山东省青岛市2022届高三上学期期初考英语试题 Word版含解析

高中2019级教学质量检测英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdidthewomanforget?A.Herphone.B.Herjacket.C.Herbag.2.Whatwillthemanprobablyhavewithhisdinner?A.Wine.B.Beer.C.Juice.3.Whatdidthewomanfeelbadabout?A.Nottellingthetruth.B.Feelingscared.C.Beinglatefortheparty.4.Howdoesthemusicmakethewomanfeel?A.StressedB.Relaxed.C.Ashamed.5.Howlonghasthecakebeenintheoven（烤箱）at200degrees?A.For50minutes.B.For20minutes.C.For10minutes.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howmanybottleswereboughtbythelastcustomer?A.20.B.24.C.48.7.Whydoesn'tthewomangotothestorenow?A.Sheneedsarest.B.Shedoesn'twanttowaitinline.C.Sheisbusyatthemoment.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhoisLucy?A.Thespeakers'daughter.B..Thespeakers'dog.C.Thespeakers'cat.9.Whoisthemangoingtophone?A.Mary.B.Adrian.C.Barbara.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inthecar.B.Intheyard.C.Inthebedroom.11.Whatistheman'sadvice?,A.Searchingasagroup.B.Takingashortbreak.C.Travelingyesterday'ssteps.Whatwillthemandonext?A.CallAmy.B.Dothelaundry.C.Checkthewashingmachine.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdothespeakersbothagreeto?A.Redesigningmoreparks.BImprovingthesportscenter.C.Decreasingtaxes.14.Whichplacedoesthemanprobablylivenextto?A.Ashoppingcenter.B.Apark.C.Apolicestation.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkmostimportant?A.Strengtheningpoliceforce.B.Improvingtheschools.C.Increasingthenumberoflargebusinesses.16.Whatdoesthewomanbelievewillhappeninthetowninthefuture?A.Publicspaceswillbereduced.B.Morepeoplewillmoveintothetown.C.Peoplewillhavebetteremploymentopportunities.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatmadethespeakerinterestedintheanimalkingdom?A.Thedifferenttools.B.Thevariousenvironments.C.Therelationshipbetweenanimals.18.Howdothesmallfishhelpthesharks?A.Bygivingthemaride.B.Bykeepingthemhealthy.C.Bygivingthemfood.19.Whatdothe"honeyguide"birdsdo?A.Protectthehumans.B.Bringhumanstothehoney.C.Producehoneyforhumans.20.Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?A.Bondsinnature.B.Differencesbetweenanimals.C.Waystoprotectanimals.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASomeinfluentialfigureshavelefttheirmarksintheworldofscienceandtechnology.SundarPichaiisthecurrentCEOofGoogle.Atpresent,Googleisthemostpopularsearchengineandisawordthathasenteredthedictionaryinitsverbform,‘Googling'.Hewasnotbornwithasilverspooninhismouthandthefamilysufferedfrompoverty.Buthisstoryneverfailstoremindallthatwithdeterminationandhardwork,onecanbeattheodds.AlthoughSteveJobspassedonyearsago,hewas,andstillis,theperfectrolemodelformanyentrepreneurs.HewasfiredfromthecompanyofApple,andthenhewentontostartuptwoothersuccessfulcompanies.Later,hereturnedtoApplewherehecreatedtheiPhone,aproductthatmanyconsidertobethemostsignificantinventionofthiscentury.ElonMuskisthefounderofSpaceXandTesla.HeusedtobeamajorshareholderandCEOinPayPal,butwasforcedtoleavefromhisroleasCEOduetodisagreementswiththecompanyleaders.Currently,hehassethissightsonwaystoreduceglobalwarming,includingkeepingalookoutfornewsourcesofrenewableenergy,andhasanexcitingambitiontoestablishahumancolonyinMars.MarkZuckerbergisthefounderofFacebook.Manyareawareofhisenormoussuccessinbuildingthe$350-billioncompanybutnotmanyknowthathehadtojourneythrougharockypath,togettowhereheistoday.Hedroppedoutofcollegeandhadtotideoveruncertaintimesbeforereachingsuccess.1.WhatdidSteveJobsdoafterbeingfiredfromApple?A.Hegavelecturestoyoungbusinessmen.B.Hebecameasuccessfulentrepreneuroftwootherstart-ups.C.HestartedacompanywherehecreatediPhone.D.Hemadethemostsignificantinventionintheworld.2.Whoisonthefrontierofspaceexplorationtechnology?A.SundarPichai.B.SteveJobs.C.ElonMusk.D.MarkZuckerberg.3.Whatsimilaritydothefourfiguresshare?A.Theywerebornintopoorfamilies.B.Theywentthroughhardshipbeforesuccess.C.Theycontributedalottorenewableenergy.D.Theyquitcollegetochasetheirdreams.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个在科技界做出巨大成就的名人。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“HewasfiredfromthecompanyofApple,andthenhewentontostartuptwoothersuccessfulcompanies.（他被苹果公司解雇了，然后又创办了另外两家成功的公司）”可知，在被苹果公司解雇后，乔布斯成为另外两家初创企业的成功企业家。