2021-2022高二英语新教材下学期暑假作业5 选择性必修四 unit 3--4

5选择性必修四unit3--4一、单词拼写1.Peoplea__________forthefireman’sbraveryinhisspeech.2.Peoplehadlosttheirhomesandalltheirp__________intheearthquake.3.Whatthemanagerisseekingisap__________guidetotheroyalgardens.4.Am__________hasescapedfromprison,soanationwidesearchforhimisunderway.5.Hesentmeam__________ofcongratulation,congratulatingmeonthegoodresultIgained.6.Theproposalheputforwardatthepressconferenced__________tobeconsidered.7.Theweatherforecastisnotgoodsowearetakingtwolargep__________ofwarmclotheswithus.8.Themanagerc__________withtheboardbeforefiringthenewemployee.9.Thecaptainsailedhisshipthroughthenarrow__________(航道).10.Itisreportedthatthepolicehave__________(逮捕)thesuspectoftheaccident.11.My__________(对手)wasthesameageandheightasmyself.12.Ifyoutalktoyourchildrenasiftheywereadults,youwillstrengthenthe__________(关系).13.I’velookedthroughallmypapersbutIstillcan’tfindthe__________(合同).14.Theministersaidnooneshallhavethe__________(特权)oftranscendingthelaw.15.Hewaslatefortheimportantmeeting,forhewascaughtinthetraffic__________(堵塞).二、单句语法填空1.Notonlydothesepyramidshavemysticqualities,buttheyaretrulyasiteto__________(behold).2.Forfearofbeinglaughedat,hehasdecidedtowithdraw__________thecompetition.\n3.Thedrug__________(withdraw)fromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.4.Jamesknewtherewasnoroomfor__________(negotiate),andhetriedtoclosehiseyes，mindblank.5.Thehighway__________(extend)allthewaytothehorizonleadsustothatbeautifulcoastaltown.6.Shefeltastrange__________(mix)ofexcitementandfearthatsheneverhadbefore.7.Afterhewontheamateurchampionshipheturned__________(profession).8.Withthisinformation__________hand,youwillbewellequippedtoadviseothers.9.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive__________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.10.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans__________（retire）fromher36-year-oldbusiness,11.Ittookherthreehours__________(repair)herbike.12.Theman__________(circulate)thefakenewsthat18firefighterslosttheirlivesintheexplosionwasarrested.13.__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.14.Sheforcedherself__________(be)politetothem.15.Ididn’tmeantoeatanythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp__________(try)it.16.Whenwegotacall__________(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.17.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________(hear).18.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant__________(wear)theuniform.19.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy__________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.20.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4__________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.