江苏省泰州市2021届高三上学期期初检测英语试题 Word版含解析

泰州市2020~2021学年度高三年级第一学期期初检测英语试题（满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟）注意事项:考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。1.本试卷共14页，包含选择题、非选择题两部分。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。2.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置上。3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符。4.作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。作答非选择题，必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThegovernmentofNorwayisplanningtobuildanunusualstoragecenteronanislandintheArcticOcean.Theplacewouldbelargeenoughtoholdabouttwomillionseeds.Thegoalistorepresentallcropsknowntoscientists.TheBritishmagazineNewScientistpublisheddetailsoftheplanlastmonth.Thestructurewillbedesignedtoprotecttheworld’sfoodsupplyagainstnuclearwar,climatechangeandotherpossiblethreats.ItwillbebuiltinamountainontheNorwegianislandofSpitsbergen.ThemountainislessthanonethousandkilometersfromtheNorthPole,thenorthernmostpositiononEarth.AninternationalgroupcalledtheGlobalCropDiversityTrustisworkingontheproject.Thedirectorofthegroup,CaryFowler,spoketoNewScientist.Hesaidtheprojectwouldlettheworldrebuildagricultureifinhiswords“theworstcametotheworst”.Norwayisexpectedtostartworknextyear.Theprojectisexpectedtocostthreemilliondollars.Workerswilldrilldeepinthesideofasandstonemountain.TemperaturesintheareaneverriseabovezerodegreesCelsius.Theseedswillbeprotectedbehindconcretewallsameterthickandhigh-securitydoors.Themagazinereportsaysthecollectionwillrepresenttheproductsoftenthousandyearsoffarming.MostoftheseedsatfirstwillcomefromcollectionsatseedbanksinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.Tolastalongtime,seedsneedtobekeptinverylowtemperatures.Workerswillnotbe,presentallthetime.Buttheyplantoreplacetheairinsidethestoragespaceeachwinter.WintertemperaturesontheislandareabouteighteendegreesbelowzeroCelsius.Thecoldweatherwouldprotecttheseedseveniftheaircouldnotbereplaced.Mr.Fowlersaystheproposedstructurewillbetheworld’smostsecuregenebank.Hesaystheplantseedswouldonlybeusedwhenallotherseedsaregoneforsomereason.Norwayfirstproposedtheideainthe1980s.Butsecurityconcernsdelayedtheplan.Atthattime,theSovietUnionwaspermitteduseofSpitsbergen.NewScientistsaystheplanwonUnitedNationsapprovalinOctoberatameetinginRomeoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganization.1.Theprojectismeantto_____.A.increasetheworld’sfoodproductioninthefutureB.carryoutsomescientificexperimentsonplantgenesC.protectcropseedsfromdyingoutincaseofpossibledisastersD.buildanexhibitioncentreoftheworld’splantseeds2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheabovepassage?A.ThegovernmentofNorwaywillperformtheprojectalone.B.Seedstobecollectedtherewereproducedtenthousandyearsago.C.Spitsbergenischosenbecauseitisawayfromthethreatofunclearwarforever.D.Temperatureisamajorconsiderationwhenchoosingthestorageplace.3.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_____.A.Peoplewillgetnewly-developedseedsfromthecentereveryyearB.ThestoragecenterwillgreatlypromotethedevelopmentofworldagricultureC.Norwaymeanttohavebuiltthestoragecentremorethan20yearsagoD.Therehaven’tbeenanyseedstoragecentersintheworldbefore4.Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.Noah’sArkofPlantSeedsinPlanB.TheBestPlacetoStoreSeedsC.ConcernsofWorldFoodSupplyD.ANewWaytoFeedtheWorld【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.A【解析】,这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了挪威的政府想要在北冰洋建造一个不同寻常的能存储两亿种子的存储中心，能够用来抵抗核战争。并且对这个计划进行了详细的介绍，而存在里面的种子则会在所有种子都因为某种原因用尽的情况下被拿出来用。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中提到“Thestructurewillbedesignedtoprotecttheworld’sfoodsupplyagainstnuclearwar,climatechangeandotherpossiblethreats.”该结构的设计是为了保护世界粮食供应不受核战争、气候变化和其他可能的威胁。所以这个项目的目的是保护种子不受灾难的影响而灭绝。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。第三段中提到“Tolastalongtime,seedsneedtobekeptinverylowtemperatures.”为储存长点时间，种子需要在极低温度下储藏。所以温度是选择储藏地点最主要的因素。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。最后一段提到“Norwayfirstproposedtheideainthe1980s.”挪威最早是在八十年代提出这个议案的，迄今已有二十年左右的历史了。