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“ElonMuskisthefounderofSpaceXandTesla.（ElonMusk是SpaceX和特斯拉的创始人）”“Currently,hehassethissightsonwaystoreduceglobalwarming,includingkeepingalookoutfornewsourcesofrenewableenergy,andhasanexcitingambitiontoestablishahumancolonyinMars.（目前，他已将目光投向减少全球变暖的方法，包括寻找新的可再生能源，并有一个令人兴奋的雄心壮志，即在火星上建立人类殖民地）”可知，ElonMusk是太空探索方面的先锋。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的对SundarPichai的描述“Hewasnotbornwithasilverspooninhismouthandthefamilysufferedfrompoverty.Buthisstoryneverfailstoremindallthatwithdeterminationandhardwork,onecanbeattheodds.（他不是含着银汤匙出生的，家里很穷。但他的故事总是提醒大家，只要有决心和努力，就可以战胜困难）”，第二段的对SteveJobs的描述“HewasfiredfromthecompanyofApple,andthenhewentontostartuptwoother,successfulcompanies.（他被苹果公司解雇了，然后又创办了另外两家成功的公司）”，和对ElonMusk的描述“HeusedtobeamajorshareholderandCEOinPayPal,butwasforcedtoleavefromhisroleasCEOduetodisagreementswiththecompanyleaders.（他曾是PayPal的主要股东和首席执行官，但由于与公司领导意见分歧，他被迫辞去首席执行官的职务）”以及第三段对MarkZuckerberg的描述“Manyareawareofhisenormoussuccessinbuildingthe$350-billioncompanybutnotmanyknowthathehadtojourneythrougharockypathtogettowhereheistoday.Hedroppedoutofcollegeandhadtotideoveruncertaintimesbeforereachingsuccess.（许多人都知道他在建立这家价值3500亿美元的公司方面取得了巨大的成功，但没有多少人知道他必须走过一条崎岖的道路才能达到今天的水平。他从大学退学，在获得成功之前，他不得不度过不确定的时期）”可知，这四个人物的共同点是他们都是在经历了艰难困苦之后才取得成功的。故选B。【点睛】BEveryyearonApril22,EarthDaymarkstheanniversaryofthebirthofthemodernenvironmentalmovementin1970.Itgaveavoicetoanemergingpublicconsciousnessaboutthestateofourplanet.ThefounderwasGaylordNelson.WhatmovedGaylordNelsontoactionwasthe1969massiveoilspill（溢出）inCalifornia,thelargestoilspillintheUnitedStatesatthattime.Thespillprovedtobeanenvironmentalnightmareasithadastrongimpactonmarinelife,killinganestimated3,500seabirds,aswellasmarineanimalssuchasdolphins,elephantsealsandsealions.Inspiredbythestudentantiwarmovementatthatperiodoftime,Nelsonfounditwasarighttimetochanneltheenergyofthestudentstowardsafightforenvironmentalprotection.HedecidedthatitwastimetoeducatetheAmericansontheneedtoprotecttheenvironment.Thus,EarthDaywasbornin1970,andpublicenvironmentalconsciousnesstookcentrestage.On22ndApril1970,millionsofAmericanstooktothestreetstodemonstrateforahealthy,sustainableenvironmentandthousandsofstudentsmarchedinprotestoftheterriblesituationoftheenvironment.Businesseswereforcedtofollowenvironmentalstandardsiftheywantedtocontinuetheiroperations.Theyear1990sawEarthDayreachouttomanymorecountriesaroundtheworld.Ithelpedpavethewayforthe1992UnitedNationsEarthSummitinRiodeJaneiro,bringingtogethermanynations,forajointefforttowardsprotectingtheenvironment.In2009,theUnitedNationsdecidedtoofficiallysetApril22asEarthDay.ForhisroleasfounderofEarthDay,GaylordNelsonwasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom（1995）,thehighesthonourgiventociviliansintheUnitedStates.Wehonortheman,asthefightforacleanerenvironmentcontinues.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutEarthDay?A.Itwasfoundedattheendof1970s.B.ItwasfirstcelebratedinRiodeJaneiro.,C.Peoplewillmarchonthestreetonthisday.D.Itarousespublicenvironmentalawareness.5.WhatdidGaylordNelsondotomakeEarthDaypossible?A.Hereducedthelossoftheoilspill.B.Heparticipatedinanantiwarmovement.C.Hesetenvironmentalstandardsforbusiness.D.Heinvolvedmorepeopleinenvironmentalissues.6.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThefocusofEarthDay.B.ThedevelopmentofEarthDay.C.Theworld'sconcernontheenvironment.D.Thejointeffortsofdifferentcountries.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesGaylordNelson?A.Intelligent.B.Responsible.C.Considerate.D.Knowledgeable.【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了4月22日的“地球日”（EarthDay）创立者盖洛德·纳尔逊是如何创立地球日的以及地球日的历史。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“EveryyearonApril22,EarthDaymarkstheanniversaryofthebirthofthemodernenvironmentalmovementin1970.Itgaveavoicetoanemergingpublicconsciousnessaboutthestateofourplanet.ThefounderwasGaylordNelson.”（每年的4月22日，地球日是1970年现代环保运动诞生的纪念日。它表达了公众对我们星球状况的新意识。创始人是盖洛德·纳尔逊。）可知，它唤起了公众的环境意识。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inspiredbythestudentantiwarmovementatthatperiodoftime,Nelsonfounditwasarighttimetochanneltheenergyofthestudentstowardsafightforenvironmentalprotection.HedecidedthatitwastimetoeducatetheAmericansontheneedtoprotecttheenvironment.Thus,EarthDaywasbornin1970,andpublicenvironmentalconsciousnesstookcentrestage.”