\n三、题型组合练阅读理解Theworldcanbeascaryplacewhenyou'reyoung.Itcanbeevenscarierwhenyou'reayounglittlebluepenguin(企鹅),thetiniestofthepenguinspecies.Luckily,therearesomehumanswillingtohelp.TheysteppedintoprotectBilly,abluepenguinthatappearedonabeachinChristchurch,NewZealand.SpottedonNovember29attheslipwayatMoncksBay,nearSumner,inChristchurch,thelittlepenguinimmediatelyattractedasmallcrowd.JeffMeinSmithsawthecrowdwhilehewasbicyclingthatafternoon,andhebikedhometogethiscamera.Whenhereturnedtothescene,hefoundthatthepenguinhadreceivedalittlesign,onethatread“Hi,I'mwaitingformymumtocomeback.DOC(DepartmentofConservation)knowsI'mhere.Pleaseleavemealone.Keepyourdogaway.Thanks,Billythebabybluepenguin.”Billydidn'tmoveawayfromthesign.TheDOCarrivedlaterthatafternoontopickupBilly,thoughtheyweresurprisedtoseeitonthebeach.“It'sunusualforabluepenguintobeoutintheopenonthebeachduringtheday,”AnitaSpencer,aDOCseniorranger,toldStuff.BillywastakentotheChristchurchPenguinRehabilitationCenterafterbeingretrievedfromthebeach.Volunteersbelievethebirdmayactuallybeafemalepenguin,andisaround2monthsold.Thechickweighsamere550grams,lessthanastandardbasketball.Abluepenguinshouldweigharound900gramsatthisage.Mostlittlepenguinsgrowuptoweigh1kilogram.Thecenterwillhelpthelittlepenguingainsomeweightbyfeedingitfishjuice,beforeit'ssetfreeintotheocean.1.Whycantheworldbefrighteningtoayoungpenguin?A.Itisararespecies.B.Itfacespotentialdanger.C.Itissurroundedbythecrowd.D.Itisthreatenedbydogs.\n2.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatBilly__________.A.isamalepenguinB.hasexpresseditsthanksC.weighslessforitsageD.preferslivingonthebeach3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“retrieved”inParagraph4?A.Ignored.B.Cured.C.Givenaway.D.Broughtback.4.WhatwillhappentoBillyinthecenter?A.ItwillbereportedtoStuff.B.Itwillbevisitedbythelocals.C.Itwillbetakengoodcareof.D.Itwillbefedwithfruitjuice.七选五Youknowthateatinghealthy,stayingactive,andsolvingafewbraingamescanhelpkeepyourmemory.Butthefollowinglesser-knownhabitsworkwonderstoo.1._____1_____Whenwesitwithourshouldersbentforward,thisdefeatedpositionactuallycausesustofeelanxiousordepressed—whichmakesithardertothinkclearlyandrememberthings.Conversely(反过来),straightuprightpostureapparentlyimprovesmemorybecauseitboostsbloodandoxygenflowtothebrain.2.Exercise—OnceHavingtroublerememberingfaces?_____2_____Inastudy,picturesoffaceswereshowntoolderfolksaftertheypedalastationary(静止的)bikeatanintensepaceorsimplysitonaself-pedalingbike.Onaverage,peoplerememberedthefacesbetteraftertheintenseexercise.What’smore,thememorygainsafterasingleworkoutweresimilartothegainsafter3monthsofregularexercise.3.LimitTVEveryparentandgrandparenthasheardthattoomuchscreentimecanhurtachild’s\ncognitivedevelopment._____3_____Accordingtoastudy,people(aged50orolder)whowatchedmorethan3.5hoursofTVadayfor6yearsexperiencedagreaterdropinverbalmemorytestscoresthanthosewhowatchedless.4.DrawaimlesslyAresearchshowsthosewhodrewthewordsrememberedthemostwhenrecallingwords.That’sbecausewhilesomepartsofthebrainaboutgettingmemorybackbecomeworseaspeoplegrowolder,thepictureprocessingregionsusuallydon’t._____4_____5.WalkBackward_____5_____Walkback!Backwardmotion—whetherreal,imagined,orwatched—helpspeopleremembertheinformationbetterthansittingstilland,inmostcases,betterthanforwardmotion.Itmaybethatmovingbackwardinspacementallyhelpsusmovebackintimetothemomentwelearnedsomething.A.SitTall.B.StandStraight.C.Startmoreworkouts.D.Sweatforphysicaltraining.E.Thussketchingcanhelpadultskeeptheirmemorysharp.F.Butwhataboutthoseattheotherendoftheirlifespan?G.Nexttimeyou’retryingtorecallsomething,don’tjustthinkback.