江苏省南通市部分学校2022届高三5月高考模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（5月模拟）英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WherewillthewomangothisSunday?A.Toarestaurant.B.Toalibrary.C.Toasupermarket.2.Howmuchdidtheman’sfootballshoescost?A.£10.B.£20.C.£35.3.Howwillthewomangodowntown?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Bycar.4.Whatsportdidthemanstop?A.Swimming.B.Basketball.C.Tennis.5.Whereistheman’smobilephone?A.Onthesofa.B.Onthedesk.C.Onthebed.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5,秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheman’sbosslike?A.He’screative.B.He’seasygoing.C.He’sperfect.7.WhydoesthewomanchoosetostayattheMagicPan?A.Shecanlearnmuchthere.B.Sheenjoysthefoodtheyserve.C.Shelikestheatmosphereinthekitchen.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Disappointing.B.Moving.C.Interesting.9.Whatwillthespeakersdofirstafterleavingthecinema?A.Takeawalkinapark.B.Headtoarestaurant.C.Returntotheoffice.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Cold.B.Comfortable.C.Relaxed.11.Whydidn’tthemanputonasweater?A.Hefeltwarmenough.B.Heforgottotakeone.C.Hewasafraidtobreaktherules.12.Whatwillthemandoduringthelunchbreak?A.Checkthelostandfound.B.Practicetyping.C.Goshopping.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whenwillthewomancheckin?A.OnJune17th.B.OnJune18th.C.OnJune19th.14.Whatkindofroomdoesthewomanlike?A.Onewithaviewofariver.B.Onewithaviewofapark.C.Onewithaviewofahill.15.Howcanthewomangetbreakfastservedinherroom?A.Bysendingane-mail.B.Bytakingaregistrationcard.C.Byhangingaformonthedoor.16.Whyisitinconvenienttosende-mailsinbedrooms?A.Netserviceisnotprovided.,B.Thewirelesssignalisweak.C.Computersarenotavailable.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatintereststhevisitorsmost?A.Thecoins.B.Thesculpture.C.Thepaintings.18.Whenwasthemuseumopened?A.Inthe19thcentury.B.Inthe20thcentury.C.Inthe21stcentury.19.Whodonatedmostofthecoinstothemuseum?A.Thefarmers.B.Thefounder.C.Theartists.20.Whycan’tthecollectionofclayandglassbechanged?A.Ithasbeenperfectinitself.B.Itisagainstthefounder’swill.C.Itdoesn’tbelongtothemuseum.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInAfrica,thehoneyguidebirdscanrespondtohumancallstoleadpeopletohoney—whatscientistsdescribeasamutualisticinteraction,oronethatbenefitsbothcreatures.Thebirdstweetandflyfromtreetotreetoguidehoneyseekerstohiddenbeenests,typicallyinsidetrees.Then,humansopenthetreestofindhoney,andthebirdscandineonbeeswax,theirfavoritefood.Dogshaveanexcellentsenseofsmell,whichiswhythefolksatPennVetWorkingDogCenteraretrainingdogstoidentifythesmellofcancerusingtissueandbloodsamplesfrompeoplewhosuffer.Thescientistshopetodevelopawayfordogstoscreensamplesfirst,thenperformfollow-uptestingonthesamplesthedogsflagged—asystemforspottingcancerinitsearlystages.Havingasnakewrappedaroundyourneckisn’tnecessarilywhatyouusuallyexpect.ButMonty,a13-year-oldsnakehasbeenhelpingcustomersrelaxwithneckmassages(按摩).It’sunlikelyhewastrainedtodothejobandisjustpulsatinglikeanyothersnakewouldwhenaroundaperson’sneck.Regardless,thisspecialsnakebooksoutafewweeksinadvance.,TheGuideHorseFoundationhasbeentrainingminiaturehorses(thosestanding34inchesorless)asassistanceanimalsforthevisuallydamagedsince1999.Miniaturehorsesareidealserviceanimalsforpeoplewhofeeluncomfortablewithdogsorwhowantaguideanimalwithalongerlifespan.Thehorsestypicallylivefrom30to40years.1.Accordingtothetext,whichanimalcanhelpyourelax?A.Asnake.B.Adog.C.Ahoneyguidebird.D.Aminiaturehorse.2.Miniaturehorsescouldserve_________.A.blindpeoplewhodislikedogsB.blindpeoplewhocanlivelongerC.animalloverswhosearchforhoneyD.animalloverswhosufferfromcancer3.Thetextisaboutanimals’_________.A.specialtrainingB.greatpotentialsC.uniquejobsD.highintelligence【答案】1.A2.A3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种动物的独特职业。