2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit2Healthyeating含解析新人教版必修3

Unit2Healthyeating李仕才一、阅读理解。Flauberthaditthat“onewayoftoleratingexistenceistoloseoneselfinliteratureasinanunendingparty”.Itturnsoutthatreadingdoesn’tonlyhelpustotolerateexistence,butactuallylengthensit.ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publishedonlineinthejournalSocialScience&Medicine,concludedthat“bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofdeathoverthe12yearsoffollowupcomparedtononreaders”．ThedatawasobtainedfromthestudysponsoredbytheNationalInstituteonAging.Thestudylookedat3，635subjects,allolderthan50,whomtheresearchersdividedintothreegroups：thosewhodidn’treadbooks,thosewhoreadupto3.5hoursaweekandthosewhoreadmorethan3.5hoursaweek.Thefindingswereremarkable：onaverage,bookreaderssurvivedalmosttwoyearslongerthanthosewhodidn’tcrackopenabook.Themorethesubjectsread,thelongertheylived,butaslittleas30minutesadaywasstillbeneficialintermsofsurvival.Accountingforfactorssuchaseducationlevel,incomeandhealthstatus,thestudyfoundthatthosewhoreadmorethan3.5hoursweeklywere23percentlesslikelytodieduringthat12yearperiod.Thosewhoreadupto3.5hours—anaverageofahalfhouraday—were17percentlesslikely.“Inotherwords,justlikeahealthydietandexercise,booksappeartopromoteasignificantsurvivaladvantage，”theauthorsconcluded.Whyorhowthat’sthecaseremainsunclear；theresearchshowedonlyanassociationbetweenbookreadingandlongevity,notacausalrelationship.Butthefindingsarenotsosurprising.Otherrecentresearchshowedthatreadingnovelsappearstoincreasebothbrainconnectivityandsympathy.【解题导语】　研究发现，阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁。1．WhydoestheauthormentionFlaubert’swordsinthefirstparagraph?A．Tostressthevalueofreading.B．Tocomparereadingwithaparty.C．Tointroducethestudyonreading.9\nD．Tosupportthefindingsofthestudy.C　解析：推理判断题。文章第一段引用Flaubert的名言说明读书的作用，接着第二段介绍了耶鲁大学关于读书与死亡风险之间关系的研究。据此可以判断，引用Flaubert的名言旨在介绍对阅读的作用的研究，故C项正确。2．Fromthetext,whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．Nosimilarstudyonreadinghasbeencarriedout.B．Theprocessofthestudylastedmorethantenyears.C．Itshowsreaderslivetwoyearslongerthannonreaders.D．Itshowstimespentonreadingincreasesone’sloveforit.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“bookreaders...tononreaders”可知，在12年的跟踪调查中发现，与不读书的人相比，阅读者的死亡风险降低了20%。据此可知，该项调查持续了十多年，故B项正确。3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“that’sthecase”probablymean?A．Readingbooksenablespeopletolivelonger.B．Readingissimilartoahealthydietandexercise.C．Readingbooksiscloselyassociatedwithlongevity.D．Readingincreasesbrainconnectivityandsympathy.A　解析：词义猜测题。根据上文中的“booksappeartopromoteasignificantsurvivaladvantage”及上文所述的研究结论“读书可以延长寿命”和该句“Whyorhow___________that’sthecase...notacausalrelationship.”可知，阅读为什么以及以什么方式延长读者寿命，人们仍然不清楚。据此可知，画线词指代研究表明的“读书可以延长寿命”，故A项正确。4．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?A．http：//www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/family.B．http：//www.barnesandnoble.com/books/comingsoon.C．http：//www.washingtonpost.com/news/toyourhealth.D．http：//www.thebookbag.co.uk/BookRecommendations.C　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁，阅读能增强大脑的功能。据此可以判断，本文属于健康话题，因此最可能摘自健康网站，故C项正确。二、单句语法填空1．(2022·天津高考)Myroomisamess,butI________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.9\n答案：needn't　由“Icandoitinthemorning”可知，“我”今晚没必要打扫，应用Sb.needn'tdosth.句式。2．(2022·天津高考)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain________(catch)．答案：tocatch　结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，故用动词不定式作定语。3．Thereisalimit________theamountofpainwecanbear.答案：to　Thereisalimitto...“……是有限度的”。4．Thebeautifulladysatalittlestraighterandtriedtolook________(slim)andyounger.答案：slimmer　由“andyounger”可知，应用比较级slimmer“更苗条”。