北京市门头沟区2022届高三英语一模试题（Word版附答案）

门头沟区2022年高三年级综合练习（一）英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Afewweeksago,Ireceivedapackagecontainingseedsfrommyfriend.WhenIaskedherwhattheywould___1___into,asmilecrossedherface.“Justplantthemandbepatient.You’llseeforyourself___2___!”shesaid.Isowedtheseedsinaflowerpot.Inthefirstfewdays,Iwasveryexcitedtosearchfortheslightestsigns,but___3___happened.Withheavyloadsofhomework,Ibegantofeelsadand___4___.HowmuchIlongedforthecolorinmyfast-pacedlife.Iwateredtheplantsindryperiods.Ontheeighthday,tomygreat___5___,afewlightgreensprouts(新芽)appeared.Bendingdownandstudyingtheplants,Icouldalmosthearthemgrowing.Moredayspassed,andtheflowerpotsoonbecame___6___withcoriander(香菜)plants.Nowtheyaretallerthantheedgeofthepot,constantlyshakingtheirleavesinthegentlewind,asiftheyweremerrilysingingasongof___7___.Iamcertainthatafterafewmoredays,myplantswillbereadyfor___8___.Theseplantshaveplayedanimportantpartin___9___upmyeverydaylife.Theymaynotbeamaindishonourtable,butusingsomewillsurelymakeourdishesdelicious.Letusallslowourpacedownandbepatient.Solongaswetakestepstosetourheartsfree,timeandpatiencewill____10____uswiththepurepleasureofbeingaliveinthislovelyworld.1.A.growB.runC.lookD.break2.A.immediatelyB.finallyC.quicklyD.regularly3.A.anythingB.everythingC.somethingD.nothing4.A.shockedB.disappointedC.embarrassedD.scared5.A.surpriseB.pityC.shameD.anxiety6.A.packedB.linedC.crowdedD.piled7.A.courageB.freedomC.interestD.relief 8.A.harvestB.lossC.sightsD.rest9.A.pickingB.endingC.brighteningD.taking10.A.impressB.assistC.surroundD.reward【1~10题答案】【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.A9.C10.D第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ahuntingdog,whohadbeenanexcellentoneinhistimeanddonegoodservicetohismaster,finallybecamewornoutbecauseofhisoldage.Oneday,when____11____(hunt)awildpig,heseizedthecreaturebytheear,buthisteethgaveway.He____12____(force)toletgohishold,andthepigescaped.Hismaster____13____(severe)scoldedhim.Buttheweakdogreplied:“Spareyouroldservant!RememberwhatIwasratherthanabusemeforwhatIam.”【11~13题答案】【答案】11.hunting12.wasforced13.severelyB阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Agroupdoctors,____14____hadbeenspeciallytrainedinskiingskillsinChinaoverthelastfouryears,providedmedicaltreatmentduringtheWinterOlympics.Inthefield,iftherewasanaccident,theskidoctorshadtobeonthesceneinfourminutes____15____a10-kilomedicalbagandhadtodealwiththeinjuriesandremovethe____16____(injure)athletefromthetrackinjust15minutes.【14~16题答案】【答案】14.who15.with16.injuredC 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhohasboughtormovedintothehouseistheonewho____17____(throw)theparty.Thepartyisachanceforclosefriendsandfamilymembers____18____(congratulate)thepersononthenewhome.Italsogivespeopleachancetosee____19____thenewhomelookslike.Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveand____20____(present)hopefully.【17~20题答案】【答案】17.throws18.tocongratulate19.what20.presents第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATipsonHowtoUseBodyLanguageinInterviewsWhenwasthelasttimeyouwenttoaninterview?Howdiditgo?Therearelotsofthingstorememberandprepare.However,oneimportantthingtothinkaboutisyourbodylanguageasitcanreallyhelpyougetthejob.Withagoodunderstandingofbodylanguageininterviews,youcancommunicatetherightmessages,andevenunderstandwhattheinterviewerissayingorthinking.Herearesomereallyusefulthingsyouneedtoknowaboutbodylanguageininterviews.GreetingsWhengreetingtheinterviewer,smile,lookhimintheeyeandintroduceyourselfinastrongandconfidentvoice.Also,rememberthatinmostEnglish-speakingcountries(theUK,theUSA,Australia,Canada,etc.),afirmhandshakeisseenasasignoftrust;andalimphandshakecouldmakeyouappearweakordisinterested.Expertsrecommendwaitingfortheinterviewertoextendhishandfirst.Palms(手掌)Whenpossible,keepyourpalmsfacinguptoshowthatyou’reopen,trustworthyandinterested. Researchhasshownthatifwecan’tseetheotherperson’sopenpalms,wesubconsciouslybecomesuspiciousofthem.MirroringMirroringinvolvescopyingwhatsomeonedoeswiththeirbody.Forexample,iftheinterviewerplacesahandontheirleg,youshoulddothesame,butnottooobviously.Expertshaveshownthatmirroringsomeonecanmakehimlikeyou,oreventhinkthatyou’remorehonestandtrustworthy.However,becareful—iftheotherpersonknowsaboutthistechnique,hemightnoticeyoudoingit.SittingpositionWhensitting,ifyouleanback,youcouldappearlazyorarrogant;andifyouleanforwardtoomuch,youmightappearaggressive.Theidealpostureistositwithyourbackstraightandyourshouldersbackabit,leaninginveryslightly.Sitwithyourlegsslightlyaparttogivetheimpressionofself-confidenceandtrytoangleyourkneesandfeetsothey’repointingtowardstheinterviewer.21.Agoodunderstandingofbodylanguagecanhelpyou______.A.succeedingettingthejobB.expressthecorrectmessagesC.knowmoreabouttheinterviewerD.performbetterthanotherinterviewees22.Whenbeinginterviewed,youshould______.A.extendyourhandfirstB.sitwithyourlegsapartC.keepyourpalmsfacingdownD.copywhattheinterviewerdoes23.Whichcolumnofamagazineisthearticleprobablyfrom?A.Adventure.B.Entertainment.C.Life.D.Profile.【21~23题答案】【答案】21.B22.D23.CBElvisPresleywasoneofthegreatestmusiciansinrockandrollhistorywhochangedthewaypeopleenjoyedmusic.BornonJanuary8,1935,Presleywasraisedbylovingworking-classparents.Hereceivedhisfirstguitarasagiftonhis11thbirthdayandhadhisfirsttasteofmusicalsuccessafew yearslaterwhenhewonatalentshowathishighschool.Aftergraduatingin1953,hеdidanumberofjobswhilepursuinghismusicaldream.In1955,Presleybegantodevelopafollowingforhisunusualmusicalstyleandgoodlooks.Thatsameyear,hesignedwithRCA.Afterthat,Presleywasonaroll,scoringwithhisfirstNo.1singleaswellashisfirstNo.1album,andsigningamoviecontract—allin1956.Fromveryhumble(卑微的)beginnings,hegrewintooneofthebiggestnamesinrockandroll.Presleywashugelypopular,releasingalbumafteralbumofperfectlywrittenandperformedsongsandcreatingahugebodyofworkthatwastheenvyofanyoneduringtherockera.HewasalsoabiginfluenceintheCivilRightsMovementatthemomentwhenblackmusicwasbecomingpopular.Hishome,Graceland,alsobecamealandmark.Afterhisdeath,countlessfansfromaroundtheworldvisitthefamousresidenceeveryyear.FigureslikePresleyhelpedcreatetheimageofthe“rockstar”asaculturaliconinAmerica.Inthemid-20thcentury,singersandmusiciansbecamesuperstarsduetothewiderdistributionofmusicandthepost-wareconomicgrowth,whichledtomuchmorefreetimeandincomeforAmericanfamilies.Therebellious(叛逆的)rockstarsinspiredthemtocreatetheirown,moreliberatedidentityoutsidetheculturalnorms(准则)inthe1950s.ColorfulfigureslikePresleyinfluencedanentiregenerationofAmericans.24.WhatdoweknowaboutPresleyasayoungboy?A.Hehadagiftformusic.B.Hisfamilywasrich.C.Hereceivedaguitarin1953.D.Hisfamilydidn’tsupporthisdream.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onaroll”inParagraph2mean?A.Busywithwork.B.Successfulincareer.C.Attractivetofans.D.Includedinarankinglist.26.WhatdidfigureslikePresleybringinthe1950s?A.Alossofidentity.B.Thegrowthofeconomy.C.Achallengetostandards.D.Achangeinsocialstatus.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RockandRollandItsOrigin.B.ElvisPresleyandHisInfluence.C.TheInfluentialFiguresinRockandRoll. D.TheUpsandDownsofElvisPresley’sLife.