北京市东城区2022届高三英语二模试题（Word版附解析）

北京市东城区2021—2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二）英语2022.5第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onlinegamersconstantlymakelifeanddeathdecisionsattheirkeyboards-butit'sjustagame.ATexasgamerwasfacedwithareal-lifesituationandhelped1thelifeofafellowplayer—5,000milesaway.Aidan,inEngland,wasplayinganonlinegameinhisbedroomwhenhehadaseizure.Hisplayingpartner,Dia,inTexas,justputherheadsetonandheardwhatshecouldonlydescribeasaseizure,soshestartedtoget2andaskedwhatwasgoingonandifhewasOK.Whenhedidn'trespond,she3startedtolookuptheemergencynumberintheUK.Whenthatdidn'twork,shejusthadtohopethenon-emergencynumberwouldwork.Ithadan4fortalkingtoarealperson.Someoneansweredthecallandshehadtoforceherselfnotto5andtostaycalm.“Hi.I'm6intheUSandinacallwithmyfriend."Diatoldtheoperator."Hehadaseizureandhe'snotrespondinganymore.Idohavehis7.Noone'shomewithhimrightnow,soI'mjusttryingtogethimsomehelp."Actually,Aidan'sparentswerewatchingtelevisiondownstairsanddidnot8theirsonwasindangeruntilthreepoliceofficersknockedattheirdoor."WeareextremelythankfulforwhatDiadidand9thatwecouldbedownstairsandnotknowanythingwashappening,"Aidan'smothersaid."Diahadouraddressbutdidn'thaveanycontactnumbers,soitwasamazingthatshe10togethelpfromsofaraway.I'vespokentoherandexpressedourthanks-she'sgladshecouldhelp."1.A.spareB.enrichC.devoteD.save2.A.threatenedB.trappedC.concernedD.annoyed3.A.eventuallyB.instantlyC.suddenlyD.especially4.A.optionB.orderC.arrangementD.action5.A.explodeB.complainC.panicD.quit6.A.accidentallyB.currentlyC.obviouslyD.frequently7.A.ageB.nameC.numberD.address8.A.decideB.explainC.realizeD.judge9.A.relievedB.shockedC.puzzledD.bored\n10.A.managedB.learnedC.HopedD.promised第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AThekoalaisasymbolofAustralia.Recently,theAustraliangovernmenthaslisteditasan11(endanger)species.Thisisbecauseofafallinitsnumber.causedbybushfiresandthecuttingdownoftrees.Thereareabout50,000koalasinthewildnow.Thegovernment12(give)koalasgreaterprotectioninthefuture,andarecoveryplan13(announce)already.BCyclo-crossisatoughbutfunsport14ridersracelapsaroundanoff-roadcircuitsuchasaparkorfield.Theyrideupanddownhills,throughtwistsandturnsandsometimesoverlowbarriersorsteps.Attimes,theymaydecidetogetofftheirbikeandrunthroughthemudwhilepushingtheirbikeorcarryingit15theirshoulder.Racesusuallytakeplaceinautumnandwinterwhenthegroundconditionsandweathermakeiteven16(tough).CAlthoughhandwritingisanimportantpartofthecoursesintheUK,someteachersthink17(type)isnowmoreimportant.InDecember2021,oneheadteachersuggestedthatA-levelexamsshouldbetypedinsteadofwrittenbyhand.Thiswaspartlybecausestudentslearning18(remote)haveusedkeyboards,notpens,butalsobecausetextmessagesarenowmorecommonthanhandwritten19(note).However,itremainsuncertain20thissuggestionwillbeadopted.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AApoetrycompetitionhasbeenlaunchedforpupils.Itinvitesyoungpeopletoreflectonthe“manywaysweareconnectedtotheuniverse".Thecompetitionisaimedatpupilsaged4to18andispartofanationalcelebrationofcreativitytakingplaceacrosstheUKthroughout2023.Thewinningentrieswillbefeaturedinamultimedialiveprojectionshow,whichwillvisitmultiplelocationsaroundtheUKfromMarchtoMay2023.Thisoutdoorshowwillincludesubmissionsfromthecompetitionand\nrunforaweekineachlocation.Winnerswillalsoreceivearangeofotherprizes,includingbooksandchocolate,pluscontinueddevelopmentandcoachingopportunitiesfromthePoetrySociety.Therulesareasfollows:·Thecompetitionisfreetoenter.EntrieswillbeacceptedfromanywhereintheUK.EntriesfromoutsidetheUKarenotaccepted.Ifyouareaged4-12,yourparentwillneedtogivepermissionforyoutoenter.