（受到当时学生反战运动的启发，纳尔逊发现，现在正是将学生的精力引导到为环境保护而战的好时机。他认为是时候教育美国人保护环境的必要性了。于是，1970年地球日诞生了，公众的环境意识成为了焦点。）”可知，他让更多人参与到环境问题中来。故选D。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“On22ndApril1970,millionsofAmericanstooktothestreetsto,demonstrateforahealthy,sustainableenvironmentandthousandsofstudentsmarchedinprotestoftheterriblesituationoftheenvironment.Businesseswereforcedtofollowenvironmentalstandardsiftheywantedtocontinuetheiroperations.Theyear1990sawEarthDayreachouttomanymorecountriesaroundtheworld.Ithelpedpavethewayforthe1992UnitedNationsEarthSummitinRiodeJaneiro,bringingtogethermanynations,forajointefforttowardsprotectingtheenvironment.In2009,theUnitedNationsdecidedtoofficiallysetApril22asEarthDay.”（1970年4月22日，数百万美国人走上街头，为一个健康、可持续的环境而游行，数千名学生游行抗议环境的糟糕状况。如果企业想要继续经营，就必须遵循环境标准。1990年，地球日向世界上更多的国家延伸。它为1992年在里约热内卢举行的联合国地球峰会铺平了道路，许多国家聚集在一起，共同努力保护环境。2009年，联合国决定正式将4月22日定为“地球日”。）可知，这是地球日的发展。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段地球日的创始人是盖洛德·纳尔逊。以及第四段“ForhisroleasfounderofEarthDay,GaylordNelsonwasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom（1995）,thehighesthonourgiventociviliansintheUnitedStates.Wehonortheman,asthefightforacleanerenvironmentcontinues”（盖洛德·纳尔逊作为地球日的创立者，被授予总统自由勋章(1995年)，这是授予美国平民的最高荣誉。）可知，盖洛德·纳尔逊是一个负责任的人。故选B。【点睛】CNobodywantstosnackonplasticbagsorsodarings,butaccordingtoarecentstudyfromtheUniversityofNeweastle,wecouldbeconsumingroughlyacreditcard'sworthofplasticeveryweek.Microplastic,whicharelessthanaquarter-inchsizeandcomeinvariousshapes,havepollutedthenaturalworldandinfiltrated(渗入)ourbodies.Thefirstcluetomicroplasticexposureinhumanscamearound2013,whenscientistsdiscoveredplasticparticlesinseafoodpreparedforconsumption.Butin2019,whentheUniversityofNewcastlestudywaspublished,thescientificcommunityunderstoodthattheproblemwasconsiderablybroader.Microplasticsshedoffclothesandtiresandhavebeenfoundinbeer,honey,tablesaltandotherfooditems.Webreatheinplasticstayingintheairanddrinkplasticfloatinginourdrinks.It'snostretchtoconcludethatourexposureissignificant.Whatwedon'tknowiswhatthismeansforus.Theamountofevidencecollectedonthissubjectisgrowingrapidly,accordingtoScottCoffin,atoxicologist(毒理学家).Studiesdoneonmiceandratshavefoundthatplasticintheirbodiescanseverelydamagecellsandcausestress.Becausemicroplasticsaretoosmalltocleanup,theonlysolutionistostopplasticwasteatthesource.Anddoingsowouldtakeathoroughadjustment,giventhatplasticsaredeeplyembeddedinoureconomyandlifestyle.Stoppingusingthemwouldfundamentallyaffectcountlessindustries,,includingtextiles(纺织业),transportationandmanufacturing."Ithinkweneedtohavemorestudiescomingoutthataredirectlyrelatedtohumanhealthbeforeweseealotmoreconcernfromthegeneralpublic,"Scottsaid."Ittakesalottoconvincepeoplethatsomethingthatisreallyconvenientforthemtouseissomethingtheyshouldsacrifice."Thequestionofmicroplasticsandhumanhealthneedsmoreattention—fromthescientificcommunity,thegeneralpublic,thegovernmentandfundinggroups.Theissueisn'tbeingignored,butit'snotbeingprioritizedeither.8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellusaboutmicroplastics?A.Theirwideusageindailylife.B.Theirharmtohumanhealth.CTheirsignificantexposureinhumans.D.Thenewstudyconductedonthem.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"thissubject"referto?A.Thewaythatmicroplasticsexist.B.Thepollutioncausedbymicroplastics.C.Therelationshipbetweenmicroplasticsandhumanhealth.D.Thereasonfortheexistenceofmicroplastics.10.HowtosolvetheproblemaccordingtoScott?A.Tocutdownplasticproduction.B.Tocarryoutmorestudiesonmiceandrats.C.Toinventsomethingmoreconvenientthanplastics.D.Topromotepeople'sawarenessontheharmbroughtbymicroplastics.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.IsMicroplasticpollutionharmfultoourhealth?B.WhyisMicroplasticpollutioneverywhere?C.Whyisplasticharmful?D.WhatdoyouknowaboutMicroplastics?【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍微塑料已经大量出现在我们的日常生活，但是否会对我们的健康造成影响，还需进一步的研究。文章呼吁人们更多关注微塑料污染。