应用文写作假定你是李华，你校即将举办“英文读书月”活动——阅读并写读书笔记。请你给外教Alex写一封邮件求助，内容包括：1.介绍活动内容；2.请他推荐英文书；3.请教如何写读书笔记。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。\nDearAlex,I'mwritingtoaskforyourhelp._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua\n答案与解析一、单词拼写【答案】1.applauded2.possessions3.professional4.murderer5.mail6.deserves7.parcels8.consulted9.channel10.arrested11.opponent12.bonds13.contract14.privilege15.jam【解析】1.考查动词。句意：在演讲中人们为消防员的勇敢鼓掌。句子叙述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；根据句意和所给首字母，应是动词applaud；故填applauded。2.考查名词。句意：人们在地震中失去了家园和所有的财产。空格处作lost的宾语，且与homes并列，故空格处填名词复数。根据汉语提示，故填possessions。3.考查形容词。句意：经理要找的是皇家花园的专业向导。分析句子，该空需要填一个形容词作定语修饰名词guide，结合句意及首字母p，形容词professional符合题意。故填professional。4.考查名词。句意：一名杀人犯越狱了，因此正在全国范围内搜捕他。根据语意、首字母提示及“A”可知设空处应填名词单数murderer，作主句的主语。故填murderer。5.考查名词的数。句意：他给我发了一封贺信，祝贺我取得了好成绩。am_______ofcongratulation是名词所有格，结合不定冠词a和首字母提示可知，用名词mail的单数形式。故填mail。6.考查时态。句意：他在记者招待会上提出的建议值得考虑。定语从句heputforwardatthepressconference是修饰主语Theproposal的，此处缺乏谓语，由句意可知，讲现在的事情，时态用一般现在时，主语Theproposal是单数，谓语也用单数形式，动词deserve（值得）符合句意。故填deserves。7.考查名词。句意：天气预报说天气不好，所以我们带了两大包保暖的衣服。根据单词首字母以及句意“包，包裹”，可知应填名词parcel，作宾语，由two修饰应用复数。故填parcels。8.考查动词时态。句意：经理在解雇新雇员之前与董事会商议过。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，根据语境，描述过去事实，应用一般过去时，根据句意和首字母\n提示，故填consulted。9.考查名词。句意：船长驾船穿过狭窄的航道。分析句子可知，设空处为介词through的宾语，应用名词，根据汉语提示，故填channel。10.考查现在完成时。句意：据报道，警察已经逮捕了事故的嫌疑犯。由空格前的have和语境可知此处是现在完成时，故空格处填过去分词。根据汉语提示可知填arrested。11.考查名词的数。句意：我的对手和我一样大，一样高。结合谓语was可知，此处用单数名词opponent（对手）作主语。故填opponent。12.考查名词。句意：如果你像对待成年人一样和孩子们说话，你会加强和他们之间的联系。根据语意“关系”及“the”可知，设空处应填名词。“关系”在此处体现复数概念。故填bonds。13.考查名词。句意：我已经翻遍了所有的文件，但还是找不到那份合同。在定冠词the后应是名词形式；根据句意和所给汉语提示，应是名词contract。故填contract。14.考查名词。句意：部长说任何人都不能有超越法律的特权。空格处作have的宾语，且前有冠词the，故空格处填名词。根据汉语提示，可知填privilege。15.考查名词。句意：他参加重要会议迟到了，因为交通堵塞了。介词in后用名词短语trafficjam（交通阻塞）作宾语。故填jam。二、单句语法填空【答案】1.bebeheld2.from3.waswithdrawn4.negotiation5.extending6.mixture7.professional8.in9.toperform10.toretire11.torepair12.circulating13.Toenjoy14.tobe15.trying16.saying17.tobeheard18.towear19.tocare20.tofind【解析】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些金字塔不仅有神秘的特质，而且是真正值得观赏的景点。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词asite，表示“一个值得看的景点”，动作还未发生。所以要用不定式，表示未来的动作。因为site和behold看之间是被动关系，“景点被看”，所以应该试图用不定式的被动，结合空白前的to，故填bebeheld。2.考查介词。句意：因为害怕被嘲笑，他决定退出比赛。根据句意可知，withdraw\n__________thecompetition.意为从比赛中退出，空处缺少介词“从……”，故填from。3.考查时态语态。句意：在一些人出现严重的副作用后，这种药物被停止销售。空白处在句中为谓语，根据句中after引导的时间状语从句中suffered可知主句的时态和从句时态要一致，用一般过去时；句子主语thedrug和动词withdraw为被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故填waswithdrawn。4.考查名词。句意：詹姆斯知道没有谈判的余地，他试图闭上眼睛，脑子里一片空白。根据设空前的介词for可知此处要用名词作宾语。故填negotiation。5.考查非谓语动词。句意：一直延伸到地平线的高速公路，把我们带到了那个美丽的海滨小镇。分析可知，__________(extend)allthewaytothehorizon在句中为后置定语，修饰名词thehighway，highway与extend为主谓关系，所以此处要用现在分词形式。故填extending。6.考查名词。句意：她感到一种前所未有的兴奋和恐惧的奇怪的混合。根据设空前形容词strange，可知此处要用名词。故填mixture。7.考查名词。句意：在他赢得业余冠军后，他成为了职业选手。根据设空前连系动词turned，可知此处要用名词作表语。故填professional。8.考查介词。句意：掌握这些信息，你就能很好地给别人提供建议。根据句意可知，空处与hand组成短语意为拥有，inhand意为在掌握中，在手中。符合句意。故填in。