由此判断出挪威早在20多年前就打算建造这个存储中心。故选C项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ThegovernmentofNorwayisplanningtobuildanunusualstoragecenteronanislandintheArcticOcean.Theplacewouldbelargeenoughtoholdabouttwomillionseeds.”挪威政府公司计划在北冰洋的一个小岛上建造一个不同寻常的储存中心，这个地方将足够容纳大约200万颗种子。结合短文主要讲述了挪威的政府想要在北冰洋建造一个不同寻常的能存储两亿种子的存储中心，能够用来抵抗核战争。并且对这个计划进行了详细的介绍，而存在里面的种子则会在所有种子都因为某种原因用尽的情况下被拿出来用。故最佳标题为“诺亚方舟计划中的植物种子”。故选A项。BResearchershavejustofferedevidenceinastudythatsaysobesityappearstospreadthroughsocialties,muchlikeavirus.Whenonepersongainsweight,theirclosefriendsoftenfollow.Butthefindingmightalsoofferhope.Iffriendshelpmakeobesityacceptable,thenmightalsobeinfluentialinlosingthefat.Theresearchersnotethatsupportgroupsarealreadyaneffectivetoolindealingwithothersocially,influencedproblems,likealcoholism.ThefindingsappearedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,Theresearchersusedinformationcollectedfrom12,000people.Itwascollectedbetween1971and2003aspartoftheFraminghamHeartStudy.Theinformationwashighlydetailed.Therewasevencontactinformationforclosefriendsofthepeopleinthestudy.Theresearchersexaminedmorethan40,000socialties.Theyfoundthataperson’schancesofbecomingseverelyoverweightincreasedby57%ifafriendhadbecomeobese.Asisterorbrotherofapersonwhobecameobesehada40%increasedchanceofbecomingobese.Theriskforawifeorhusbandwasalittlelessthanthat.NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchoolwasaleadinvestigatorinthestudy.Hesaysthereisadirectcausalrelationshipbetweenapersongettingfatandbeingfollowedinweightgainbyafriend.Thestudyfoundthatthesexofthefriendswasalsoaninfluence.Insame-sexfriendshipsapersonhada70%increasedriskofbecomingobese.Menhada44%increasedriskofbecomingobeseafterweightgaininbrother.Insisters,itwas67%.Theresearchersalsoconsideredtheeffectofwherepeoplelivedinrelationtoeachother.JamesFowleroftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,wastheotherleadinvestigator.Hesaysafriendwholivesafewhundredkilometersawayhasasmuchinfluenceasoneinthesameneighborhood.Hesaysthestudydemonstratestheneedtoconsiderthatamajorpartofpeople’shealthistiedtotheirsocialconnections.Bothinvestigatorssaytheirresearchshowsthatobesityisnotjustaprivatemedicalissue,butapublichealthproblem.5.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2mean?A.Obesityhasanegativeinfluenceonaclosefriend.B.Friendsmightalsoplayapartinlosingweight.C.Onemighthaveapositiveinfluenceonone’sfriend.D.Friendsusuallydon’tfolloweachothertoloseweight.6.Whoismostlylikelytogainweight?A.AmanwhohasafatbrotherB.Ahusbandwhohasafatwife,C.AwifewhohasafathusbandD.Awomanwhohasafatfemalefriend7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesn’tthepassageagreewith?A.Youaresuretoloseweightifyouhaveaskinnyfriend.B.Ifonegainsweight,one’sfriendsarelikelytogetfat.C.Aperson’shealthiscloselylinkedwithhis/hersocialrelationship.D.Evenifthefriendlivesfaraway,theinfluencestillremains.8.Thereasonwhythestudyinvolvesbothfamilymembersandfriendsisthat_______.A.researchersfailtofindamoredifferentsampleB.researchershavedifferentideasforfamilymembersandfriendsC.researcherscanmeetthesepeopleregularlyD.researcherscancomparetheresults【答案】5.B6.D7.A8.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，肥胖会通过社会关系来传染。【5题详解】词句猜测题。由第二段首句“Iffriendshelpmakeobesityacceptable,thenmightalsobeinfluentialinlosingthefat.”（如果朋友们帮助人们接受肥胖，那么对减肥也可能有影响。），可知朋友不仅让人接受肥胖，而且也可能在减肥中起作用。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Thestudyfoundthatthesexofthefriendswasalsoaninfluence.Insame-sexfriendshipsapersonhada70%increasedriskofbecomingobese.Menhada44%increasedriskofbecomingobeseafterweightgaininbrother.Insisters,itwas67%.”（研究发现，朋友的性别也是一个影响因素。在同性友谊中，一个人肥胖的风险增加了70%。在兄弟体重增加后，男性肥胖的风险增加了44%。在姐妹中，这一比例为67%。），可知有一个肥胖的女性朋友的人最容易发胖。故选D项。【7题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Whenonepersongainsweight,theirclosefriendsoftenfollow.”（当一个人体重增加时，他们的密友们也会跟着来。），B项正确；由倒数第二段中的“Hesaysthestudydemonstratestheneedtoconsiderthatamajorpartofpeople’shealthistiedtotheirsocialconnections.,”（他说，这项研究表明，有必要考虑到人们健康的主要部分与他们的社会关系有关。），C项正确；由倒数第二段中的“Hesaysafriendwholivesafewhundredkilometersawayhasasmuchinfluenceasoneinthesameneighborhood.”