【24~27题答案】【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.BCFarmedfishshouldhavethesamelegalprotectionasotherfarmedanimals,accordingtoananimalwelfaregroup.TheConservativeAnimalWelfareFoundation,whichhasCarrieJohnsonasasupporter,saysfishdeservetobetreatedwiththesamecareascows,pigs,sheepandotherlivestockbecausetheyexperiencestressandpain.Thefoundationisfocusingonimprovingfishwelfareduringslaughter(屠宰)becausethatiswherethebiggestdifferencesinprotectionlie.Slaughterhousesforlandanimalsarerequiredtohaveavetonsiteandmusthaveclosed-circuittelevisioninallareaswhereanimalsarehandled,stunnedandkilled,withfootagestoredforindependentinspection.Suchlegalrequirementsdonotapplytofishslaughterfacilities,whicharenotsubjecttoroutinewelfareinspectionsbypublicbodies.TheUKindustry,whichrearsupto80millionfishayear,hasinsteadadoptedvoluntarycodesofpractice.AreportbythefoundationcitesevidenceofabusesoffishrevealedlastyearbyTheTimes.Astunningmachineatthefirm’splantatArnishontheIsleofLewisfailedtomakethemunconsciousandworkersusedtheirfingerstotearthegills(鳃)andstruggledtokeepupwiththevolumeoffishwrigglingontheunit.Fishwerethrownandkickedastheystruggledonthegroundin2020atTestValleyTroutFarminginHampshire,whichsuppliedtheRitzandHarrods.Fishconsideredunprofitableweredroppedonthefloorandlefttodie.Thecompanysaidthetreatmentofthefishwasunacceptableanditoperatedunder“thebestindustrystandardsavailable”.Thefoundation’sreportreferstothefindingsofthegovernment’sFarmAnimalWelfarecommittee,whichsaidina2014opiniononfishwelfarethat“atleastsomespecies,includingtrout,haveasensoryexperienceofpain”aswellas“adegreeofsense”.Studieshaveshownthatfishfeelpainandchangetheirbehaviourtoavoidit.Inonestudy,goldfishweregivenanelectricshockinanareaofatankwheretheyreceivedfood.Theyavoidedthatareaforthreedaysbeforehungerovercametheirfear.ThefoundationreportstatesthattheUKgovernmentisfailingaquaticanimalsdismallyandcallsforunannouncedwelfareinspectionsoffishslaughterhousesandsaystheyshouldberequiredto installclosed-circuittelevision,withfootagereviewedbypublicbodies.28.Whatcanweprovideforthefarmedfish?A.Comfortableplace.B.Lesspain.C.Enoughfood.D.Gentlelove.29.Asforthesituationofthefarmedfish,thefoundationis______.A.concernedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.What’sthepurposeofthisarticle?A.Toencouragepeopletotreatfishkindly.B.Torevealtheevidenceofabusesoffish.C.Toappealfortheimprovementoffishwelfare.D.Toexplainhowfishexperiencepainduringslaughter.【28~30题答案】【答案】28.B29.A30.CD“After30yearsofreadingcardiograms(心电图),Icannevertellwhetherit’sfromamanorwoman,ortheageoftheperson,”saidEricTopol,acardiologistfromScrippsResearchinLaJolla,California.“Amachinecandetectifapersonhasanaemia(贫血)orotherdifficultdiagnoses(诊断).”Topolisexcitednotonlyabouthowmachinesarealreadybetterthanexpertsatspottingproblems,buthowtheycandiscoverpatternsthatexpertswouldn’tevennotice.“InJapan,doctorsareusingmachinevisiontopickuppolyps(息肉)inrealtime,anddetectingwhetherornottheycouldbecancerousandwhethertheyshouldhaveabiopsy,”hesaid.“Machineswillnotreplacephysicians—butphysiciansmakinguseofAIwillsoonreplacethosenotusingit.”Still,theseareearlydaysfortheapplicationofAIinhealthcare.PearseKeane,aconsultantdoctoratMoorreldsEyeHospital,hasbeenleadingacollaborationbetweenMoorfieldsandGoogle’sDeepMindHealth.In2018,hefamouslypublishedaproof-of-conceptpaperinNatureshowingtheerstsuccessfulAIdiagnosisforeyedisease.“Thealgorithmthatwe’vedevelopedisn’tinclinicaluseattheminute,sowe’retryingtoimplementthisnow,”Keanesaid.KeanementionedtheINSIGHTstudy,whichislookingintoeyediseaseanditslinktootherconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病).“Weareusingtheeyeasawindowtotherestofthebody.With deeplearning,wecannowlookataretinal(视网膜）photographandsay:‘Thisisawoman,she’s58yearsold,she’snotasmokeroradiabetic,herBMIisaround25,andherbloodpressureisaround150over85’.Now,tome,that’sstaggering.”Keanesaid.TheINSIGHTstudyisanalysingmorethanthreemillionOCTscansfromaround300,000patients.