·Yourentrymustbetheoriginalworkofthecreator.Yourworkisacceptedonthebasisthatthiswillbeitsfirstappearanceanywhereintheworld.·PoemsmustbewritteninEnglishorWelsh,butyoucanincludephrasesinyourmothertongueoranotherlanguage.Poemsmustnotbelongerthan20lines.Youarefreetowriteinanystyleorform.·YoumayentereitheronlineviathewebsiteorbyposttothePoetrySociety,22BettertonStreet.London.Allonlineentriesmustbereceivedby23:59GMTon19December2022.Allpoemsenteredbypostmustbepost-datedonorbefore19December2022.Ifyouwouldliketoenteronline,pleasecontinuethroughtheonlinesystemonthiswebsite.EmailAboutUspoetrysociety.orgifyouarehavingproblemswithyoursubmission.21.Whatisthethemeofthecompetition?A.Nationalcelebration.B.Reflectiononcreativity.C.Youngpeople'stalents.D.Connectivitytotheuniverse.22.Whatwillbeawardedtothewinners?A.AfreetouraroundtheUK.B.MembershipofthePoetrySociety.C.Books,chocolateandprizemoney.D.Achancetopresenttheirworksinashow.23.Accordingtotherules,participants.A.cansubmitentriesbyemailB.mustwritewithinthelinelimitC,mayentertheirpublishedpoemsD.shouldaskparentsforpermissionBAmericanJakePinnickcomesfromasmalltowncalledKewanee.PinnicksaidwhenhetoldfriendsandfamilyhewantedtogototheWudangKungfuAcademyinChina,theresponsewastypical."It'snotausualthingtosay,butitisprettynormalforkidstowanttogetoutofaplacelikeKewanee.MostkidssaysomethingliketheywanttomovetoHollywoodandbecomeanactor,"saidthe30-year-old.“WhenIfirstthoughtaboutit,itwasdaydreamingformyself,too.”\nOncehefoundhimselfattheacademy,Pinnicksaidfittinginwassoftenedbyotherforeignerswhowereintheareaandapartoftheschool.Gettingusedtothewayoflifewassurprisinglyeasygiventhepeacefulnaturetoit.Pinnicksaidafterawhile,hefoundhimselfmoreathomeinWudangthanheeverfeltbackhomeinKewanee.Localsweremorethanwelcomingandwillingtoengage."Thecultureshockwasn'tthatbad.Surprisingly,IfindIhavemoreofthatgoingbacktoAmericanow...learningthelanguagedidtakesometime,buteveryonearoundtheschoolwasfamiliarwithforeigners,sowehadalotoffunspeakingbrokenEnglishandChinesebackandforthatthestart.”Afterhesettledintoaroutine,PinnicksetaboutengaginghimselfinChineseculture,includingKungfutraining.Hewasalsoattractedbythephilosophicaltraditionmostwell-knownfortheideaoflivinginharmonywiththeuniverse.PinnicksaidhehadtogohomeafterthefirstsixmonthsandimmediatelywantedtoreturntoChina,feelingasifithadnowbecomehishomemorethanAmerica,andhehadbegunaprocessofrewritinghimselfasapersonoverseas.Hislifenowgoesaroundtraining,teachingandstudying.Hegraduatedfromtheacademyin2014andstillhelpsteachthere.PinnicksaidthegoalistoonedayreturntoAmericaandteachwhathehaslearned.Lookingbackonhisamazingjourney,Pinnicksaidhehasgrownbyleapsandboundsfromasmall-townAmericankidwhohadadaydreamhecouldnotshake.24.WhatdidPinnick'sfamilythinkofhisideaoflearningKungfu?A.Unrealistic.B.Creative.C.Challenging.D.Disappointing.25.WhatmainlyhelpedPinnickgetusedtothelifeinChina?A.HisfluentChinese.B.Thefriendlylocalculture.C.Hispeacefulnature.D.Otherforeignteachersthere.26.WhatdidPinnickgainfromhisexperienceinChina?A.Acareerchoice.B.Alargefortune.C.AKungfucertificate.D.Agoodreputation.CWe'veallfeltthetaptothesoulyougetfromdrivingbyyouroldhighschoolorhearingatuneyouoncedancedto.Butwhyisthatfeelingsouniversal?Nostalgia,acombinationoftheGreekwordsnostos(homecoming)andalgos(pain),wasaspecialtypeofhomesicknessassociatedwithsoldiersfightingfar-offwars.Seventeenth-century\nphysiciansworriedsuchthoughtsputhealthatrisk.Inthe19thcentury,doctorsbelieveditcouldcauseirregularheartbeat,fever,anddeath.Ourunderstandingofnostalgiahasdevelopedsincethen.