（他说一个住在几百公里外的朋友的影响力和住在同一个社区的朋友一样大。），D项正确；A项未提及。故选A项。【8题详解】推理判断题。由第二段首句“Iffriendshelpmakeobesityacceptable,thenmightalsobeinfluentialinlosingthefat.”（如果朋友们帮助人们接受肥胖，那么对减肥也可能有影响。），倒数第三段Thestudyfoundthatthesexofthefriendswasalsoaninfluence.Insame-sexfriendshipsapersonhada70%increasedriskofbecomingobese.Menhada44%increasedriskofbecomingobeseafterweightgaininbrother.Insisters,itwas67%.研究发现，朋友的性别也是一个影响。在同性友谊中，一个人变胖的风险增加了70%。兄弟体重增加后，男性肥胖的风险增加了44%。在姐妹中，这一比例为67%。可推断出这项研究之所以涉及家庭成员和朋友，是因为研究人员可以比较结果。故选D项。CTimespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable,whetheryouareabook-loverormerelygotheretobuyabookasapresent.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasuddenshower.Whateverthereason,youcansoonbecometotallyunawareofyoursurroundings.Thedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedustjacketisirresistible,althoughthismethodofselectionoughtnottobefollowed,asyoumightendupwitharatherdullbook.Yousoonbecomeinterestedinsomebookorother,andusuallyitisonlymuchlaterthatyourealizeyouhavespentfartoomuchtimethereandmustdashofftokeepsomeforgottenappointment—withoutbuyingabook,ofcourse.Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart’scontent.Ifitisagoodshop,noassistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:“CanIhelpyou,sir?”Youneedn’tbuyanythingyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Thenandonlythen,arehisservicesnecessary.Ofcourse,youmaywanttofindoutwhereaparticularsectionis,butwhenhehasledyouthere,theassistantshouldretirediscreetlyandlookasifheisnotinterestedinsellingasinglebook.Youhavetobecarefulnottobeattractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasy,toentertheshoplookingforabookon,sayancientcoinsandcomeoutcarryingacopyofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing-somethingwhichhadonlyslightlyinterestedyouuptillthen.Thisvolumeofthesubject,however,happenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetextyoureadprovedsointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthingcanbeverydangerous.Apartfromrunningupahugeaccount,youcanwasteagreatdealoftimewanderingfromsectiontosection.9.Theunderlinedphrase“dustjacket”means_______.A.akindofclothesB.apapercoverofbookC.adustybookD.atitleofabook10.Youmayspendtoomuchtimeinabookshopbecause_______.A.thedustjacketsareveryattractiveB.youstartreadingoneofthebooksC.itisrainingoutsideD.youhavetomakesureyouwon’tbuyadullbookasapresent11.Inagoodbookshop_______.A.allthebooksthereareinterestingB.theassistantgreetsyouinawarmwayC.yourheartissatisfiedD.youfeelthatyouareinamusicshop12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe_____.A.TheAttractionofBookshopsB.HowtoSpendYourTimeC.BookshopsandTheirAssistantsD.HowtoselectBooks?【答案】9.B10.B11.C12.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。在书店里度过的时光是非常愉快的。不管你出于何种原因进入书店，你总会不知不觉的被它所吸引。文章主要叙述了书店的迷人之处。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据此句Thedesiretopickupabookwithanattractive dust-jacketisirresistible,althoughthismethodofselectionoughtnottobefollowed,asyoumightendupwitharatherdullbook.所表达的意思，想要找一本有吸引人的封面的书是不可抗拒的，尽管这种方法不应该被仿照，因为你可能结果发现这是一本相当无趣的书。由此可知，划线部分的意思是“书的封面’’。故选B。,【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Yousoonbecomeabsorbedinsomebookorother,andusually……”可看出你可能在书店花费时间太长是因为你专注于读某本书，故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.可知，这种逃避日常生活的机会，我认为，是书店的主要吸引力。由此可推知，一个好的书店能满足我们心里的想法。故选C。【12题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合倒数第二段Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.和最后一段第一句Youhavetobecarefulnottobeattractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.可知，文章介绍书店吸引人之处。故选A。DWindowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedgetechnology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaturnofaswitch.“Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis”saysClaesGranqvist,aprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityInSweden.“It’scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell,”So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey’restuckindoors.Yetwindowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit’shotandsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing,andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusesometechnologiesinvolving,changesofcolor.Electrochromicwindowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersoftungstenoxideworksbitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved.Thatis,whentheamountofvoltageisdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit’scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof“memory”.Allittakesisasmallshockofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed.“Inthefuture,”Granqvistsays,“ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent.”13.Whichstatementdosenotindicatetheimportanceofwindowsasdescribedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Windowscanchangefromcleartodarktosaveenergy.B.Windowshelptosaveenergybylettinglightin.C.Windowshelptosaveenergybyprovidingheat.D.Windowsenablepeopletohavecontactwiththeoutsideworld.14.Accordingtothepassage,smartwindowsarewindows　　　　　.A.thatarecoatedB.thatuseelectricityC.thecolorofwhichcanbechangedD.thathavemanylayers15.Tomakeelectrochromicwindowschangecolor,whatisappliedtothewindowglass?A.ElectricityB.TungstenoxideC.AbatteryD.Avoltage【答案】13.A14.C15.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对智能窗户的研究情况。窗户透光，但不隔热，因此它成为能源研究者们的研究对象；研究人员致力于研究一种新技术，使窗户在隔热和透光方面能随着人们的需要而调整，这意味着将来人们可能不再需要使用空调。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthat,enableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaturnofaswitch.可知，研究人员现在正在研究新技术，只要转动开关，窗户就能迅速从明暗变暗。由此可知，窗户可以由亮变暗以节省能源是一项正在被研究的新技术，这并不是窗户的重要性。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusesometechnologiesinvolvingchangesofcolor.可知，智能窗是可以改变颜色的窗户。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Electrochromicwindowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersoftungstenoxideworksbitlikeabattery.可知，电变色窗户是用电来改变颜色的。例如，一块涂有薄层氧化钨的玻璃就像电池一样工作。由此可知，为了使电变色窗户改变颜色，氧化钨被应用在窗户玻璃上。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AboutayearagoIspentthenightatmycousinshouse,itwasabout2a.m.andIheardanoisecomingfromoutside.___16___IwasabouttogetuptotellherwhenallofasuddenIcouldn’tmove.AfterthatincidentitalwayshappenedwhenIwasabouttogotosleep,halfawakeorhalfasleep.___17___Forexample,lastnightIwokeupduringthenightaround3:30asusual.Icontinuedtofallbacktosleep.AssoonasIshutmyeyes,andwashalfway’sasleep,Istartedtohearasound.___18___Yet,Iwasabletofeelmyselftryingtofightit.IdidtheroutineofprayingtoGodandmyunclewhopassedaway.___19___Ithoughtsinceithappenedonceitwouldn’thappenagain,butIwaswrong,thesamethinghappened.IalwayswonderwhatwouldhappenifIdon’tfightit.Ithinkithappenstomeatthattimebecausethat’satimewhenIammosteasilyattacked;___20___I’mthinkingtheydoitatthattimebecausetheythinkI’mgoingtogiveinandnotfightback.IfanyoneofyouhasdealtwithwhatIhaveexperienced,canyoutellmewhatIshoulddo?A.Sometimesithappenedtome3timesanight.B.I’msosleepyandIdon’twanttowakeup.C.Butitcametomyheadandtouchedme.,D.Itsoundedasifsomeonewasopeninghergateinthedark.E.IamsoscaredthatIcan’tfallasleepatonce.F.ItriedtomovebutIcouldn’t.G.ItstoppedsecondsafterandIfeltrelieved.【答案】16.D17.A18.F19.G20.E【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者与让自己睡不好觉的“半夜的开门声”抗争的故事以及作者的感悟。【16题详解】空前说半夜的时候，我听到外面传来一阵声响，空后又说我想起来告诉她，因此此处描述这阵声响听起来是什么样子的，故D项（听起来好像有人在黑暗中开门）符合语境。【17题详解】空前说那件事之后，我总是在睡觉的时候听到外面有开门声，此处是对这种情况的进一步说明，讲的是有时甚至一晚上会发生好几次这样的情况，A项中的“happened”与空前的“happened”相一致，故A项（有时候这种情况一晚上会发生三次）符合语境。【18题详解】空前说昨晚我像往常一样在夜里3点半左右就醒了，当我准备接着睡的时候我又听到了声响，此处承接上文，讲的是我当时的反应——想动却动不了，上文中的“IwasabouttogetuptotellherwhenallofasuddenIcouldn’tmove.”（我想要起身告诉她，突然间却动弹不得）也是提示，故F项（我试着移动，但却动不了）符合语境。19题详解】空前说我照例向上帝和我过世的叔叔祈祷，此处承接上文，讲的是在我祈祷后不久，声响就停止了，故G项（几秒钟后它就停了下来，我感到松了一口气）符合语境。【20题详解】空前说我想那件事那时候发生在我身上是因为那是我最容易受到攻击的时候，分号表明此处应该会提到与“最容易受到攻击”并列的一种情况，即：我太害怕了以致不能马上入睡，所以才会让半夜的敲门声有机可乘——影响我睡觉，故E项（我害怕得不能马上入睡）符合语境。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）,阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Atthemid-Mayin2018,the69year-oldamputee(破截肢者）XiaBoyufinallystoodproudontwoartificiallegsonthepeakofMountQomolangma,asymbolshowcasingtotheworldthepowerof___21___Morethan40yearsago,Xia___22___bothofhisfeettofrostbiteafterlendinghissleepingbagtoateammemberduringthetriptoclimbMountQomolangma.Eventhoughartificiallegswerenot___23___inChinaatthetime,Xiastrongly___24___thathewouldonedayfulfillhis___25___dreamandso,beforethatdaycame,thebestthingtodowasto___26___himselfbytrainingconstantly.Threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs,whichenabledhimto___27___hissportscareer.However,fateonceagaintooka___28___turnwhenhewasinhis40s.In1993,illnessdevelopedonthestumps(残肢）onhislegs,whichrequired___29___thirdofhislowerlegsbeamputated.Threeyearsafterthat,hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.Overtheyears,XianevergaveuphisdreamofclimbingMountQomolangma.___30___tohisfinalsuccessfulclimbin2018,hehadtriedfourothertimestoclimbtothesummit,buteachtimeLadyLuckgavehimthe___31___Thelasttimehe___32___hisdreamwasin2016.Thethen67-year-oldwasonly94metersfromthesummit,butasnowstorm___33___hisway.Takinghisteammembers'___34___intoconsideration,Xiamadethe___35___decisiontogoback.OnMay14,Xiafelt___36___andastrongsenseoffulfillment___37___inhim,standingonthepeakofthehighestmountainintheworld.“Thekeyistofocusonyourdreams,insteadofthe___38___youencounteralongtheway.Ididn'tregretanythingthatIhaddoneandacceptedeverythingthatlifehad___39___me,butIneverstoppedfightingagainst___40___,”Xiasaid,stressingthatfulfillingone'sdreamhasnothingtodowithage,disabilityorthethoughtsorexpectationsofothers,butafirmbeliefinyourself.21.A.strengthB.confidenceC.dreamsD.mind22.A.lostB.gaveC.costD.paid23.A.affordableB.availableC.acceptableD.reachable,24.A.confirmedB.assuredC.believedD.suspected25.A.unchallengedB.unfinishedC.unsolvedD.unreached26.A.pressureB.presentC.prepareD.preserve27.A.continueB.beginC.completeD.take28.A.suddenB.sharpC.goodD.dark29.A.oneB.otherC.theotherD.another30.A.BackB.ContraryC.PreviousD.Similar31.A.coldshoulderB.redcarpetC.toughnutD.laststraw32.A.puteffortintoB.gotclosetoC.devotedhimselftoD.threwhimselfinto33.A.blanketedB.bathedC.blockedD.smoothed34.A.safetyB.honorC.creditD.struggle35.A.finalB.heartbreakingC.wiseD.disappointing36.A.tirednessB.reliefC.painD.loneliness37.A.showedupB.welledupC.cameupD.sprangup38.A.distrustB.doubtC.criticismD.hardships39.A.thrownatB.providedforC.arrangedforD.distributedto40.A.challengesB.fateC.fearD.mischiefs【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.C25.B26.C27.A28.D29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.A35.B36.B37.B38.D39.,A40.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了夏伯宇不断尝试登上珠穆朗玛峰的经历。终于在2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢者夏伯宇用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，向世界展示了梦想的力量。这告诉我们：实现梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，只与自己坚定的信念有关。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢者夏伯玉终于用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰上，向世界展示了梦想的力量。A.strength力量，长处；B.confidence自信；C.dreams梦想；D.mind思想，思维。根据the69year-oldamputeeXiaBoyufinallystoodproudontwoartificiallegsonthepeakofMountQomolangma可知，此处表示梦想的力量。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：40多年前，在攀登珠穆朗玛峰的过程中，夏把睡袋借给队友，结果双脚被冻伤，失去了双脚。A.lost失去；B.gave给；C.cost花费；D.paid支付。根据stoodproudontwoartificiallegs可知此处表示失去了双腿。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。A.affordable负担得起；B.available可获得的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.reachable可获得的，可达成的。根据下文Threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs可知那时还没有假肢。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。A.confirmed确认，坚定；B.assured弄清；C.believed相信；D.suspected怀疑。根据oneday可知此处表示他坚信那一天会到来。故选C。【25题详解】,考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。A.unchallenged没有挑战的；B.unfinished未完成的；C.unsolved未解决的；D.unreached未达到的。根据beforethatdaycame可知此处表示未完成的梦想。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。A.pressure施压；B.present呈现；C.prepare准备；D.preserve保存。根据bytrainingconstantly可知此处表示他通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三年后，他终于有了新的双腿，这使他能够继续他的运动生涯。A.continue继续；B.begin开始；C.complete完成；D.take拿，带走。