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第三段中“ButMonty,a13-year-oldsnakehasbeenhelpingcustomersrelaxwithneckmassages(按摩).”可知，13岁的蛇Monty通过颈部按摩帮助客人放松。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据表格最后一段中“Miniaturehorsesareidealserviceanimalsforpeoplewhofeeluncomfortablewithdogsorwhowantaguideanimalwithalongerlifespan.”可知，对于那些感觉与狗相处得不舒服与或者想要一个较长寿命的向导动物的人来说，小型马是理想的服务动物。由此可知，小型马可以为不喜欢狗的盲人服务。故选A项。【3题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文，文章介绍了四种动物的独特职业。故选C项。BWiththeworld’sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributiontotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接种)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu’swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80years,laterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkeyin1717.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus(脓)fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople’swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,MontagutookstepstoensurethathersonwasinoculatedinTurkey.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors’professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Churchmenalsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.Aboutsoyearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.4.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B.Montagu’sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C.Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D.Turkishwomen’sinventionofinoculation.5MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________.A.itwasagainsthumannatureB.itmightharmdoctors’interestsC.itwasbeyonddoctors’abilitiesD.itmightshakechurchmen’sbelief6.WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?A.Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B.Aphysician’sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C.TheresultofMontagu’sdaughter’sinoculation.D.Montagu’sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.7.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetest?A.AnunsungheroB.NolimittocreationC.DevelopmentofvaccinesD.Ahistoricmedicalinnovation【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.A,【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了早期疫苗引入的历史。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkeyin1717.(1717年，蒙塔古第一次目睹了疫苗接种，当时她陪丈夫去了土耳其)”可知，第二段说的是她在土耳其第一次看到了有人接种的行为，也就是第一次接触到这种情况。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors’professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.(由无执照的业余医师进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位，并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入)”可知，Montagu发现在英国接种疫苗很困难，因为它可能会损害医生的利益。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.(最终，在1721年4月，她决定使用土耳其的方法让她的女儿接种疫苗，因为她相信回报会大于风险。在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu允许医生为她的女儿进行检查)”可知，Montagu的女儿接种的结果使英国的医生们接受了接种。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。这篇文章围绕的是M这个人将接种疫苗引进当地的过程，期间还将女儿作为实验对象，由此可见，她对医学事业的奉献精神。B谈创造，偏离主题；C讲疫苗本身的发展，不全面；D讲历史性的医学创新，不符合主旨。故选A。CThefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,werememberthembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnotsuchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfordifferentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.Normalbabiesarebornwithanaturalabilitytorecognizefaces.Infact,theirfacerecognitionabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheirparents.Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.Butbyninemonths,theylosethisskill,Byninemonths,ababy’sface-recognitionskillsareaboutthesameasanadult’s.Unfortunately,somepeoplearenotbornwiththisabilitytorecognizefaces.Thepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitiondoesn’tworkforthem.Thisconditioniscalledfaceblindness.Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,soforasecondtheyarestartledwhentheyseethisunfamiliarface.Faceblindnessisnotalwayssevere.Scientistsbelieveupto10percentofthepopulationmaybeaffectedbyfaceblindnesstosomedegree,yetmanypeoplewithmildfaceblindnessmightnotevenknowtheyhaveit.Theyhavenoreasontoknowtheyaredifferentfromanyoneelseuntilsomeonepointsitout.Thisissimilartopeoplewithcolorblindness.Colorblindpeoplecan’tseethedifferencebetweencertaincolorssuchasredandgreen,untilsomeonetellsthemthatgreenandredaretwodifferentcolors.Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.8.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout____________.A.thewaytoimproveone’sface-recognitionskillsB.thefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblemsC.thesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers’facesD.theimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication9.Whendopeoplehavethekeenskillsofface-recognition?A.Atbirth.B.Inadolescence.C.Halfayearold.D.Ninemonthsold.10.Theboldword“startled”inthe3rdparagraphisclosesinmeaningto_______________.A.confusedB.surprisedC.excitedD.depressed11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemoffaceblindness?A.Peopleneedtotakeitseriously.B.Itaffectsagreatnumberofpeople.C.Itcanbecuredinthenearfuture.D.Certaintechniquescanmakeupforit.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了面部识别方面的有关知识以及有些人存在面部识别的问题。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选B项。,【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.”（六个月大的婴儿面部识别能力很强。）可知人们在半周岁时具备敏锐的面部识别技能。故选C项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.”（严重的脸盲症患者甚至不能认出自己的脸。事实上，有这种情况的人有时候在照镜子的时候会感到惊恐）可知，一些脸盲症患者不认识自己的脸，照镜子都会害怕，再根据“Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,”（他们不认识自己的脸）可知，他们因为不认识自己的脸，所以看到一张陌生的面孔时会感到惊恐，startled应和frightened“受惊的”接近，选项中surprised与之词义最为接近。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.”（脸盲症没有治疗方法。所以目前来说。脸盲症患者需要找到简单的技术来弥补他们的问题。他们可以尝试通过发型、声音或眼镜来识别人。）可知，某些技术可以弥补脸盲症患者的问题。故选D项。DOver400humanfootprintspreservedinvolcanicsediment（沉淀物）provideasignatsociallifeamongancienthunter-gatherers.Theimpressions,foundinnorthernTanzania,adduptoAfrica'slargestcollectionofancienthumanfootprints,sayevolutionarybiologistKevinHatalaofChathamUniversityinPittsburghandcolleagues.Peoplewalkedacrossamuddylayerofvolcanicashesdatingtobetween19,100and5,760yearsago,theresearchersreportedonMay14inScientificReports.Datingofathinrocklayerthatpartlyoverlaps（重叠）thesedimentnarrowsthefootprints'agetoabout12,000to10,000yearsago.Hatala'steamanalyzedfootprintsizes,distancesbetweenprintsandwhichwayprintspointed.Onecollectionoftrackswasmadeby17peoplewalkingsouthwest.Comparisonswithmodemprintssuggestthatthisgroupconsistedoffourteenwomen,twomenandoneyoungboy.Thewomenmayhavebeensearchingforfoodswhileafewmalesvisitedoraccompaniedthem,theresearchersinfer.Somepresent-dayhunter-gatherersformlatelyfemalefood-gatheringgroups.Thestudyis"anicepieceofwork”,althoughit'shardtospecifywhatpeopleweredoing,saysgeologistMatthewBennettofBournemouthUniversityinPoole,England.Manymoresetsoffootprinttrackswouldbeneededtoargueconvincinglythathunter-gatherersatthattimehadfemalefood-gatheringgroups,Bennettsays.Anditwouldstillbeunknownifthewomenweregatheringplantsorhuntingprey.Otherfootprintsitespresent,especiallypromisingopportunitiesforstudyingancientbehavior,hesays.HeisinvolvedinworkinNewMexicothathasuncoveredtensofthousandsoffootprintsofhumansandothercreaturesfrommorethan10,000yearsago.Earlyresultssuggestthathumanstherehuntedgiantsloths（树獭）.BennettexpectsthoseprintswillyieldmoreinsightsintoStoneAgehunting.