,给校长写一封英语邮件,反映一下学校食堂的情况,并提出几点建议:1.食堂干净,食物可口,服务态度好2.价格高,种类少,等候时间长3.希望改进服务参考词汇:食堂canteenDearHeadmaster,[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]Yours,LiHua第二节：读后续写阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事.[来源:学科网ZXXK]13/13\nTherewasakingwhohadadaughterwhowasveryill.Thedoctorscouldn’tfindanythingwrongwithher.Shejustseemedmiserableandcriedoften.Onenighttheprincessdreamedthatifsheateapairofveryspecialpearsshewouldgetwell.Thekingdeclaredthatwhoeverbroughtintheveryspecialpearsthathealedtheprincesswouldhavetheopportunitytomarrytheprincess.Onefarmerwhohadverysweetandjuicypearsaswellasthreesonstoldhiseldestson,themosthandsomeone,totakeabasketofpearstotheprincess.Onthewaytotheprincessthehandsomesonmetadwarfwhorelatedhowhungryhewas.Hewasafraidoflosingthechancetomarrytheprincess,sohesaidtothehungryman,“TheonlythingsIhaveinthisbasketarepairsofpig’sfeet.”Thehungryman,whowasreallytheprophet(先知)Elijahindisguise,replied,”Amen!Soshallitbe.”Thenhewalkedaway.Whenthehandsomesonwasbroughttotheprincess,heopenedhisbaskettoshowherhispears,butitwasfilledwithpairsofpig’sfeet.Theprincessfainted.Thekingdrovehimaway.Whenthehandsomesonreturnedhome,hedidn’ttellanybodywhathadhappened,andhejustsaidthatthepearsdidn’twork.Thefarmerthendecidedtosendhismiddleson,theonewhowastallandhadlovelyblondhair,tobringhisbestpearstotheprincess.OntheroadtotheprincessthetallsonalsometElijah,whodisguisedhimselfthistimeasapoorbeggar.Thetallsonalsodidn’twanttohelpthebeggar.Hesaid,”Sorry,theonlythingsIhaveinthisbasketarepairsofpigs’ears.”“Amen!”saidElijah,“Soshallitbe.”Whenthetallsonopenedhisbaskettotheprincess,itwasfilledwithpigs’ears.Theprincessbecamenauseous(恶心的).Thekingwasveryangryanddrovehimaway.Paragraph1:Theyoungestsonwasshortandwasn’tveryhandsomeandblond.Paragraph2:Whentheyoungestsonopenhisbasketbeforetheprincess,13/13\n高二英语期末考试复习卷答案听力(高一强化1)：1-5ABACA6-10BACBA11-15CBBCA16-20CABCC阅读理解：21-24CBCAhy25-26BAC27-30CDD七选五：BADGF完形填空：36-40BCADD41-45CBDCB46-50CACBA51-55DBADA语法填空：56.hasgrown57.the58.actually59.toimprove60.than61.pollution62.global63.started64.that/which65.feeding应用文写作：略读后续写：略13/13\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13/13\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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