5．Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizetheimportanceofa________(balance)diettotheirhealth.答案：balanced　abalanceddiet“均衡饮食”。6．Childrenarealwayscurious________everythingtheyseeandhear.答案：about　becuriousabout“对……感到好奇”。7．Beingagoodteacher,youshouldknowyourstudents'________(strong)andweaknesses.答案：strengths　strengthsandweaknesses“强项和弱项”。8．Lowincomeresidentscan'tafford________(consult)adoctororpurchasemedicineswhentheygetsick.答案：toconsult　can'taffordtoconsultadoctor“请不起医生”。9．Wecan'talwayscombinework________pleasure.答案：with　combineAwithB“将A与B相结合”。10．John's________(weak)liesinhisbadtemper.答案：weakness　由设空前的John's可知，应填名词形式weakness“缺点，不足”。三、完形填空。Honestyisalwaysthebestpolicy，especiallywhenitcomestomentalhealthproblems.InaTV__1__，onegirlgetsveryrealaboutdealingwithanxietyandpanic.“Iwasthebeststudentinmyhighschool.Iputsomuch__2__onmyself，”shesaid.“Inever__3__aclass.ButIgotsickduring10thgradeandIstartedto__4__.Thatwaswhenthepanicattacksbegan.”Shegoesontodescribewhatapanicattack__5__like，“Onedaytheteacherhandedmemygrade__6__，andIcouldn't9\nbreathe.Myheartwasbeatingvery__7__.Ifeltdisconnected.IsawpeopletryingtotalktomebutIcouldn'thearthem.Afterwards，Iwassentto__8__，”sheshared.Itwasthen__9__theattacksstartedhappening__10__daily，andtheyhaven'tstopped.“LastyearIstartedcollege.AndIcan'tbethebeststudentherenomatterhowhardItry，”shesaid.“Everyoneisso__11__.MypanicattacksgotsobadthatIhadto__12__myfirstsemester.”However，nowsheisfacingheranxiety，andthingsaregettingbetter.“Iusedtotrytohide__13__.Ithoughtthat__14__nobodyknew，itwouldnotexist，”shesaid.“ButthemoreItalkaboutmy__15__，themoreIrealizethatotherpeopleexperience__16__things.SoI'mtryingtoexpressitmore.Ihadagreatteacher__17__toldme，‘Insteadoflettinganxietykeepyoufromdoingyourart，letitbethethingthat__18__yourart.’”Recently，womenallovertheworldtooktoTwitterto__19__whatanxietyislike.Weare__20__alone.1．A.projectB．programC．platformD．station2．A.weightB．heightC．pressureD．measure3．A.joinedB．succeededC．failedD．attended4．A.fallbehindB．falldownC．leavebehindD．leavealone5．A.looksB．soundsC．tastesD．feels6．A.reportB．surveyC．researchD．notice7．A.mildlyB．wildlyC．slowlyD．severely8．A.schoolB．workC．hospitalD．home9．A.whenB．sinceC．beforeD．that10．A.stillB．alwaysC．merelyD．almost9\n11．A.ambitiousB．anxiousC．talentedD．experienced12．A.arrangeB．performC．operateD．cancel13．A.itB．themC．meD．us14．A.unlessB．ifC．whileD．as15．A.confidenceB．dreamC．issueD．desire16．A.similarB．familiarC．variousD．serious17．A.whoB．whomC．whoseD．which18．A.abandonsB．quitsC．motivatesD．protests19．A.advertiseB．adviseC．shareD．compare20．A.alwaysB．sometimesC．seldomD．never【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个女孩分享了她曾经的焦虑经历，后来，她勇敢面对焦虑，情况得以好转。作者借这个事例说明直面困难、坦诚问题往往是解决心理健康问题的良策。【核心词汇】dealwith处理，应付panicn．恐慌，惊恐　v．使恐慌policyn．政策，策略，保险单disconnectedadj.分离的，断开的，不连贯的，无关联的semestern．半学年，一学期1．B　根据“InaTV__1__，onegirlgetsveryrealaboutdealingwithanxietyandpanic”可知，在一个电视节目(program)中，一个女孩坦诚地分享了她克服焦虑和惊恐的经历，故B项正确。A项意为“项目”；C项意为“平台”；D项意为“站”，都与语境不符。2．C　根据前一句“Iwasthebeststudentinmyhighschool”，再结合该句“Iputsomuch__2__on9\nmyself”可知，该句是说，在学校里这个女孩是一位优等生，她自己给自己施加了很多压力。C项意为“压力”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“体重”；B项意为“身高”；D项意为“度量单位”，都与语境不符。3．C　根据上文，再结合该句“Inever__3__aclass”可知，这个女孩从没有考试不及格过；C项意为“不及格”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“加入”；B项意为“成功”；D项意为“参加”。4．A　根据上下文可知，在十年级时这个女孩生病了，成绩开始落后；A项意为“落后”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“不实，不能令人满意”；C项意为“留下，遗留”；D项意为“不打扰”。5．D　根据空处前后句可知，这个女孩是在描述焦虑症发作时的感觉。feellike为固定搭配，意为“感觉像是……”，符合语境，故D项正确。6．A　根据该句中“Onedaytheteacherhandedmemygrade__6__，andIcouldn'tbreathe”可知，老师将成绩单交给了这个女孩；表示“成绩单”用“gradereport”，故A项正确。7．B　根据后一句“Ifeltdisconnected”可以判断，这个女孩看到了她的成绩单后感觉无法呼吸，心脏疯狂地(wildly)跳动，故B项正确。