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impressions”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Thoughtsaboutpeopleorthings.B.Collectionsofvolcanicashes.C.Marksleftbycreaturesorsomething.D.Behaviorsofimitatingsomeone-13.Whatdothenewly-discoveredfootprintssuggest?A.Ancienthuntersweresociallyorganized.B.Ancientmalehunterswereadmiredbyfemales.C.Femalefood-gatheringgroupswereobviouslyformed.D.Malesplayedamoreimportantroleinfindingfoodthanfemales.14.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.ThefemalesgatheredplantsorhuntedpreyintheStoneAge.B.Thefootprinttrackshaveprovedfemalefood-gatheringgroupsexisted.C.ThefootprintsitesprovideagoodchancetofurtherstudyancientbehaviorD.ThefootprintswillhardlyinfluenceourunderstandingofStoneAgehunting.15.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.HowAncientHuntersGatheredFoodB.WhatAncientHunanFootprintsWereLikeC.WhatAncientHumanFootprintsTellUsD.HowAncientFood-GatheringGroupsCooperated【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了火山沉积物中保存的400多个人类脚印为古代狩猎采集者的社会生活提供了一个证明以及这些足迹背后暗含的许多古代人类社会行为的信息。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Over400humanfootprintspreservedinvolcanicsediment（沉淀物）provideasignatsociallifeamongancienthunter-gatherers.”意为“火山沉积物中保存的400多个人类脚印为古代狩猎采集者的社会生活提供了一个标志。”以及“Theimpressions,foundinnorthernTanzania,adduptoAfrica'slargestcollectionofancienthumanfootprints…”意为“这些在坦桑尼亚北部发现的印痕，丰富了非洲最大的古代人类脚印收藏。”可知，“impressions”在文中指人类或其他生物留下的脚印等痕迹。故选C项。【13题详解】,推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thewomenmayhavebeensearchingforfoodswhileafewmalesvisitedoraccompaniedthem,theresearchersinfer.”“研究人员推断，可能在这些女性寻找食物的同时，会有一些男性来拜访或陪伴她们。”可知，古代外出狩猎应该是经过一定计划和组织的。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Otherfootprintsitespresentespeciallypromisingopportunitiesforstudyingancientbehavior,hesays.”“他说，其他足迹遗址为研究古代行为提供了特别有前景的机会。”可知，这些足迹遗址为进一步研究古代行为提供了一个很好的机会。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章讲述的Hatala团队对坦桑尼亚北部发现的足迹背后隐藏的人类社会行为的分析研究成果，以及Bennett预计的这些足迹将对古代人类社会的行为研究提供更多的信息。可知，整个文章主要讲述了我们可以从古代人类脚印中获取一些相关的行为研究的信息。因此最适合的文章标题可为“古代人类的脚印告诉我们什么”。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouthinkyou’reapessimistandthere’snohopeofeverturningitaround,thenthinkagain!Accordingtomentalhealthexperts,itisactuallyverypossibletoturnintoaglass-half-fullkindofperson,andhere’swhatyoucandotoseethingsinabrighterlight.___16___Writingdownyourideasofanoptimistictomorrowwillmakeahugedifferencewhenitcomestoyouroverallattitudetolife.Youmayalsowanttoconsideraseriouschallengeyouhaveinliferightnow,andsimplysitbackandthinkaboutallofthepossiblepositiveoutcomes.Choosetobeoptimistic.Lifeisallaboutchoices.Youcanchoosetospendtheentiredayreadingorcleaning.Youcanmakethecallyou’vebeenthinkingaboutforawhileoryoucanputitoffforanotherday.What’smore,youcanalsochoosetobepositiveoryoucanchoosetosimplycarryonlivingasyouare.___17___Andthencarryonthatwayfortherestofyourlife.Extendpositivenesstoothers.Makingothersfeelgoodaboutthemselvescanhavelastingpositiveeffectsonyourownlife.Neverforgettoadmireyourfamily,friends,andcolleaguesforthegoodthingswhichtheyaredoingintheirlives,eveniftheydon’tdirectlyaffectyou.___18___Recognizeyournegativethoughtpatterns.It’sfinetoacknowledgethatbadthingsinlifemighthappenatanytime.___19___Yetbeingoverlynegativecanseriouslyruinyourchancesoffindinghappinessinhislife.Reframingyourawkwardlynegativethoughtsintomorerealisticpatternsmaybethekeytohelpingyoumaintainoptimism.Practicegratitude.Spendsometimethinkingaboutallofthethingsyouhavetobethankful,for.___20___Youcouldevenchoosetokeepdiarieswhereyoucanputdownanythingwhichmakesyousmile.Ifnothingelse,takeamomenteveryonceinawhiletostop,smileandbethankfulforthepositivethingsinlife.A.Imagineapositivefuture.B.Formthehabitofkeepingdiaries.C.Ofcourse,it’salsonecessarytopraiseyourself.D.Ignoringrealityisn’tthemosthelpfulmethodeither.E.Beingoptimisticstartswiththedecisiontobepositive.F.Itwilloftenprovideyouwithaninstantoptimismboost.G.Takeamomenttoworkouthowrealisticyourthoughtsreallyare.