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其“Microplasticsshedoffclothesandtiresandhavebeenfoundinbeer,honey,tablesaltandotherfooditems.Webreatheinplasticstayingintheairanddrinkplasticfloatinginourdrinks.It'snostretchtoconcludethatourexposureissignificant.（从衣服和轮胎脱落的微塑料在啤酒、蜂蜜、食盐和其他食品中也有发现。我们吸入空气中的塑料，喝漂浮在饮料中的塑料。毫不夸张地说，我们已经巨大地暴露在了微塑料中）”,可知，本段主要介绍了微塑料已经大量出现在人们的生活中。故选C。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段末的“Whatwedon'tknowiswhatthismeansforus.（我们不知道这对我们意味着什么）”和第三段的“Studiesdoneonmiceandratshavefoundthatplasticintheirbodiescanseverelydamagecellsandcausestress.（对小鼠和大鼠进行的研究发现，它们体内的塑料会严重损伤细胞并造成压力）”可知，为了能够找到微塑料对人体健康危害的证据，科学家在老鼠身上进行了研究。由此推知，thissubject指的是“微塑料与人类健康的关系”。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“"Ithinkweneedtohavemorestudiescomingoutthataredirectlyrelatedtohumanhealthbeforeweseealotmoreconcernfromthegeneralpublic,"Scottsaid."Ittakesalottoconvincepeoplethatsomethingthatisreallyconvenientforthemtouseissomethingtheyshouldsacrifice."（斯科特说：“我认为，我们需要进行更多与人类健康直接相关的研究，才能看到公众更多的关注。要花大量精力才能让人们相信方便他们使用的东西会让他们付出代价。”）”可推知，Scott认为解决这个问题的方法是提高人们对微塑料危害的认识。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，第二段末的“Whatwedon'tknowiswhatthismeansforus.（我们不知道这对我们意味着什么）”和第三段“Theamountofevidencecollectedonthissubjectisgrowingrapidly,accordingtoScottCoffin,atoxicologist(毒理学家).Studiesdoneonmiceandratshavefoundthatplasticintheirbodiescanseverelydamagecellsandcausestress.（毒理学家ScottCoffin表示，在这个问题上收集的证据数量正在迅速增长。对小鼠和大鼠进行的研究发现，它们体内的塑料会严重损伤细胞并造成压力）”可知，文章主要介绍微塑料已经大量出现在我们的日常生活，但是否会对我们的健康造成影响，还需进一步的研究。故“微塑料污染对我们的健康有害吗？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。【点睛】DIntheAncientGreekworld,onewasmeanttofocusonacloseknowledgeofjusttwobooks.Homer’sOdysseyandhisIliad,becausethesewerethebestguidestoactioninmilitaryandcivilianaffairs.However,themodernworldfirmlyequalstheintelligentpersonwiththewell-readperson.Nowadays,ifwedonotrushtoreadfourofthisyear’smajorprizewinningbooks,wewillfeelguiltyathowfarbehindweare.Wethinkthatthereshouldbenolimittohowmuchwereadbecauseinanswertothequestionofwhyweread,thereisonlyoneresponsethatwilleverbeambitiousenough:wereadinordertoknoweverything.Butthistiringapproachtoreadingdoesnotmakeusparticularlyhappy.Soinordertoeaseandsimplifyourlives,wemighthaveamuchmorelimited,focusedandusefulgoal.Wemight,for,example,readinordertolearntobecontent.Nothinglessandnothingmore.Withthisnew,farmoretargetedambitioninmind,muchofthepressuretoreadconstantlyandrandomlystartstofade.Onceweknowthatwearereadingtobecontent,wedon’tneedtochaseeverybookpublishedthisseason.Wecanzeroinontitlesthatbestexplainwhatweneed.Soforexample,wemayneedafewkeybooksthatwillteachusabouthowfamiliesworkandhowtheymightworkbetter,thatcantakeusthroughhowtofindajob,orhowtodevelopthecouragetodevelopouropportunities.Themoreweunderstandwhatreadingisforus,themorewecanenjoycloserelationshipswithafewworksonly.Thetrulywell-readpersonisn’ttheonewhohasreadahugenumberofbooks,butsomeonewhohasletthemselvesbedeeplyshapedbyjustafew,verywell-chosentitles.12.WhyareHomer’sOdysseyandIliadmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Topresentafact.B.Toexplainapoint.CToraiseaquestion.D.Tomakeacomparison.13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2and3?A.Majorprizewinningbooksshouldberead.B.Weshouldbeambitioustoreadtoknoweverything.C.Readingasmuchaswecanleadstohappiness.D.Weshouldreadwithfocusedpurpose.14.Whatkindofbooksdoestheauthoradviseustoread?A.Thenewlypublishedones.B.Thosewithinnovativenames.C.Thebooksmeetingyourneeds.D.Thebooksimprovingyourambitions.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromoteourinterestinreading.B.Toadvocateatargetedreadingway.C.Tocriticizereadingblindly.D.Tocomparedifferentreadingstyles.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者在文章中介绍了当今社会中盲目阅读的现象，并提倡人们有针对性的阅读，阅读能够满足自己需要的书籍。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“However,themodernworldfirmlyequalstheintelligentpersonwiththewell-readperson.,”（然而，现代世界坚定地把聪明人和博览群书的人等同起来。）可知，作者在第一段中把过去的人和现在的人对阅读的态度进行对比，在古希腊世界，人们专注于读荷马的《奥德赛》和《伊利亚特》，因为这两本书是军事和民事行动的最佳指南，而现代人却认为读的书越多就越聪明，盲目阅读，由此可知，第一段提到荷马的《奥德赛》和《伊利亚特》是为了把过去和现在的阅读观点进行比较。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Butthistiringapproachtoreadingdoesnotmakeusparticularlyhappy.Soinordertoeaseandsimplifyourlives,wemighthaveamuchmorelimited,focusedandusefulgoal.”