A项意为“温和地”；C项意为“缓慢地”；D项意为“严格地”。8．C　参见上题解析并结合该句“Afterwards，Iwassentto__8__”可以判断，最后，这个女孩被送往医院。故C项正确。9．D　根据该句“Itwasthen__9__theattacksstartedhappening__10__daily，andtheyhaven'tstopped”可知，该句使用了强调句型，被强调的部分是then，故用that引导句中的其他部分，故D项正确。10．D　根据空处所在句可知，从那时起焦虑几乎每天发生，没有停止过。D项意为“几乎”，符合语境，故D项正确。11．C　根据空处前一句可知，在大学里，无论这个女孩怎么努力都无法成为最好的学生；结合该句“Everyoneisso__11__”可知，每个人都有天赋；C项意为“有天赋的”，符合语境，故C项正确。12．D　根据该句“MypanicattacksgotsobadthatIhadto__12__myfirstsemester”可知，这个女孩的焦虑症变得如此严重，她不得不休学。D项意为“取消”，符合语境，故D项正确。13．A　根据空处前后句可知，空处指代前一句的“anxiety”，后一句中的“itwouldnotexist”也是提示。故此处用it。14．B　根据语境可知，空处引导条件状语从句，故此处用if。15．C　根据上下文可知，空处是指这个女孩的焦虑问题。C项意为“问题”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“信心”；B项意为“梦想”；D项意为“渴望”。9\n16．A　根据上下文可知，此处是指这个女孩对她的问题谈得越多，她就越意识到其他人也经历过相似的事情。文章的最后一段也是提示。故A项正确。17．A　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“agreatteacher”，在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。18．C　根据语境可知，空处应用与“keepyoufromdoingyourart”意义相反的一个动词。C项意为“激励”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“停止”；D项意为“反对”。19．C　根据该句“Recently，womenallovertheworldtooktoTwitterto__19__whatanxietyislike”可知，最近，世界各地的女性都在推特上分享了焦虑的经历。C项意为“分享”，符合语境，故C项正确。20．D　参见上题解析，再结合该句“Weare__20__alone”可知，焦虑者不是孤独的，故用否定词never。四、单句改错1．Thewarningsignwasputtherewiththebenefitofthepublic._____________________________________________________答案：with→for　forthebenefitof...“为了……的利益”。2．Sincethedancershavetopaythehighcostofclothingoutoftheirownpockets,theyareoftenheavilyinthedebt._____________________________________________________答案：去掉debt前的the　indebt“负债”。3．Theoldmanearnshislivebybeggingdoortodoor._____________________________________________________答案：live→living　earnone'sliving“谋生”。4．Themanoughttobefired.Youshouldn'tlethimgetawayfromstealingfromtheshop._____________________________________________________答案：from→with　getawaywith“做了坏事不受惩罚”。5．Heshouldhavehandedinhispaperyesterday,andheforgotaboutitcompletely._____________________________________________________答案：and→but　前后分句之间为转折关系。五、短文改错Asisknowntoweall，America'snationalpastimeisbaseball.Ithasplayedinthiscountrysincethefirstsettlersarrive.ItwasanationalballwhatwaslikedbymanyAmericansatthattime.AlthoughbaseballpossiblydevelopedfromanEnglish9\ngame，itisnowthoughtoflikeanAmericansport.FromtheLittleLeaguetotheMajorLeague，playerofallskilllevelsenjoytestingtheirpoweronthe“FieldofDreams”．Famousplayers，excitingmusicbutthestandardstadiumfoodofhotdogs，popcornandpeanutsarepopularlyamongAmericans.Inafact，AmericansmakegotothebaseballgameafavoritesummeroutingformanyAmericansnowadays.【答案】Asisknowntoall，America'snationalpastimeisbaseball.Ithasplayedinthiscountrysincethefirstsettlers.ItwasanationalballwaslikedbymanyAmericansatthattime.AlthoughbaseballpossiblydevelopedfromanEnglishgame，itisnowthoughtofanAmericansport.FromtheLittleLeaguetotheMajorLeague，ofallskilllevelsenjoytestingtheirpoweronthe“FieldofDreams”．Famousplayers，excitingmusicthestandardstadiumfoodofhotdogs，popcornandpeanutsareamongAmericans.Infact，AmericansmaketothebaseballgameafavoritesummeroutingformanyAmericansnowadays.第一处：we改为us。考查代词。与语境中介词to呼应，故此处用代词的宾格形式us作介词to的宾语。第二处：has后加been。考查动词语态。主语It指代baseball，和谓语动词play构成被动关系，故在has后加been。第三处：arrive改为arrived。考查动词时态。since意为“自从”时，从句用一般过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。第四处：what改为that/which。考查关系词。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词anationalball。第五处：like改为as。考查介词。固定搭配thinkof...as...意为“把……当做……”，符合语境，故用介词as。第六处：player改为players。考查名词复数。player是可数名词，与语境ofallskilllevels呼应，故此处用复数形式。第七处：but改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的并列关系，故用连词and。9\n第八处：popularly改为popular。考查形容词。与语境中are呼应，故用形容词popular作表语。第九处：删除a。考查固定搭配。固定搭配infact意为“事实上”，符合语境，故删除a。第十处：go改为going。考查动名词。此处goingtothebaseballgame是动名词短语作谓语动词make的宾语，符合语境。9