【答案】16.A17.E18.C19.D20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了几种帮持悲观态度的人们进行转变的几种办法。【16题详解】由上文“here’swhatyoucandotoseethingsinabrighterlight.”可知，下面要介绍培养积极乐观态度的几种方法。该小题应该选一个祈使句做小标题，也是本段首句兼主题句。下文“Writingdownyourideasofanoptimistictomorrowwillmakeahugedifferencewhenitcomestoyouroverallattitudetolife.”（把你关于一个乐观的明天的所有想法写下了），由此可知，尤其是“tomorrow”一词与“future”呼应，我们第一步要乐观地畅想美好未来。A项内容符合语境。故选A项。【17题详解】该空所在第三段小标题“Choosetobeoptimistic.”可知，乐观还是消极悲观是一种选择，我们一定要去选择积极乐观，选择了就做出了一个决定，E选项“Beingoptimisticstartswiththedecisiontobepositive.”乐观的生活态度开始于一个要做一个乐观的人的决心。空后下文“Andthencarryonthatwayfortherestofyourlife.”下定决心之后，就在今后去坚持。E选项内容符合语境，尤其“decision”和“choose”呼应。故选E项。18题详解】上文“Neverforgettoadmireyourfamily,friends,andcolleaguesforthegoodthingswhichtheyaredoingintheirlives,eveniftheydon’tdirectlyaffectyou.”可知，作者建议欣赏赞美身边家人，朋友，同事，营造积极乐观的大环境。C项“Ofcourse,it’salsonecessarytopraiseyourself”（当然了，赞美自己也是很必要的），很好地承接上文，尤其“also”。故选C项。【19题详解】上文“It’sfinetoacknowledgethatbadthingsinlifemighthappenatanytime.”承认生活中随时可能会发生不好的事情。接受这个现实是有好处的。D选项“Ignoringrealityisn’tthemost,helpfulmethod，either.”忽略现实不是最好的办法。符合语境。下文“Yetbeingoverlynegativecanseriouslyruinyourchancesoffindinghappinessinhislife.”然而一直持否定消极态度会严重毁掉你发现幸福的机会。转折含义的副词“yet”之前要接受生活中有些不如意，“yet”后说明不能一直消极，要转换思维方式。故选D项。【20题详解】由空前“Spendsometimethinkingaboutallofthethingsyouhavetobethankfulfor.”可知，作者建议大家用点时间想一下所有应该感恩的事物。F选项“willoftenprovideyouwithaninstantoptimismboost”（这将经常给你一种乐观的推动力）符合上文语境，主语“It”指代前面整个句子。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。FatimagrewupinruralGohrProvince,wheretherewasnoschoolingavailabletogirls.ButsheinsistedonlisteningtoBBCradio,whichshecould____21____whenhighenoughinthehills.“Mysisterswereforcedtogetmarried.IdecidedthatIwouldnotcontinueintheir____22____.ThatwaswhyIdecidedto____23____,”Fatimasays.ShejoinedFacebookgroupsforhistoryfans.____24____ofpeoplewhoonlyrelatedAfghanistantoconflicts,Fatimastartedwriting____25____aboutplacesthatforeignersmightnotknowabout.Fatimastartedgetting____26____fromonlinefriends.Amanreachedouttohersayinghewasgoingtobe____27____inAfghanistanandaskingwhethershewasinterestedinshowinghimaroundinHerat.Shesaidyes.Later,herecommendedhertosomeoneelseand____28____Fatimacametotheattentionofatravelagency.Thecompany____29____herinlate2020,andshebecamehercountry’sfirstfemale____30____tourguide.Ofcourse,beinga____31____isnevereasy.Fatimasaysmanypeoplehavetoldherthatit’stoodangerousforawomantowork,especiallyifitmeans____32____withmenone-on-one.Fatimasaysthatthe____33____ofheremployersandthepeopleshehasmetthroughgivingtoursiswhatkeepsher____34____.There’salsotheimplication（暗示）ofwhatcouldhappenifshedoes____35____:“IfIgiveup,thenotherwomenwillneverstart.”21.A.takeupB.pickupC.turnupD.buildup22.A.lifeB.choiceC.traditionD.business23.A.workB.liveC.studyD.travel24.A.AfraidB.ConvincedC.CertainD.Tired25.A.postsB.lettersC.novelsD.,speeches26.A.responsesB.donationC.lessonsD.guidance27.A.teachingB.settlingC.travellingD.serving28.A.similarlyB.obviouslyC.hopefullyD.eventually29.A.promotedB.instructedC.hiredD.trained30.A.intelligentB.devotedC.efficientD.professional31.A.researcherB.pioneerC.specialistD.celebrity32.A.playingB.interactingC.exploringD.cooperating33.A.supportB.patienceC.protectionD.contribution34.A.refreshedB.recognizedC.informedD.motivated35.A.relaxB.skipC.quitD.insist【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.A27.C28.D29.C30.D31.B32.B33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲的是阿富汗第一个职业女导游她儿时就不走寻常路，一心想成为其他阿富汗女子走出传统观念的第一人的鼓舞人心的故事。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但她坚持收听英国广播公司的广播，她可以在高山上收听。A.takeup拿起，开始从事；B.pickup捡起，承载，接收（信号）；C.turnup打开；D.buildup增进，加强。根据空前的“ButsheinsistedonlisteningtoBBCradio”（但她坚持收听英国广播公司的广播）可知，这里指的是她可以接收到收音机的信号。