（但这种令人厌倦的阅读方式并没有让我们特别高兴。因此，为了使我们的生活变得轻松和简单，我们可能会带有一个更加有限、专注和有用的目标去阅读。）可知，作者在第二段和第三段中告诉我们，盲目的大量阅读并没有让我们特别高兴，我们应该有目的性的去阅读一些对我们有用的书，这样我们的生活会变得轻松和简单，由此可知，我们可以从第二段和第三段中推断出我们应该有目的地阅读。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Wecanzeroinontitlesthatbestexplainwhatweneed.Soforexample,wemayneedafewkeybooksthatwillteachusabouthowfamiliesworkandhowtheymightworkbetter,thatcantakeusthroughhowtofindajob,orhowtodevelopthecouragetodevelopouropportunities.”（我们可以专注于最能解释我们需要什么的标题。比如说，我们可能需要几本重要的书来教我们家庭如何工作，以及家庭如何更好地工作，这些书可以引导我们如何找到工作，或者如何鼓起勇气去创造机会。）可知，作者认为，我们应该专注于那些能够解释我们的疑惑，满足我们需要的书，由此可知，作者建议我们读能满足我们的需要的书。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Thetrulywell-readpersonisn’ttheonewhohasreadahugenumberofbooks,butsomeonewhohasletthemselvesbedeeplyshapedbyjustafew,verywell-chosentitles.”（真正博览群书的人不是那些读了大量书籍的人，而是那些让自己被一些精心挑选的书深深影响的人。）可知，在作者看来，真正博览群书的人是那些带有明确目标去阅读的人，所阅读的书籍能够满足自己的需要，给自己带来影响，而不是盲目阅读大量书籍的人，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡有针对性的阅读方式。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CayceZavagliaisanartistwithauniquetransformationtoherwork.____16____Paintingwithtinyneedlesisnotasfastaspaintingwithabrush.____17____Ittakestwomonths-nearly200hourstocompleteaportrait.____18____Onceshedecides,sheinvitesthatpersontoherstudioandtakeshundredsofphotographs.Shestudiesthewaythelightfallsacrosstheperson'sface.Aftermanyhoursofstudyingthephotos,shechoosestheperfectoneforherportrait.Next,sheenlargesthephotoonacanvas(画布).Then,shematchesthecolorsinthephotoandthestitchingbegins.,Caycestartswiththehairandforehead,thenmovesontotheshouldersandclothing,andfinallytheface.Thehumanfaceiswhatshemostenjoyscreatinginherart.____19____Inaportraitofherbabydaughter,theskinappearssoftandsmooth.Inaportraitofherdad,thestitchesshowawrinkledandagingface.Caycebelieveshersuccessdependsonthreethings:herchoiceofcolors,thelengthanddirectionofthestitches,andherabilitytomaketheportraitlooktrue.Shelovesthesurprisewhenpeopleviewherart.Fromadistance,peoplebelievetheportraitsarepainted.____20____A.Shemakessurethepersonlooksstraightintoher.B.Thebiggestchallengeismakingtheskinlookreal.C.Insteadofpaintingwithabrush,shesewswithaneedle.D.Cayce'sfirststepisdecidingwhowillbeintheportrait.E.Shelovescreatingportraitsofherfamilyandclosefriends.F.Itrequiresalotofpatience,foryouoftenhavetorethreadyourneedle.G.Butwhentheytakeacloserlook,theyseetheportraithasbeenembroidered.【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.B20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位用针作画的艺术家CayceZavaglia，包括她作画的方式，对自己画的看法，以及人们对画的感觉。【16题详解】根据上文“CayceZavagliaisanartistwithauniquetransformationtoherwork.（CayceZavaglia是一位艺术家，她的作品有着独特的变化）”和下文“Paintingwithtinyneedlesisnotasfastaspaintingwithabrush（用细针作画不如用刷子作画快）”可知，上文提到了CayceZavaglia作画的改变，下文则说用针作画比较慢。由此可知，CayceZavaglia的改变是用针作画。C项“她不是用刷子画画，而是用针”符合文意，needle是关键词。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Paintingwithtinyneedlesisnotasfastaspaintingwithabrush（用细针作画不如用刷子作画快）”和下文“Ittakestwomonths-nearly200hourstocompleteaportrait.（完成一幅肖像画需要两个月——近200个小时）”可知，用针作画需要花大量时间。由此推知，空处承接上文，解释为什么用针作画很慢。F项“这需要很大的耐心，因为你经常要重新穿针”符合文意，下文是对空处内容的进一步说明。故选F。【18题详解】根据下文“Onceshedecides,sheinvitesthatpersontoherstudioandtakeshundredsofphotographs.（一旦她决定了，她会邀请那个人到她的工作室，拍上数百张照片）”结合倒数一二段提到的作画步骤推知，设空处应陈述Cayce作画的第一步——决定画谁。D项“Cayce的第一步是决定谁将出现在画像中”,符合文意，选项中的deciding呼应下文的decides。故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Caycestartswiththehairandforehead,thenmovesontotheshouldersandclothing,andfinallytheface.Thehumanfaceiswhatshemostenjoyscreatinginherart.（Cayce从头发和前额开始，然后是肩膀和衣服，最后是脸。在她的艺术中，人的脸是她最喜欢创造的）”和下文“Inaportraitofherbabydaughter,theskinappearssoftandsmooth.Inaportraitofherdad,thestitchesshowawrinkledandagingface.（在她的小女儿的肖像中，皮肤显得柔软光滑。在她父亲的肖像中，缝线显示出皱纹和衰老的脸）”可知，上文提到了Cayce创作的部位，下文则提到不同的肖像皮肤有不同的表现形式。由此推知，空处应陈述皮肤在创作中具有挑战性。B项“最大的挑战是让皮肤看起来真实”符合文意，skin是关键词，下文是对空处内容的举例说明。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Fromadistance,peoplebelievetheportraitsarepainted.（从远处看，人们认为画像是画的）”可知，上文描述了人们从远处看画的感觉，由此推知，空处承接上文，描述人们从近处看画的感觉。G项“但是当他们仔细看的时候，他们看到画像是绣出来的”符合文意，选项中的closer对应上文的fromadistance，且they指代上文的people。故选G。