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，故此处用toperform。故填toperform。10.考查不定式作后置定语。句意：自豪的艾琳在领取“终身成就奖”时说她没有从她36年的事业中退休的打算。分析可知“retire(退休)”是“去做、将要做”的事，故用不定式作定语修饰前面的名词plans，构成“haveplantodo”这一结构。故填toretire。11.考查动词不定式。句意：她花了三个小时修理她的自行车。分析可知，Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人时间做某事，为固定搭配。故填torepair。12.考查非谓语动词。句意：传播18名消防员在爆炸中丧生的假消息的男子被捕。\n动词circulate意为“散布，传播”，根据circulate和逻辑主语Theman之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词作定语修饰Theman。故填circulating。13.考查不定式做目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析结构可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填Toenjoy。14.考查非谓语动词。句意：她强迫自己对他们有礼貌。固定短语forcesb.todosth.，意为“强迫某人做某事”，故填tobe。15.考查非谓语动词。句意：我本不想吃任何东西，但冰激凌看起来太好吃了，我忍不住试了一下。固定短语meantodosth.打算做某事；can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事。结合设空前can'thelp，故填trying。16.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们接到电话说她进入候选人名单的时候，我们都认为这是个玩笑。根据空白后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。17.考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们在饭桌上大声说话，我不得不努力让别人听见。固定搭配struggletodosth.“努力做某事”，主语I和动词hear是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），此处hear用动词不定式的被动式（tobedone）。故填tobeheard。18.考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。wanttodosth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填towear。19.考查非谓语动词。句意：竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。它们很容易照顾，也是很好的礼物。此处为固定句型：主语+be+adj.+todo，beeasytocarefor“容易照顾”。根据句意，故填tocare。20.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填tofind。三、题型组合练阅读理解【答案】1-4BCDC【解析】本文为记叙文。本文主要讲解了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终获救的故事。1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Whenhereturnedtothescene,hefoundthatthepenguin\nhadreceivedalittlesign,onethatread“Hi,I'mwaitingformymumtocomeback.DOC(DepartmentofConservation)knowsI'mhere.Pleaseleavemealone.Keepyourdogaway.Thanks,Billythebabybluepenguin.””（当他回到现场时，他发现企鹅收到了一个小牌子，上面写着“嗨，我在等我妈妈回来。环境保护部知道我在这里。请不要打扰我。让你的狗走开。谢谢你，蓝色小企鹅比利”）”可知，有人在小蓝企鹅身旁竖了一个牌子，警示人们不要打扰它，不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知，对于小蓝企鹅来说这个世界是可怕的，因为它面临着潜在的危险。故选B项。2.推理判断题。根据第四段“Thechickweighsamere550grams,lessthanastandardbasketball.Abluepenguinshouldweigharound900gramsatthisage.（小企鹅体重只有550克，比一个标准的篮球还轻。在这个年龄，一只蓝色的企鹅体重应该在900克左右）”由此可推知，小蓝企鹅的体重低于他这个年龄的企鹅。故选C项。3.词义猜测题。根据第四段“BillywastakentotheChristchurchPenguinRehabilitationCenterafterbeingretrievedfromthebeach.（比利从海滩上获救后，被送到了克赖斯特彻奇企鹅康复中心）”可知，小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇企鹅康复中心的，故retrieved意为“带回”。故选D项。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thecenterwillhelpthelittlepenguingainsomeweightbyfeedingitfishjuice,beforeit'ssetfreeintotheocean.（在这只小蓝企鹅被放生到海里之前，康复中心会通过喂它鱼汁来帮助它增重）”可推知，小蓝企鹅在康复中心得到很好的照顾。故选C项。七选五【答案】1-5ADFEG【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了保持大脑记忆功能的一些方法。1.考查段落标题。根据段落内容“当我们向前弯曲坐着时，这种姿势实际上会使我们感到焦虑或沮丧，这使得清晰思考和记住事情变得更加困难。相反，坐正的姿势显然可以改善记忆力，因为它可以促进血液和氧气流向大脑”。可知，A项（坐正。）能够概括本段内容。该选项中的sit一词在第二段中出现了，该段中的straightupright指的是坐姿要“端正”。故选A项。\n2.考查段中句。根据空前“Havingtroublerememberingfaces?（难以记住面孔吗？）”