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定不再延续他们的传统。A.life生活；B.choice选择；C.tradition传统；D.business生意。根据第二段第一句“Mysisterswereforcedtogetmarried.”（我的姐妹们被迫结婚了）可知，法蒂玛不想重复姐姐的老路被迫的结婚，因此她不想延续那样的传统。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我决定工作的原因，”法蒂玛说。A.work工作；B.live,生活；C.study学习；D.travel旅行。根据空前“Mysisterswereforcedtogetmarried.IdecidedthatIwouldnotcontinueintheir　2　.”以及第三段最后一句“Thecompany　9　herinlate2020,andshebecamehercountry’sfirstfemale　10　tourguide.”可知，法蒂玛不想走姐姐那样传统的老路，而是想去工作。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：法蒂玛厌倦了仅使阿富汗与冲突有关的人，开始撰写有关外国人可能不知道的地方的文章。A.Afraid害怕的；B.Convinced确信的；C.Certain确定的；D.Tired疲倦的，厌烦的。根据第三段前两句“ShejoinedFacebookgroupsforhistoryfans.　4　ofpeoplewhoonlyrelatedAfghanistantoconflicts,Fatimastartedwriting　5　aboutplacesthatforeignersmightnotknowabout.”可知，法蒂玛认为人们对自己的国家有误解，想通过写东西把一些地方介绍给大家，可见她是很厌烦别人总把自己国家和冲突联系在一起。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：法蒂玛厌倦了仅使阿富汗与冲突有关人，开始撰写有关外国人可能不知道的地方的文章。A.posts帖子，邮件；B.letters信；C.novels小说；D.speeches演讲。根据第三段第一句“ShejoinedFacebookgroupsforhistoryfans.”（她加入了Facebook上历史迷的群组）可知，她是在Facebook上写帖子。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：法蒂玛开始收到网友的回复。A.responses响应，回复；B.donation捐赠；C.lessons课；D.guidance指导。根据上一句“Fatimastartedwriting　5　aboutplacesthatforeignersmightnotknowabout.”可知，她写的东西收到了网友们的回复。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名男子找到她，说他要去阿富汗旅行，问她是否有兴趣带他去赫拉特转转。A.teaching教；B.settling安居；C.travelling旅游；D.serving为……服务。根据后面的“showaround”可以看出，这个男子应该要来阿富汗旅游。故选C项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，他把她推荐给了别人，最终一家旅行社注意到了她。A.similarly类似地；B.obviously明显地；C.hopefully有希望地；D.eventually最后。根据第三段后两句“Later,herecommendedhertosomeoneelseand　8　Fatimacametotheattentionofatravelagency.Thecompany9　herinlate2020,andshebecamehercountry’sfirstfemale　10　tourguide.”可知，在这位男子的推荐下她最终到了一家旅行社工作。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年末该公司聘用了她,她成为她的国家的第一位女专业导游。A.promoted促进，提拔；B.instructed指导；C.hired雇佣；D.trained,训练。根据第三段最后一句“shebecamehercountry’sfirstfemale　10　tourguide.”可知，旅行社已经雇佣她工作了。故选C项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2020年末该公司聘用了她,她成为她的国家的第一位女专业导游。A.intelligent智能的，聪明的；B.devoted献身的，忠诚的；C.efficient有效率的；D.professional专业的。根据本句“shebecamehercountry’sfirstfemale　10　tourguide.”可知，她被旅行社雇佣，是她们国家第一个专业的女导游。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，做一个先锋从来都不是一件容易的事。A.researcher研究员；B.pioneer先锋，先驱；C.specialist专家；D.celebrity名人。根据第三段最后一句话“Thecompany　9herinlate2020,andshebecamehercountry’sfirstfemale　10　tourguide.”可知，这里应该是法蒂玛选择了第一个做女性职业导游，是阿富汗女子的先驱，应该用pioneer。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：法蒂玛说，很多人告诉她，女人上班太危险了，尤其是如果这意味着与男人一对一地互动。A.playing玩；B.interacting互动；C.exploring探索；D.cooperating合作。这个应该要结合文化背景知识，就是阿富汗的女子不能与陌生男子一对一的说话，交流。故选B项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。法蒂玛说，她的雇主和她通过导游遇到的人的支持使她保持动力。A.support支持；B.patience耐心；C.protection保护；D.contribution贡献。根据第三段倒数第二句“herecommendedhertosomeoneelseand　8　Fatimacametotheattentionofatravelagency.”和本句“Fatimasaysthatthe　13　ofheremployersandthepeopleshehasmetthroughgivingtoursiswhatkeepsher　14　.”可知，法蒂玛得到了旅行社的关注和支持。故选A项。34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：法蒂玛说，她的雇主和她通过导游遇到的人的支持使她保持动力。A.refreshed清爽的；B.recognized公认的；C.informed见多识广的；D.motivated有动机的，有积极性的。根据第四段最后一句“There’salsotheimplication(暗示)ofwhatcouldhappenifshedoes　15　:“IfIgiveup,thenotherwomenwillneverstart.””可知，雇主和客户的支持让她一直处于一种被激励的状态。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果她真的辞职，也会有一个暗示：“如果我放弃，那么其他女人将永远无法开始。”A.relax放松；B.skip跳跃；C.quit离开，放弃；D.insist。根据空后“IfIgiveup,thenotherwomenwillneverstart.”（如果我放弃,,那么其他的女人永远不会开始）可知，前面指的是她真的放弃了导游机会，其他女性就永远不会开始。