【点睛】第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sheisoveracenturyold,butshehasn'tletthatstopherfromworking.At102,RomayDavis____21____drivesherselftothegrocerystoreeachdayfor____22____.Now,duringBlackHistoryMonth,Davisisbeinghonoredforher____23____withagrant（拨款）benamedafterher.ThroughtheRomayDavisGrantProgram,charitieswillreceive____24____inthefightforracialequalityandsocial____25____.Davisis____26____ofthegrantinhernameassheisapioneerherself.Sheservedinthefirstall-BlackWomenArmy____27____overseasduringWorldWarII.Thenafterthewar,shestartedher____28____infashionasadesignerinmodelinNewYorkfor30years.Throughoutherlife,she'salso____29____othermilestonesincludingamaster'sdegree,BlackBeltinTaekwondo（跆拳道）andmore.She_____30_____forthefirsttimein1982.Afterherhusbanddiedin2001,she_____31_____togobacktoworkandwas_____32_____bythegrocerystoreinWinn-Dixiein2001attheageof82.In2019.Romay_____33_____her100thbirthday."AswecelebrateMs.Romay,weareallmovedbyherlife-long_____34_____andstrongworkethic（职业道德）,which_____35_____otherstobetheirbest,"saidAnthonyHucker,CEOofWinn-Dixie,SoutheasternGrocers.21.A.oftenB.stillC.skillfullyD.yet,22.A.workB.shoppingC.pleasureD.fun23.A.jobsB.agesC.storesD.contributions24.A.criticismB.supportC.benefitD.information25.A.justiceB.skillC.lifeD.development26.A.fondB.awareC.worthyD.sure27.A.requiredB.rootedC.organizedD.stationed28.A.styleB.careerC.studyD.adventure29.A.missedB.foundC.plannedD.achieved30.A.foughtB.pursuedC.retiredD.failed31.A.refusedB.fearedC.mentionedD.decided32.A.hiredB.metC.paidD.offered33.A.celebratedB.passedC.interviewedD.employed34.A.sympathyB.independenceC.devotionD.dream35.A.remindsB.inspiresC.advisesD.leads【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.A26.C27.D28.B29.D30.C31.D32.A33.A34.C35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了RomayDavis个人经历以及所取得的成就，她激励着其他人做到最好。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：102岁的RomayDavis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。A.often经常；B.still仍然；C.skillfully熟练地；D.yet但是。根据下文“butshehasn'tletthatstopherfromworking”可知，102岁的RomayDavis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。故选B项。22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：102岁的RomayDavis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。A.work工作；B.shopping购物；C.pleasure快乐；D.fun乐。根据下文“butshehasn'tletthatstopherfromworking”以及“gobacktoworkandwas____12____bythegrocerystoreinWinn-Dixiein2001attheageof82”可知，102岁的RomayDavis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。故选A项。,【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，在黑人历史月，Davis因她的贡献而受到表彰，一项拨款以她的名字命名。A.jobs工作；B.ages年龄；C.stores商店；D.contributions贡献。根据“Davisisbeinghonoredforher”以及“sheisapioneerherself”可知，Davis因她的贡献而受到表彰。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过RomayDavis赠款计划，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。A.criticism批评；B.support支持；C.benefit益处；D.information信息。根据“ThroughtheRomayDavisGrantProgram”可知，慈善机构获得支持。故选B项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过RomayDavis赠款计划，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。A.justice公平；B.skill技能；C.life生活；D.development发展。根据“racialequality”可知，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。故选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Davis名副其实，因为她自己就是个先锋。A.fond喜欢的；B.aware有意识的；C.worthy值得的；D.sure确定的。根据“assheisapioneerherself”可知，Davis名副其实。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二次世界大战期间，她在第一支驻扎于海外的全黑人女兵部队服役。A.required要求；B.rooted根植于；C.organized组织；D.stationed使驻扎。根据“overseasduringWorldWarII.”可知，她在第一支驻扎于海外的全黑人女兵部队服役。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：战后，她开始了自己的时尚生涯，在纽约当了30年的模特设计师。A.style风格；B.career职业；C.study学习；D.adventure冒险。根据“asadesignerinmodelinNewYorkfor30years.”可知，，她开始了自己的时尚生涯。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的一生中，她还取得了其他里程碑式的成就，包括硕士学位、跆拳道黑带等。A.missed错过；B.found发现；C.planned计划；D.achieved完成，获得。根据“includingamaster'sdegree,BlackBeltinTaekwondo（跆拳道）andmore.”可知，在她的一生中，她还取得了其他里程碑式的成就。故选D项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在1982年第一次退休。A.fought打仗；B.pursued追求；C.retired退休；D.failed失败。根据下文“gobacktowork”可知，她在1982年第一次退休。故选C,项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位，并于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。A.refused拒绝；B.feared害怕；C.mentioned提及；D.decided决定。