和空后“Inastudy,picturesoffaceswereshowntoolderfolksaftertheypedalastationary(静止的)bikeatanintensepaceorsimplysitonaself-pedalingbike.Onaverage,peoplerememberedthefacesbetteraftertheintenseexercise.What’smore,thememorygainsafterasingleworkoutweresimilartothegainsafter3monthsofregularexercise.（在一项研究中，人脸的照片展示给以剧烈的速度踩踏静止的自行车或只是坐在自动踏板自行车上运动之后的老年人。一般来讲，剧烈运动后人们对面部的记忆更好。而且，一次剧烈锻炼后对保持记忆力的好处与定期锻炼三个月后的效果是相似的。）”可知，D项（在进行体育锻炼时要出汗。）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项是对前面问题的回答，通过锻炼可以使保持记忆力，空格后是在讲一个具体的锻炼方法及它所带来的好处，D项的physicaltraining与本段的regularexercise是相关表达。故选D项。3.考查段中句。根据空前“Everyparentandgrandparenthasheardthattoomuchscreentimecanhurtachild’scognitivedevelopment.（每个家长和祖父母都听说过对着荧幕时间过久会伤害孩子的认知发展。）”和空后“Accordingtoastudy,people(aged50orolder)whowatchedmorethan3.5hoursofTVadayfor6yearsexperiencedagreaterdropinverbalmemorytestscoresthanthosewhowatchedless.（根据一项研究，年龄在50岁以上的人每天观看电视超过3.5个小时，如持续6年，其语言记忆力测试成绩的下降幅度要比收看较少的人更高。）”可知，F项（那年龄较大的人呢？）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的“thoseattheotherendoftheirlifespan”指的是空格后的people(aged50orolder)。故选F项。4.考查段尾句。根据空前“Aresearchshowsthosewhodrewthewordsrememberedthemostwhenrecallingwords.That’sbecausewhilesomepartsofthebrainaboutgettingmemorybackbecomeworseaspeoplegrowolder,thepictureprocessingregionsusuallydon’t.（一项研究表明，那些画字词的人对单词的记忆最深。那是因为随着人们年纪变大，大脑的某些部位的记忆功能变得更糟，而负责图片处理的大脑区域通常不会。）”可知，E项（因此，画字词可以帮助成年人保持清晰的记忆。）能够承接上文。该选项中的sketching与第五段的标题draw及该段中的drew是同义词，即描绘。故选E项。\n5.考查段首句。根据空后“Walkback!Backwardmotionhelpspeopleremembertheinformationbetterthansittingstilland,inmostcases,betterthanforwardmotion.（向后走！向后运动比起静止不动并且在大多数情况下比向前运动更能帮助人们记住信息。）”可知，G项（下次您想回忆某件事时，不要只是通过大脑来回忆。）能够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的back在空格后的句子中出现了。故选G项。应用文写作【答案】DearAlex,I'mwritingtoaskforyourhelp.OurschoolisplanningtoholdaneventcalledEnglishReadingMonth,inwhichwearerequiredtoreadanEnglishbookandtakenotes.IhopeyoucanrecommendanEnglishbooktome.ConsideringI'mnotanadvancedEnglishlearner,thebookneedstobesuitableformylevel.Itwillbebetterifthebookisaboutthelifeofteenagers.Meanwhile,Ialsofeelconfusedabouttakingnotes.Couldyouoffermesomeguidance?I'dappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomesoon.Yours,LiHua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Alex写封邮件，请他推荐英语阅读书籍并就写读书笔记给出建议。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和少量现在进行时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.介绍活动内容；2.请他推荐英文书；3.请教如何写读书笔记\n第二步:列提纲（重点词组）askforhelp，berequiredto，takenotes，recommend，considering，besuitablefor，Meanwhile，feelconfused，offersb.someguidance第三步：连词成句1.OurschoolisplanningtoholdaneventcalledEnglishReadingMonth,inwhichwearerequiredtoreadanEnglishbookandtakenotes.2.ConsideringI'mnotanadvancedEnglishlearner,thebookneedstobesuitableformylevel.3Itwillbebetterifthebookisaboutthelifeofteenagers.4.Meanwhile,Ialsofeelconfusedabouttakingnotes.5.I'dappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomesoon.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but(also),including,3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，[高分句型1]OurschoolisplanningtoholdaneventcalledEnglishReadingMonth,inwhichwearerequiredtoreadanEnglishbookandtakenotes.使用了介词+关系代词引导的定语从句[高分句型2]I'dappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomesoon.使用了if引导的条件状语从句