“Wenowknow,foreverypersonhavinghadaretinalscanhere,who’sgoneontodevelopaheartattackordiabetes,”hesaid.“Thereasonwhywe’reexcitedisthatwethinkthatifwecangettheappropriatedatasetsandlearnthemdeeply,wecanfindmuchmoreinthebackoftheeyeaboutthehealthoftherestofthebody.”“TheapplicationofAIforhealthcareandmedicineisaboutprecisionandaccuracy,butthat’snotall,”saidTopol.ThemostimportantaspectishowAIcanpromoteastrongerhumanconnectionbetweendoctorandpatient.“Weseepatientsinsingledigitnumbersofminutes.Andthat’snotenough,youneedthegiftoftime,whichAIcangiveback,”hesaid.“Nextyearthiswillbethestandard,”hebelieves.“Ratherthandoctorsbeingdataclerks,theywillbemakingeyecontactwithpatients.There’snoalgorithmforempathy.That’sahumancharacteristicthatwehavetodevelopandgetbackinthewayitusedtobe.”31.AccordingtoTopol,machinesinhealthcare______.A.canpickuppolypsB.willreplacedoctorsC.arealreadybetterthanexpertsD.candiscoverifapatienthasdiseases32.Inparagraph4,Keanementionedaretinalphotographofapatientmainlyto______.A.evaluatetheeffectsofAIinhealthcareB.introduceapatient’spersonalinformationC.explainhowdeeplearningdetectsdiseasesD.showthepresentoutcomeofAI’sapplication33.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.AIhasbeenthestandardofsomeadvancedhospitals.B.AIcanimprovetherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.C.Withdeeplearning,theresearcherscanfindthesecretsoftheeye.D.Doctorswillspendmoretimeonface-to-facecommunicationwithpatients. 34.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheAI’sapplicationondiagnosis.B.SuccessfulAIdiagnosisforeyedisease.C.Thegreatclinicalprogressindeeplearning.D.TheimpactofAIonpromotinghumanconnection.【31~34题答案】【答案】31.D32.D33.D34.A第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Stareatablankwallinanyroom,andyouareunlikelytolearnmuchmorethanthepaintcolor.Butanewtechnologycaninconspicuouslyscanthesamesurfaceforshadowsandreflections.____35____Buttheycanbegotbyonetoolandanalyzedtodeterminedetailsincludinghowmanypeopleareintheroom—andwhattheyaredoing.Thistoolcouldgatherinformationfromapartialviewofaspace.Itcanspyonactivityfromaroundacorner.____36____Aspeoplemovearoundaroom,theirbodiesblockaportionofanyavailablelighttocreatedelicateandindistinct“softshadows”onwalls.____37____Butthesefaint(微弱的)signalsareusuallydrownedoutbythemainsourceofenvironmentlight.“Ifweneglectwhateverweareobserving,youwouldjustbeleftwithcameranoise—andsignal,”saysPrafullSharma,agraduatestudentattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Sharmaandotherresearchersdidtheexperimentbyfilmingawallinaroomasitsoccupantsmovedaroundandaveragingtheframesovertime.____38____Thentheteamfedthevideosintoamachine-learningmodeltoteachitwhichsoftshadowpatternsindicatedwhichbehavior.Theresultingsystemcanautomaticallyanalyzefootageofablankwallinanyroominrealtime,determiningthenumberofpeopleandtheiractions.____39____Itcanregisteronlygroupsizesandactivitiesforwhichithasbeentrained,anditrequiresahigh-resolutioncamera;astandarddigitalcameracreatestoomuchbackgroundnoise,andsmartphonecameraresultsareevenworse.A.Thetechnologyisthoughtadvanced. B.Thesecan’tbecaughtbythehumaneye.C.Theyrecordedvariousactivitiesofthepeopleintheroom.D.Brightlycoloredclothingcanevencastalightreflectedglow.E.Italsocanmonitorsomeonewhoavoidsacamera’slineofsight.FThesystemisconsideredauniqueandwonderfuldiscoverybycameraspecialists.G.Althoughthissystemcanfunctioninanyroom,itperformspoorlyindimlighting.【35~39题答案】【答案】35.B36.E37.D38.C39.G第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。