根据Threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs可知此处表示他能够继续他的运动生涯。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他40多岁的时候，命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。A.sudden突然的；B.sharp急剧的，尖的；C.good好的；D.dark黑暗的。根据下文Threeyearsafterthat,hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.可知此处表示命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。故选D。【29题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：1993年，他腿上的残肢开始发病，又有三分之一的小腿被截肢。A.one一个；B.other其它的；C.theother其它的；D.another另一个的。根据thirdofhislowerlegsbeamputated可知此处表示又有三分之一的小腿被截肢。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾尝试过另外四次登顶，但每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。A.Back后面的；B.Contrary相反的；C.Previous以前的，早先的；D.Similar相似的。根据hehadtriedfourothertimestoclimbtothesummit可知表示在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前。故选C。【31题详解】考查情景交际。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾尝试过另外四次登顶，但每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。A.coldshoulder冷遇，闭门羹；B.redcarpet红地毯；C.toughnut大胆果断的人，暴躁的人；D.laststraw最后一根稻草，最后一击。根据转折词but,可知此处表示每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。故选A。【32题详解】1考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他最后一次接近自己的梦想是在2016年。A.puteffortinto把精力花费在；B.gotcloseto接近，靠近；C.devotedhimselfto致力于，献身于；D.threwhimselfinto积极从事。根据下文Thethen67-year-oldwasonly94metersfromthesummit可知此处表示2016年是他最后一次接近自己的梦想。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时67岁的他距离峰顶只有94米，但是一场暴风雪挡住了他的去路。A.blanketed覆盖，遮掩；B.bathed沐浴；C.blocked阻塞；D.smoothed使顺利，缓和。根据butasnowstorm可知此处表示暴风雪挡住了他的去路。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到队员的安全，夏做出了令人心碎的决定，回去。A.safety安全；B.honor荣誉；C.credit信用，信誉；D.struggle挣扎，冲突。根据上文asnowstorm可知此处表示考虑到队员的安全。故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到队员的安全，夏做出了令人心碎的决定，回去。A.final最后的；B.heartbreaking令人心碎的；C.wise聪明的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根据decisiontogoback可知这个决定是令他心碎的。故选B。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：5月14日，站在世界最高峰的山顶上，夏如释重负，一种强烈的成就感油然而生。A.tiredness疲倦；B.relief解除；C.pain痛苦；D.loneliness孤独根据standingonthepeakofthehighestmountainintheworld可知此处表示此时他如释重负。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：5月14日，站在世界最高峰的山顶上，夏如释重负，一种强烈的成就感油然而生。A.showedup出现，露面；B.welledup涌现，流露，萌发；C.cameup走近，发生，开始，上升，发芽，被提出；D.sprangup出现，涌现，萌芽。根据astrongsenseoffulfillment可知此处表示一种强烈的成就感涌现出来了。故选B。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键是要专注于你的梦想，而不是你一路上遇到的困难。Adistrust,不相信；B.doubt怀疑；C.criticism批评；D.hardships困难。根据insteadof和youencounteralongtheway可知此处表示一路上遇到的困难。故选D。【39题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“我不后悔我所做的东西，接受生活扔向我的一切，但我从未停止过反抗命运”，夏说，强调实现一个人的梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，但与自己坚定的信念有关。A.thrownat扔向，掷向，向……投去；B.providedfor供养，供给，规定，为…作准备；C.arrangedfor为……作安排，为……作准备；D.distributedto分配给，分发给。根据acceptedeverything可知此处接受生活扔向我的一切。表示故选A。40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不后悔我所做的东西，接受生活扔向我的一切，但我从未停止过反抗命运，”夏说，强调实现一个人的梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，但与自己坚定的信念有关。A.challenges挑战；B.fate命运；C.fear害怕；D.mischiefs恶作剧，淘气。根据fightingagainst可知此处表示与命运作斗争，反抗命运。故选B。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第2小题要求判断他的双腿怎么了，根据stoodproudontwoartificiallegs可知此处表示他失去了双腿。故选A项。第8小题要求判断命运发生了什么转折，根据下文Threeyearsafterthat,hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.可知此处表示命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WithChinesehitbyquarantine（隔离期）andtravelrestrictionsaswellasjustcautiousaboutgoingouttotheshopsduetothecoronavirusepidemic（流行病），companiesinChinaareexperimentingwithnewtrickstomakesales.OilgiantSinopec—keentogetcustomersbackintheircarsandhelpfarmersduetoroadblocks—____41____(launch)anewprojectlastmonthcalled"zerotouch"vegetablesalesatits6,000gasstationsin147Chinesecities._____42_____(consume)placeandpayforordersontheapp.Whentheydriveupgasstation,employeesputthevegetablesintotheircartrunk,____43____(avoid)anyneedforhuman-to-humancontact."Thecoronavirusoutbreakhasmade____44____difficultforpeopletoshopasbefore,"saidLiHong,vicepresidentofSinopec'sconveniencestoresalesdivision."Traveldemandhasbeenfalling,,butdemandforfoodisprettyrigid."MengniuDairy,China'sdairyproducer,isracingtoaddmorevendingmachines____45____the10.000itcurrentlyhas,sayingtheepidemichasdrivenunexpectedlystrongdemandforthesaleschannel.Itssystemallowscustomerstoorderproductslikemilkandyoghurtonline____46____canthenbepickedupfromtheirlocalvendingmachine."Thevirusoutbreakhasdecreasedconsumptionfordairyproductsaspeople____47____(forbid)togotothesupermarket,"saidMengFanjie,headofthecompany'sCommunistPartycommittee.LuckinCoffee,a_____48_____(compete)rivaltoStarbucks,nowalsooffersthesanitizer（消毒）products(e.g.handsoap)besidescoffee.LiuXingliang,_____49_____independentretailanalyst,said,however,thatLuckin'sstrategywouldhaveonlyamodestimpact."Atbestsomeuserswillplaceanorderwhentheybuycoffee,butnobodyis____50____(deliberate)choosingtheLuckinappjusttobuysanitizer."【答案】41.launched42.Consumers43.avoiding44.it45.to46.which47.areforbidden48.competitive49.an50.deliberately【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，由于冠状病毒的流行而对外出购物持谨慎态度，中国的公司正在尝试“无接触”模式的新销售手段。【41题详解】考查时态。keentogetcustomersbackintheircarsandhelpfarmersduetoroadblocks是插入成分，主语是OilgiantSinopec，此处缺乏谓语动词，由lastmonth可知，时态用一般过去时。故填launched。【42题详解】考查名词的数。此处名词作主语，由谓语动词placeandpayfor可知，时态是一般现在时，谓语复数形式（不加s），主语也是复数，consumer（顾客）是可数名词，名词复数形式可加s，首字母大写。故填Consumers。,【43题详解】考查现在分词。本句由When引导的时间状语从句，主句已有谓语动词put且无连词，此处用非谓语形式，主句主语employees和动词avoid是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填avoiding。【44题详解】考查形式宾语。此处用形式宾语it代替真正宾语（toshopasbefore）。故填it。【45题详解】考查固定搭配。固定搭配add…to…（添加……到……），应用介词to。故填to。【46题详解】考查定语从句关系词。此处是定语从句，先行词是productslikemilkandyoghurt，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。【47题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于人们被禁止去超市，病毒的爆发降低了人们对乳制品的消费。由主句谓语hasdecreased（现在完成时属于现在时态范畴）可知，整句话讲的是现在发生的事情，as引导的原因状语从句也应该用现在的时态，此处指“（现在）人们被禁止去超市”，应用一般现在时，主语people和谓语动词forbid是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/aredone），主语people是复数，用areforbidden。故填areforbidden。【48题详解】考查形容词。名词rival要形容词修饰，应用形容词competitive（有竞争力的）作名词的定语。故填competitive。【49题详解】考查冠词。句意：不过，一位独立零售业分析师刘兴亮表示，Luckin的策略只会产生适度的影响。此处泛指“一位独立零售业分析师”，independent以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an表泛指。故填an。【50题详解】考查副词。deliberate要修饰谓语动词结构ischoosing，副词修饰动词，用副词deliberately作状语。故填deliberately。第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）51.Peoplewithapoormemoryoftenf___things.（根据首字母补全句子）【答案】forget,【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词。句意：记性差的人经常健忘。分析句子结构，缺少谓语动词，此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语为People，谓语动词用原形，forget意为“忘记”。故填forget。52.Springisas___whentreesturngreenandflowersopen.（根据首字母补全句子）【答案】season【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：春天是一个树木变绿，鲜花开放的季节。____whentreesturngreenandflowersopen.是定语从句，修饰前面的名词，根据句意可知，此处spring指的是一个季节，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数形式。故填season。53.Don’talwaysd___onothers.Youshouldlearntorelyonyourself.（根据首字母补全句子）【答案】depend【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：不要总是依靠别人，你应该学会依靠自己。根据后文的relyon可以推断出这里填近义词组dependon，本句是祈使句，Don't后面动词需要用原形。故填depend。54.GeorgewasbornonJune1,soChildren’sDayisalsohisb___.（根据首字母补全句子）【答案】birthday【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：乔治出生在六月一号，所以儿童节也是他的生日。根据前文wasbornon，可知此处和生日有关系，名词作表语。故填birthday。55.Withnoadultsaround,it’sd___forchildrentoswimintheriver.（根据首字母补全句子）【答案】dangerous【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：大人不在身边，小孩子游泳是很危险的。根据句式itis+adj.+forsbtodosth，可知，此处填形容词，根据句意可知是“危险的”，故填dangerous。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节应用文写作（满分15分）56.请以老师当众表扬你为话题,用下面所给句子开头,续写一篇英语短文。,Asastudent,Icantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbymyteacherbeforemyclassmates.注意:1.续写词数不少于80个;2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。【答案】Today，theteacherpraisedme，becauseIcontrolledthedisciplineinmyclassveryseriously．Iwasquitepleased，fullofasenseofaccomplishment．Icouldn'twaittotellmymomasIgothome．Motherwasalsohappyforme．IhopeIcontinuetoworkhard.Althoughtheteacherpraisedme,Iamnotproud．BecauseIknow"thereisnobest，onlybetterintheworld"．Iwillalwaysstrivetoclimboneafteranotherinthepeakofmylife．