故选C项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Inmodernsociety,manytraditionalChinesefestivalsarebecominglessandlesspopular.However,theyareimportantpartofChineseculture,andit’sour___36___(responsible)toprotectandmaintainthem.Thisarticlefocusesonafestivalthatmanypeoplearenotfamiliarwith----HanshiFestival.Withahistoryofmorethan2,600years,HanshiFestivalistheonlytraditionaloneinChinanamed___37___food,anditisalsoknownastheColdFoodFestivalaspeopleareonlyallowedtoeatcoldfoodonthisday.Hanshinormally____38____(fall)aroundApril3inthesolarcalendar,onetotwodaysaheadoftheQingmingFestival.InmostpartsofChina,firesmightstarteasilyinthedryearlyspringduetotheflammablesubstances___39___(store)bypeopleandthespringthunder.Asaresult,theancientsusuallyheldgrandceremoniesofsacrificein___40___thefirestoredfromthepreviousyearwouldbeputout.Later,theywoulddrillwoodtogetnewfireforanewyear.Thegapbetweenputtingoutoldfireand___41___(burn)thewoodtoobtainnewfirerangedfromthree,five,orsevendaysaccordingtodifferent___42___(history)records.Duringthegapdays,fires___43___(prohibit)inhouseholds.Asaresult,peoplewouldeatwhattheyhadpreparedpreviously,namelythecoldfood,orhanshiinChinese.That’s___44___theHanshiFestivalgraduallycameintobeing.AstheHanshiFestivalisonetotwodaysaheadoftheQingmingFestival,theygraduallygotcombinedwithoneanother.AftertheSongDynasty,coldfooddidnotremainanecessityonthisday,andgradually,QingmingFestivaltookoverthefolkactivitiesofHanshi____45____(become)amajorfestivalonthissubject.【答案】36.responsibility37.after38.falls39.stored40.which41.burning42.historical43.wereprohibited44.how45.tobecome【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。在现代社会，许多中国传统节日越来越不受欢迎，文章介绍了许多人不太熟悉的寒食节的演变。【36题详解】,考查名词。句意：然而，它们是中国文化的重要组成部分，保护和维护它们是我们的责任。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填responsibility。【37题详解】考查固定短语。句意：寒食节有着2600多年的历史，是中国唯一以食物命名的传统节日，也被称为冷食节，因为人们只能在这一天吃冷食。nameafter是固定短语，表示“以……命名”，根据句意，故填after。【38题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：寒食节通常在太阳历4月3日左右，比清明节早一两天。空格处是谓语动词，文章主时态是一般现在时，主语Hanshi是第三人称单数，故填falls。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国的大部分地区，由于人们储存的易燃物质和春雷，火灾可能很容易在干燥的早春引发。分析句子可知，“_4___(store)bypeoplestored”是后置定语，修饰theflammablesubstances作定语，store与逻辑主语substances是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填stored。【40题详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，古人通常举行盛大的祭祀仪式，在这些仪式中，前一年储存的火将被扑灭。分析句子可知，“in___5___thefirestoredfromthepreviousyearwouldbeputout.”是定语从句，先行词是ceremonies，从句中作介词的宾语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据不同的历史记录，扑灭旧火，燃烧木材以获得新火之间的间隔日从三天、五天或七天不等。分析句子可知，between…and…“在……之间”，连接并列成分，由“puttingoutoldfire”可知，burn也用动名词形式，故填burning。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词用形容词，historical“历史上的”，符合语境，故填historical。【43题详解】考查时态语态。句意：在间隔日期间，在家里火被禁止。分析句子可知，prohibit是谓语动词，与主语fires是被动关系，用被动语态，此处讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，主语是复数，故填wereprohibited。【44题详解】考查表语从句。句意：那就是寒食节如何逐渐形成的。分析句子可知，空格处引导表语从句，that指代上文讲述的寒食节的形成，可知此处用how表示方式，故填how。【45题详解】,考查不定式。句意：清明节接管了寒食节的民间活动，结果成了这一主题的主要节日。分析句子可知，“__10___(become)amajorfestivalonthissubject.”表示意料之外的结果，用不定式作结果状语，故填tobecome。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是SunshineSchool的学生李华，为了帮助同学们提高应急反应能力，请你代表学校写信邀请国际红十字会代表Mr.Smith来校开展一次急救知识培训，内容包括：1.培训安排；2.培训内容（至少两点）。参考词汇：心肺复苏CPR注意：1.词数80左右：2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMr.Smith,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMr.Smith,IamLiHuafromSunshineSchool.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusfirst-aidtrainingtoimproveouremergencyresponseabilities.Thetrainingwilllastonehourfrom3:30p.m.to4:30p.m.onMay20thintheschoolhall.WouldyoupleaseshowushowtoperformCPRanddresswounds?Iftimepermits,we’dliketohaveatryunderyourguidance.Yourtrainingwillbenefitusalot.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写信邀请国际红十字会代表Mr.Smith来校开展一次急救知识培训，告知培训安排和培训内容。【详解】1.