根据上文“Afterherhusbanddiedin2001”可知，2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位。故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位，并于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。A.hired雇佣；B.met见面；C.paid支付；D.offered提供。根据上文“gobacktowork”可知，她于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2019年，RomayDavis庆祝了她的100岁生日。A.celebrated庆祝；B.passe通过；C.interviewed面试；D.employed雇佣。根据下文“celebrate”可知，RomayDavis庆祝了她的100岁生日。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动，她激励其他人做到最好。A.sympathy同情；B.independence独立；C.devotion热爱；D.dream梦想。根据下文“strongworkethic（职业道德）”以及上文“contributions”可知，我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动，她激励其他人做到最好。A.reminds提醒；B.inspires鼓励；C.advises建议；D.leads引导。根据上文“weareallmoved”可知，她激励其他人做到最好。故选B项。第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式Xi'an,orChang'anasitwascalledformanycenturies,hasbeenabuilt-upurbanareaforover3,000years,andonce____36____（serve）ascapitalfor13dynasties.Itishome____37____manyimmovableculturalheritages,threeof____38____areontheUNESCO'sworldculturalheritagelist.Thesedays,thecityhasmade____39____（effect）explorationinbuildingmodernitywhilepreservinghistoricallegacy（遗产）.Arecentpieceofnews____40____（announce）byShaanxi'sculturalrelicauthoritycausednationwideattention,thataruinofancientcapitaldatingbacktoQinDynastywasunearthedduringtheconstructionoftheXi'anMetroLine5.Inordertoprotecttheruin,themetrolinemayhavetochange____41____（it）route.,____42____（face）theheavyandimportanttaskofprotectingculturalrelicswhilepromotingurbanconstruction,Xi’anmadeactive____43____（attempt）.Railsofthemetrosystemarebuilt15to20metersundergroundinordertoprotecttheancienttombswhichare____44____（usual）buriedinthelayerwithin5metersfromthesurfacelevel.Besides,themetroconstructorshavealsopaintedthewallsinsidethestationswithhistoricalstories,presenting_____45_____visualfeastforcitizens.【答案】36.served37.to38.which39.effective40.announced41.its42.Facing43.attempts44.usually45.a【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了西安这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时，对建筑代化进行了有效的探索。【36题详解】考查时态。句意：西安，又称长安，已有3000多年的历史，曾是13个朝代的都城。根据“once”可知，and之后的句子为一般过去时。故填served。【37题详解】考查介词。句意：这里有许多不可移动的文化遗产，其中三处已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。behometo“某地是……的所在地”故填to。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这里有许多不可移动的文化遗产，其中三处已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。immovableculturalheritages为先行词，做非限制性定语从句的of的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：如今，这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时，对建筑现代化进行了有效的探索。形容词effective修饰名词exploration。故填effective。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：陕西省文物局最近公布的一则消息引起了全国的关注，在西安地铁5号线的建设过程中，发现了一处可以追溯到秦朝的古都遗址。本句填非谓语动词，.Arecentpieceofnews与announce在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填announced。【41题详解】,考查代词。句意：为了保护遗址，地铁线路可能不得不改变路线。形容词性物主代词修饰名词route。故填its。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对保护文物和推进城市建设的重任，西安作出了积极的尝试。分析句子可知，本句填非谓语动词，Xi’an与face在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Facing。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：面对保护文物和推进城市建设的重任，西安作出了积极的尝试。attempt为可数名词，无不定冠词修饰和限定，应用复数。故填attempts。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：为了保护通常埋在地下5米以内的古墓，地铁系统的轨道铺在地下15-20米的地方。副词usually修饰动词buried。故填usually。【45题详解】考查冠词。句意：此外，地铁施工人员还在车站内的墙壁上绘制了历史故事，为市民提供了一场视觉盛宴。feast为可数名词，本句泛指“一场视觉盛宴”，visual首字母的发音为辅音音素。冠词为a。故填a。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.Sportteachesyoucharacter.Itteachesyoutoplaybyrulesanditteachesyoutoknowwhatitfeelsliketowinandlose—itteachesyouaboutlife.—BillieJeanKingBillieJeanKing的话很有启示意义。请结合你的个人经历写一篇短文，表达你的观点。注意：1.词数80左右；2.请在答题卡相应位置作答。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Weallwanttowinandknowwhatitisliketolose.Sixweeksago,Iparticipatedinacitymarathonforamateurswhichwasbeingorganizedtohelpraisemoneyforcharity.Iranmyracerelaxedandconfident,,eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtestedlikeneverbefore.Ididn'tcareabouttheresult.,Almostnobodylikestocomesecond,butwhetheryoucomefirstorlast,itisimportanttorememberthatatanysportingevent,youfacetwoopponents:yourfellowcompetitionsandyourself.Atruesportspersonwillmaketherightdecisionsfortherightreasonsandneverworryaboutfailure.