“It'saverymixedemotion,"saysFrederickBarrett,aneuroscientist.Thatmakesithardtofitintoexistingtheory,whichtypicallycategorizesemotionsaseitherpositiveornegative.Andtriggers-thecars,musicorsmells-areextremelypersonal.Therefore.designingastandardizedstudyisdifficult.Butwedoknownostalgiahasamarkedeffectonus:brainimagingstudiesshowthatthoseexperienceshavetheirownneuralsignature.Neuroscientistsarguedthattheemotionisco-producedbythebrain'srecallandrewardsystems.Theyfoundthatnostalgicimagesusethememory-managinghippocampus（海马区）morethanothersights，aspeoplemineautobiographical（个人经历的）detailsdeepinthepast.Thismentaleffortpaysoff:asthehippocampusactivates,sodoesoneofthebrain'srewardcenters.Thatlongingforthepastmightbeaprotectivemechanism,saysTimWildschut,aprofessor.Hisworkalsosuggestsamoreprimitivepurposeforthefeeling:itdevelopedtoremindourancientancestorsofpleasantphysicalfeelingsduringperiodsofdiscomfortandpain.Recentresearchsuggeststheoccasionallookbackwardscangiveusaboostinunnoticeableways:byincreasingself-respectandprotectingagainstdepression.Nostalgia'sapparentpowertojump-startone'smemoryalsoseemstoimproverecallabilityinpeoplewithAlzheimer'sdisease.Newflavorsof"reminiscencetherapy”（回忆疗法）areemergingaroundtheworld.In2018,theGeorgeG.GlennerAlzheimer'sFamilyCentersopeneditsfirstTownSquare,anadultdaycarefacilitydesignedtolooklikeasmalltownin1950sAmerica.ThoughTownSquarehasyettopublishpeer-revieweddataonthesuccessoftheprogram,clientssayithashelpedseniorsaccessdustymemoriesandreconnectwithlovedones.Scientistsneedalotmoreinformationtoadequatelycharacterizethiscomplexandbittersweetfeeling.Butwhilecenturiesofdoctorsconsiderednostalgiaadeadlydisease,wenowknow:itcanhelpusmakeitthroughtoday.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutnostalgia?A.ItwasfirstdiscoveredinGreece.B.It'smorecommonamongsoldiers.C.It'ssetoffbypersonalexperiences.D.Itwasawell-definedscientificidea.28.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Hownostalgiaworks.B.Whynostalgiamatters.C.Whatnostalgiameans.D.Whennostalgiaemerges.29.Howmightnostalgiabenefitpeople?\nA.Itmakespeople'smindsharp.B.Itgivesseniorsasenseofsecurity.C.Ithelpsusfaceunpleasantsituations.D.Itimprovespeople'sinstantmemory.30,WhydoestheauthormentionTownSquare?A.Torevealaphenomenonofemotion.B.Tointerprettheconceptofatherapy.C.Toexploretheadvantageofatreatment.D.Todemonstratetheuseofaresearchfinding.DSearch"toxicparents",andyou'llfindmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswiththeirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone'smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.However,asapsychoanalyst,I'veseenthattrendinrecentyearsbecomeawaytomanageconflictsinthefamily,andIhaveseenthesevereimpactsestrangement(c)hasonbothsidesofthedivide.Thisisaself-helptrendthatcreatesmuchharm.ResearchbyKarlPillemer,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,indicatesthat1in4Americanadultshavebecomeestrangedfromtheirfamilies.Ibelievethat'sanundercount,becauseothershavestoppedshortofcompletelycuttingoffcontactbuthaveeffectivelybrokentheties."Canceling"yourparentcanbeseenasanextensionofaculturaltrendaimedatcorrectingimbalancesinpowerandsystemicinequality.Certainlythefamilyisonesysteminwhichpowerhasneverbeenbalanced.In1933,thepsychoanalystSándorFerencziwarnedthateventhesimpleindicationthatsomeonehasmorepowerthanwedocouldpotentiallybedamaging.Today'ssocialjusticevaluesrespondtothisreality,callingonustocriticizeoppressiveandharmfulfiguresandtogainpowerforthosewhohavebeenpowerless.Butwhenadultchildrenusethemosteffectivetooltheyhave-themselves-togainasenseofsecurityandbantheirparentsfromtheirlives,therolesaresimplyswitched,andthepainonlydeepens.Often,whatIseeinmypracticearecasesoffamilyconflictmismanaged,powerdynamicsturnedupsidedownratherthannegotiated.Iseetheterribleeffectofthattrend;situationswithnowinners,onlyisolated(m)humanswholongtobeknownandfeelsafeinthepresenceoftheother.Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenarenotsuddenlylessdependent,Infact,theyfeelabandonedandbetrayed,becauseintheunconscious,itdoesn'tmatterwhoisdoingtheleaving;thefeelingthatremainsis"beingleft".Theycarrytheghostsoftheirchildhood,tacklingtheemotionalrealitythatthosewhoraiseduscannevertrulybeleftbehind,nomatterhowhardwetry.WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.Howelsecanonelearnhowtonegotiateneeds,tocreateboundariesandtotrust?Howelsecanweloveothers,\nandourselves,ifnotthroughacceptingthelimitationsthatcomewithbeinghuman?Goodrelationshipsaretheresultnotofaperfectlevelofharmonybutratherofsuccessfuladjustments.Topursuedialogueinsteadofestrangementwillbehardandpainfulwork.Itcan'tbeasingleprojectof“self-help",becauseattheendoftheday,realintimacy(亲密关系)isachievedbyworkingthroughtheinjuriesofthepasttogether.Inmostcasesoffamilyconflict,repairispossibleandpreferabletoestrangement-andit'sworththework.31.Whydoyoungpeoplecuttieswiththefamily?A.Togainanindependentlife.B.Torestoreharmonyinthefamily.C.Toprotecttheirpsychologicalwell-being.D.Tofollowatendencytowardssocialjustice.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"catch"inParagraph6mean?A.Response.B.Problem.C.Operation.D.Emphasis.33.Tomanagefamilyconflict,theauthoragreesthatyoungadultsshouldA.breakdownboundariesB.gainpowerwithinthefamilyC.liveuptotheirparents'expectationsD.acceptimperfectionoffamilymembers34.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toadvocateaself-helptrend.B.Tojustifyacommonsocialvalue.C.Toargueagainstacurrentpractice.D.Todiscussameansofcommunication.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Picturethis:you'vejustsettledintoyourworkdayandpulledupthatbigreportyouneedtofinish,whenafriendsendsyouacoupleofcelebrityvideosonWeChat.35Andthenthenextthingyouknow,anhourhasgonebywhilethatbigreportsits,ignored,onyourdesk.Sohowdoesthathappen?Tounderstandthis,weconductedaseriesofstudieswith6,445people.Throughthisresearch,weidentifiedthreefactors:theamountofmediathepersonhasalreadyviewed,thesimilarityofthemediathey'veviewed,andthemannerinwhichtheyviewedthemedia.Wefoundtheorderandtypesofcontentweconsumecanaffectourdecisiontokeepconsumingsimilarcontent.Butwhatdrivesthiseffect?36Whensomethingfeelsmoreaccessible,itbecomeseasiertoprocess,leadingustoenjoyitmore.Theseresultsalsoexplainwhyit'ssoeasytogetdistractedbyappsonsocialmediaatwork.37Theyofferbite-sizedcontentthatmakesiteasytoquicklyconsumeseveralvideosinarow.Theyoftenautomaticallysuggestsimilarcontent,andmanyofthemevenautomaticallystartplayingsimilarvideos,reducingthepotentialfor\ninterruptions.38Tofightthepull,makeanefforttojustwatchonevideo.Ifyoureallywanttowatchmultipleinarow,choosevideosthatseemunrelated.Youcanalsouseasocialmediatimerthaturgesyoutotakeabreakafteracertainamountoftime,orevenjustconsciouslyremindyourselftoconsumedifferentkindsofcontent.So,ifyou'restrugglingtoclimboutofarabbithole,trytofindwaystoreducethesimilarity,repetitiveness,andrelatednessofthecontentyou'reconsuming.39Onceyoumanagetobreakfree,you'llbebackatthatbigreportinnotime.A.Itcanbedifficult,butit'snotimpossible.B.Youfigureyou'lljusttakeafewminutestowatchthem.C.Accessibilityreferstohowfamiliaragivenkindofcontentfeels.D.Theseplatformsaredesignedtotrapviewersinasocialmediarabbithole.E.Priorresearchsuggeststhatthethreefactorsallincreasetheaccessibilityofsimilarmedia.F.Thegoodnewsis,abetterunderstandingoftheproblemcangiveusthetoolstoescapeit.G.Thiswillbecomeaproblemifitkeepsyoufromdoingthethingsyouactuallywanttobedoing.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Mathcausesanxietyinkids,whichcanlastfarintoadulthood.Thisisworsenedbythepressureofknowingthatmathisthegatekeepertoscienceandtechnologythatdrivemuchofoursociety.Ironically,thiswell-knownfeatureofmathematicsisitsgreatestweakness.Whenourkidsaskwhytheyneedtoknowalgebra(),wepromisethemthatitwillbeuseful.Dowelistentojazzbecauseitisuseful?Humanslikethepractical,butwealsoknowthatthereismuchmoretolife.AsAristotlesaid,knowledgebeginswithwonder,butwhatwonderisthereinalgebraorcalculus?Asitturnsout,notmuch.Yettheyformthecornerstoneoftoday'smatheducation.Nowondermathcreatesboredom.Happily,unlockingthepleasureofmathissimple:Dowhatmathematiciansdoandseekoutunexplored,unknown,undiscoveredmath.Regrettably,themathematicaljourneyisimaginedasaterrifyingmountain:Thewidebaseisarithmetic,accessibletoeveryone.Climbinghigherbringsustoalgebra,geometry,andeventuallycalculusandbeyond.Webelievethatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted.Inreality,mathisaliveandstilladvancing,andmostofitremainsavastandunchartedcountryside.Freshideasareconstantlybeingdiscovered,openingupnewandfascinatingpuzzles.Thesepuzzlesallowustoplayattheveryedgeofthemathematicalunknown,andmanyofthemareaccessibleforourstudents.Here'sone:Caneveryevennumberbewrittenasasumoftwoprimenumbers?Evennumberssuchas8and30\ncanbewrittenas3+5and7+23.Butcanthisbedoneforeveryevennumber?Nooneknows.Asourkidstrytosolvethiskindofproblems,adeeplyencouragingtruthwillappearintheirotherwiseanxioushearts:It'sOKtostrugglewithmathsinceeveryonestruggleswithmath.Theseunsolvedpuzzlesarethegreatequalizers,helpingusrealizethatweareonthesamelevelasthegreatestofmathematicians,allofusstaringovertheunknownabyss(深渊)，lookingforawaydownintothemystery..40.Whatisthewell-knownfeatureofmathematics?41.Whydoesmathcauseboredom?42.Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorbelievesmathisaccessibleforstudentsbutthatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted.43.Whatelsedoyouthinkcanmakemathfun?(Inabout40words)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校高三年级将举行纪念高中毕业的植树活动。请给你校外籍教师Jm写邮件，内容包括：1,介绍活动：2.发出邀请。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)\n\n