【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是续写作文。【详解】读后续写作文给出一定的写作主题，并此为基础进行思维和联想，自由发挥。不仅考查学生在内容、结构安排、语言运用和组织方面的能力，而且对学生的想像力、发散思维、归纳判断能力也有很高的要求。写好这类作文要注意几个步骤：1．认真审题，找准提示语中的关键词或句，确定中心思想。2．依据关键句，草拟提纲，梳理文章的脉络3．准确定位人称、时态．注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，如Today，theteacherpraisedme，because（原因状语从句）Icontrolledthedisciplineinmyclassveryseriously．；Although（让步状语从句）theteacherpraisedme，Iamnotproud．；．BecauseIknow"thereisnobest，onlybetterintheworld"．（谚语的使用）4．最后还要认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:原因状语从句Today，theteacherpraisedme，becauseIcontrolledthedisciplineinmyclassveryseriously．；让步状语从句Althoughtheteacherpraisedme，Iamnotproud．；谚语的使用BecauseIknow"thereisnobest，onlybetterintheworld"．高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。第二节读后续写（满分25分）57.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。续写的词数应为150词左右。,Onefall,mywifeElliandIhadasinglegoal:tophotographpolarbears.Wewerestayingataresearchcampoutside"thepolarbearcapitaloftheworld”－thetownofChurchillinManitoba,Canada.Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears-likeallwildanimals－shouldbephotographedfromasafedistance.WhenI'mfacetofacewithapolarbear,Ilikeittobethroughacamerawithatelephotolens.Butsometimes,thatiseasiersaidthandone.Thiswasoneofthosetimes.AsElliandIcookeddinner,ayoungmalepolarbearwhowasplayinginanearbylakesniffed,andsmelledourgarlicbread.Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp,whichwassurroundedbyahighwirefence.Hepulledandbitthewire.Hestoodonhisbacklegsandpushedatthewoodenfenceposts.Terrified,ElliandItriedallthebeardefenseactionsweknew.Weyelledatthebear,hitpotshard,andfiredblankshotgunshellsintotheairSometimesloudnoiseslikethesewillscarebearsoff.Notthispolarbearthough-hejustkepttryingtoteardownthefencewithhismassivepaws(爪子）Iradioedthecampmanagerforhelp.Hetoldmeahelicopterwasonitsway,butitwouldbe30minutesbeforeitarrived.Makingthebestofthiscloseencounter(相遇），Itooksomepicturesorthebear.EiltandIfearedthefencewouldn'tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear'spunishment.ThecampmanagersuggestedIusepepperspray.Thesprayburnsthebears'eyes,butdoesn'thurtthem.SoIapproachedouruninvitedguestslowlyand.throughthefence,sprayedhimintheface.Withanangryroar(吼叫），thebearrantothelaketowashhiseyes.Para1.Afewminuteslater,thebearheadedbacktoourcamp.Para2.Atthatverymoment,thehelicopterarrived.【答案】Afewminuteslater,thebearheadedbacktoourcamp.Roarsandscreamspiercedthesilencewithneedle-likeshrillness.ThenoisesturnedElliandIpalewithhorror.Ifearedthatthegiantwoulddestroyourwholefence.Heroaredrepeatedly,shatteringwhatwasleftofthesilence.Elliseizedthisopportunitytotakesomepicturesofthebear.Theanimal’snoisesechoedallaroundus.Webetrayedourfeelingsbyhuddlingtogether,shiveringwithfear.Afterthoroughly,scrutinizingthearea,hetrottedforwardafewsteps.Atthatverymoment,thehelicopterarrived.MyheartleapedwithjoyasIknewwewerelikelytobesaved.Elliusedpeppersprayagaintobuyusenoughtime.Butthistimethebearbecamemorealert.Heregardeduswiththemercilessnecessityofhunger,sowethrowallthefoodwehave.Hethenturnedawayandstarteddevouring.Aswewereclimbingtheropeladder,Elliprayedlikethousandtimestoshowthankfulnessofbeingsafeandsound.【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了人与熊对抗，之后成功脱险的故事。【详解】主人公的感情线变化为：兴奋渴望→惊恐→放松。剧情线以主人公如何与北极熊周旋并成功摆脱它展开。具体思路如下：由第一段的段首提示句可知：几分钟后，熊又回到营地。接下来可通过场景渲染，描写当时令人颤栗惊恐的画面，例如“Roarsandscreamspiercedthesilencewithneedle-likeshrillness.”这不仅合理地描写了熊的反应，也描绘出让人战栗的场景。要注意与第二段首句的衔接。由第二段的段首提示句可知：此时，直升机到了。如果想要进行续写两段的合理衔接，第一段的结尾可描写成“Afterthoroughlyscrutinizingthearea,thebeartrottedforwardafewsteps.”这样可以营造出危急的场景。“我们”看到直升机的到来，感到绝处逢生的喜悦，可以以人物心理描写作为第二段的开头，重点描写喜极而泣的状态，例如“MyheartleapedwithjoyasIknewwewerelikelytobesaved.”最后，结尾部分需要迅速收束，并说明成功逃脱的结局。【点睛】本文续写内容与原文高度契合，使用了高级词汇和句子，尤其突出的是，场景和心理描写传神到位，如：Roarsandscreamspiercedthesilencewithneedle-likeshrillness.，又如Heroaredrepeatedly,shatteringwhatwasleftofthesilence.，这不仅合理地描写了熊的动作，也渲染出让人战栗的场景，让读者有极强的代入感；再如Aswewereclimbingtheropeladder,Elliprayedlikethousandtimestoshowthankfulnessofbeingsafeandsound.传神地描绘出了Elli对于绝处逢生感到难以言表的喜悦和对救援的感激之情，等等。