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文，要求考生针对BillieJeanKing那句有启示意义的话，结合自己的个人经历写一篇短文，表达自己的观点。【详解】1.词汇积累失败：bedefeated→lose参加：takepartin→participatein即使：evenif=eventhough关心：beconcernedabout→careabout2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Ididn'tcareabouttheresult.拓展句：AslongasItriedmybest,Ididn'tcareabouttheresult.【点睛】.[高分句型1]Sixweeksago,Iparticipatedinacitymarathonforamateurswhichwasbeingorganizedtohelpraisemoneyforcharity(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]Iranmyracerelaxedandconfident,eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtestedlikeneverbefore.(运用了eventhough引导让步状语从句)第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。InthemidstoftheCOVID-19pandemic,JuliaKochbeganwhatwasonlyhersecondyearasafirstgradeteacherinavirtualclassroomatEdgewoodElementarySchoolinMuskegonHeights,Michigan.Virtuallearningwasachallengeacrossthecountry.Itwasanewclassmodeforstudentstoadaptto,especiallywhenitcametothelearningtools,butithelpedthecommunitygrowcloser.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandtheirfamiliesincasetheyneededextrahelp.Sometimes,theexchangewasliterallylife-changing.OneSeptemberafternoonafewweeksintotheschoolyear,JuliareceivedacallfromCynthiaPhillips,whowashavingtechnicaldifficultieswithhergranddaughter'stoolsforonlinelearning.AsCynthiaexplainedwhattheproblemswere,Juliasensedsomethingwaswrongwithher.Thetwowomenhadspokennumeroustimesbefore,butJuliahadneverheardthegrandmothersoundquiteabnormallikethis.Cynthia'swordsweresojumbled(混乱的)thatJuliacouldbarelyunderstandher.Juliarepeatedlyasked,"What'shappenedtoyou?AreyouOK?",andthegrandmotherutteredsomethingbrokenly.Juliastoodstill,tryingherbesttoidentifythegrandmother'sphysicalconditionbywhatshe,heardonthephone.Eventually,shemadeoutthatCynthiahadfallenfourtimesthatday.JuliasuspectedCynthiamightbehavingastroke(中风)—sherecognizedthesignsasherownfatherhadsufferedonebefore.Sheheardtheword'kids'andimmediatelybecamemoreconcerned.Cynthia'stwograndchildren,EmilyandSusan,wereonlyagedsixandeight.Theywereprobablyhomealonewithher—sheistheirprimaryguardian.Ifsomethingurgenthappened,nobodyinthehomecouldhandleit.Immediateactionswererequired.Withoutthinkingtwice,JuliaquicklydialledthenumberofEMTs(emergencymedicaltechnicians).注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Then,Juliadroppedeverythinganddrovetothefamily'shome.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whilethegrandmotherwasinhospital,Juliabecamemuchbusier.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Then,Juliadroppedeverythinganddrovetothefamily'shome.Whenshepulleduplessthantenminuteslater,thedoctorsweretreatingPhilipswhilethetwogirls,lookingvisiblyshaken,wereoutsidewithaneighbor.ThequickresponsefromJuliasavedPhillips’life.Shewasrushedtothehospitalintimetogettreatmentbeforechronicdamageoccurred.Whilethegrandmotherwasinhospital,Juliabecamemuchbusier.Becausethechild'sparentswereoutoftown,theycouldn’tcomebackduetoblockade.JuliahadtogivethechildrenonlinelessonsandwenttothehospitaltotakecareofPhilips.Thankstoanextendedstayinhospital,Phillipsregainedmostofthemovement.Onthedayofleavinghospital,shesaidtoJulia“Ifitweren’tforyou,Iwouldn’t’behere.Ican'tthankyouenough.”Withtearsineyes,Juliaresponded“Lady,thisiswhatweshoulddo.Inmytwoyearsasateacher,itwasthemostmeaningfulthingIhadeverdone.Iamsogladtoseeyourecover.”Afterthat,Phillipsgaveherawarmhug.【解析】,【分析】这是一篇读后续写。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了新冠期间老师Julia和Phillips交流时，发现她和往常不一样，说话不太清楚。Julia怀疑她可能是中风，考虑到身边只有两个孙女在，Julia立即驱车前往Phillips家。【详解】1.段落续写①根据段首句子“然后，Julia放下一切前往这家人的住所”可知，接下来可描述Julia到Phillips家后看到了什么。②根据段首句子“当那个祖母住院时，Julia变得更忙了”可知，接下来可描述Julia在忙什么，以及Phillips对Julia的感激。2.续写线索：去Phillips家——打电话给急救中心——医生现场抢救——送往医院——Julia忙着上课和照顾Phillips——Phillips恢复——Phillips对Julia表示感谢3.词类激活动作类：①停车：pullup/park②发生：occur/happen/takeplace③回来：comeback/return④回答：respond/reply情绪类①感激：thank/appreciate/showgratitude②高兴的：glad/happy/delighted【点睛】[高分句型1]Shewasrushedtothehospitalintimetogettreatmentbeforechronicdamageoccurred.（运用了不定式作目的状语及before引导时间状语从句）[高分句型2]Inmytwoyearsasateacher,itwasthemostmeaningfulthingIhadeverdone.（运用了定语从句，省略了关系代词that）