TipsforDealingwithSeasonalAffectiveDisorderSeasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD)isatypeofdepressionthatsetsinorstartsinthewintermonths.Unlikeothertypesofdepression,itmayimproveasspringcomeson.Itisoftenaperiodicrecurringdisorder—you’llfeeldepressedeverywinterandbegintofeelbettereachspring.SADdepressioniscausedbyloweredlevelsofserotonin,themood-affectingbrainchemicalthatiscausedbyseasonalchangesindaylight.Shorterdaysmayalsodisruptthebody’sbiologicalclock,whichupsetsthebalanceofmelatonin,thehormonewhichregulatesmoodandsleeppatterns.Seasonalaffectivedisorderisfarmorecommoninnorthernclimates,wheredayscanbeveryshortinwinter.SADaffectsmorewomenthanmenandismorelikelytooccurinpeopleunderage40thanthoseolderthanthat.Althoughanyamountofoutdoorlightcanhelpraiseserotoninlevels,gettinglightinthemorningseemstoofferthemostbenefit.Iftheweatherpermits,takeawalk.Inyourhomeoroffice,trysittingclosetoawindowthatfacessouth.Replacinglightbulbsinyourhomewithfullspectrumlightbulbscanhelpbecausetheygiveoutlightsimilartosunlight.StudieshaveshownthatincreasingyourexerciseroutinecancounteractSAD.Exerciseraiseslevelsofserotonin.Moderateexercise,whichmeansneithertoomuchnortoolittleexercise,suchaswalking,ridingastationarybikeorswimmingisagreatwaytogetstarted.Butanyactivitiesthatraiseyourheartrate,includingdailychores,canhelp,especiallyifyoucandothemoutdoorsorneara sunnywindow.Yoga,joggingandTaichicanallhelpliftyourmood.Year-endpanicreferstotheself-blameandoverallfeelingofpanicbroughtaboutbytheapproachoftheyear’send,oftenduetoapoorfinancialyearandpressurefromworkandfamily.Psychologicalexpertssuggestthatweshouldavoidpeercompetition.Whileregrettingforthefailedplansinthepastyear,youcanstillmakeresolutiontodoitbetterinthecomingyear.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatisSAD?41.WhoaremorelikelytosufferfromSAD?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.IncreasingexerciseroutinecanfightagainstSADandpeopleshoulddoalargeamountofexercisetogetstarted.43.Seasonsbringnotonlydepressionbutalsohappiness.Whichseasoncancheeryouup?Andwhy?(Inabout40words)【40~43题答案】【答案】40.ItisSeasonalaffectivedisorder/Itisatypeofdepressionthatsetsinorstartsinthewintermonths./Itisatypeofdepressionthatsetsinorstartsinthewintermonths,andmayimproveasspringcomeson.41.Womenandpeopleunderage40./SADaffectsmorewomenthanmenandismorelikelytooccurinpeopleunderage40thanthoseolderthanthat./Peoplewithloweredlevelsofserotonin.42.IncreasingexerciseroutinecanfightagainstSAD,andpeopleshoulddoalargeamountofexercisetogetstarted.Accordingtothepassage,moderateexerciseisagreatwaytogetstarted.Butpeopleshouldn’tdotoomuchexerciseinthebeginning.43.Springcancheermeupbecauseit’sneithertoocoldnortoohot.First,springcanrelievethebleakfeelingofwinter.Besides,springgivespeopleahopefulsenseofrecovery.Finally,Therearemanyflowersthatbloominspring,whichareverybeautiful.第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将举办科技节。请给你的英国朋友Jim写一封邮件，向他介绍活动情况，内容包括：1.介绍科技节的相关信息（时间，活动内容等）；2.邀请对方来参加。 注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。【44题答案】【答案】DearJim,Howiseverythinggoing?I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoattendtheScienceandTechnologyFestivalatourschoolwithme.ItwillbeheldintheschoolhallnextSundaymorning.Theopeningceremonystartsat9:00a.m.,andtheschoolmasterwilldeliveraspeech.Thenafamousscientistwillgivealectureonscience.Afterthat,participantscanenjoytheexhibitionaboutthedevelopmentofhigh-technologyandtrytododifferentexperimentsinperson.Ithinkit’sagoodchanceforustobroadenourvisionandhavehands-onexperiences.Mostimportantly,Iknowyou’reverykeenonscienceandcuriousabouttheworld.I’msureit’llbeafantasticexperience.AndIreallyhopeyoucancome.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearliestreply.Yours,LiHua