词汇积累邀请：asksb.todo→invitesb.todo培训：train→givesb.atraining/givesb.first-aidtraining尝试：try→haveatry指导：direction→guidance,帮助：help→benefit2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Thetrainingwilllastonehourfrom3:30p.m.to4:30p.m.onMay20thintheschoolhall.拓展句：Thetrainingwillstartfrom3:30p.m.to4:30p.m.onMay20thintheschoolhall,whichwilllastonehour.【点睛】[高分句型1]WouldyoupleaseshowushowtoperformCPRanddresswounds?(你能告诉我们怎么做心肺复苏和包扎伤口吗?)该句中使用了“wouldyoupleasedo…”句式表达委婉请求，“howtoperformCPRanddresswounds”为“疑问词+todo不定式”结构。[高分句型2]Iftimepermits,we’dliketohaveatryunderyourguidance.(如果时间允许，我们愿意在您的指导下试一试。)该句使用“if”引导条件状语从句。第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文.Iwaswalkingdownthemuddyroadonedaywhenmycellphonerang.Achild'svoiceontheotherendspoketomesoftly,"Dad,pleasecomehacksoon.Imissyousomuch!”Unconsciously,Iknewitwasawrongnumberonceagain.Idon’thaveasingledaughter.Ijusthaveasix-year-oldson.Itisnotunusualtoreceivethiskindofcallsnowadays,soIrepliedrudely,"You'vedialedthewrongnumber!”andthenhungupinanger.Duringthefollowingdays,Igotthesamecallnowandthen.Itdisturbedme,soIeitherrejectedherorhunguprightawayrudely.Icouldn’thelpcomplainingaboutthis,“Whatanimpolitegirl!Howcanshecallmeupoverandoveragain?”How1wishedthelittlegirlwouldstopcausinganytroubletomesomeday!Suddenly,thephonerangupagain.Itwasfromthesamegirl-Itseemedthatshewouldnotgiveupuntilshegotananswer.Sheconstantlycalledmeup.EvenifIdidnotgiveherananswer,shestilldialedmynumberfromtimetotime.EventuallyIunwillinglyansweredthephone.1heardtheweakvoiceofthatlittlegirl,“Dad,pleasecomebacknow.Imissyousomuch!Momtoldmethiswasnotawrongnumber.Itisyourcellphonenumber,right?Dad,Iaminsomuchpain!Momsaidyouweretoobusytotakecareofme.Sheistiredoutfromlookingafterme.Dad,Iknowyouarebusy.Ifyoucannotcomehome,pleasekissmeagaininthephone,OK?”Theinnocentrequestwasdifficulttoreject.Imadealoudkissintothephoneandheardaweakvoicesaying,“Thankyou....Dad,Iamso...happy,so…happy注意：,1.续写词数应为150左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Shortlyafterthis,Ibecameinterestedinwhohadbeenontheotherendofmyphone.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Icouldn’twaittoaskthewomanhowherdaughterwas.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】(Onepossibleversion)Shortlyafterthis,Ibecameinterestedinwhohadbeenontheotherendofmyphone.WhenIcalledthenumberback,awomananswered,“Sorry,sir.Iamreallysorrytobotheryou.Ididwanttocalltoapologize.”Fromthewoman,Ilearntthatthegirlhadbonecancerwhenshewasborn,andunfortunatelyherfatherdiedinanaccidentweeksago.Thelittlegirlsufferedfromunbearabletreatmenteveryday.Feelingpainful,shewouldcryforherdadwhohadalwaysencouragedher,sohermothergaveherarandomnumber.Icouldn’twaittoaskthewomanhowherdaughterwas.Thewomanthoughtforawhile,sayingsadly,“Shehasgone.Youmusthavekissedheronthephone,andshewentwithasmileasshetightlyheldthecellphonewithwhichshecouldhearhervoice...”Onhearingthis,Icouldn’tkeepbackmysadfeeling,tearsstreamingdownmycheeks.Ididn’tknowwhattosay,soIslowlyhangupmyphone,prayingforherhappinessandhealthinheaven.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，作者无意中接到一个女孩找爸爸的错误来电并粗鲁挂断之后，女孩依旧不时地拨打作者的号码，即使并未得到答复。在意识到女孩不会轻易放弃后，作者最终接了女孩的电话。感动于女孩对爸爸的想念，作者应其请求，在电话中给了她一个吻，女孩也因为这个吻而感到格外的开心。【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：在这之后不久，我对电话的另一端是谁产生了兴趣……，所以接下来应该写作者回拨电话以及女孩妈妈对作者的回复内容。特别要详细描述女孩之所以不停打电话找爸爸的具体原因。第二段开头是：我迫不及待地想问那个女人她女儿怎么样了……。本段应该写女孩现在的情况以及作者得知实情后的表现。续写时需要注意：（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）所续写短文的词数应为150左右。【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：sufferedfrom，apologize，,encourage，thinkforawhile，streamdown，prayfor等高级词汇；限制性定语从句“shetightlyheldthecellphonewithwhichshecouldhearhervoice...”，“Ididn’tknowwhattosay,soIslowlyhangupmyphone,prayingforherhappinessandhealthinheaven.”中非谓语的灵活使用以及“Icouldn’tkeepbackmysadfeeling,tearsstreamingdownmycheeks.”中独立主格的熟练运用。