【广东专用】2022届高考英语一轮复习 课时作业(三十八) Unit3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版选修8

课时作业(三十八)　[选修8　Unit3　Inventorsandinventions](限时：30分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.完形填空WindowBillandJohn,bothseriouslyill,livedinthesameroomatMarieHospital.Johnlivednexttotheonlywindowoftheroomandwasallowedto__1__inhisbedandwatchforanhoureveryday.ButBillhadtospendallhistime__2__onhisback.Theybecamefriendssoonandtalkedforhourseveryday.Theyspokeoftheirfamilies,theirchildren,theirhobbies,andtheir__3__intheAmericanarmy.EachdayJohnwouldsitupand__4__tohisroommateBillwhathecouldseeoutsidethewindow.ThroughJohn'sdescription,Bill'sworldwas__5__andbrightenedbyalltheactivitiesandcolorsoftheoutsideworld.Thewindowoverlookedabeautifulparkwithalovelylake,JohntoldBill.Andafineviewofthecityskylinecouldbeseeninthedistance.AsJohndescribedalltheseindetail,Billwouldclosehiseyesand__6__thepicturesquescene.Billwasrecoveringlittlebylittle.However,Johnbecameweakdaybyday.Lateonenight,Billwaslyinginbed__7__theceilingwhenJohnbegantocoughseriously.Thendoctorsandnursesrushedtotheroom.Thirtyminuteslater,John__8__coughing.Now,therewasonlysilence—__9__silence.Thefollowingmorning,Billwasmovedtothebednexttothewindowathisrequest.Slowlyand__10__，hesupportedhimselfupononeelbowtotakethefirstlook.Buttohis__11__，hecouldseenothingbuta__12__wall.Onlyatthatmomentdidhebegintorealizethatthepursuitofhappinesswasamatterof__13__.Itwasapositiveattitudewechosetoexpress.Itwasnotagiftthatgot__14__toourdoorstepeachmorning,nordiditcomethroughthewindow.Itwasaninwardjourney.Whetheramanishappyornotdependsonhisownthoughtsratherthananythingoutward.SoBillbegantodescribethe__15__worldtohisnewroommatethathesawthroughtheonlywindowoftheroom.1．A.standupB．situpC．setupD．stayup2．A.lyingB．dependingC．goingD．relying3．A.serviceB．adviceC．appearanceD．violence4．A.explainB．complainC．describeD．introduce6\n5．A.affectedB．broadenedC．damagedD．expanded6．A.seeB．rememberC．imagineD．recognize7．A.thinkingaboutB．staringatC．holdingupD．fixingon8．A.stoppedB．continuedC．avoidedD．survived9．A.deadlyB．deadC．breathlessD．aimless10．A.regretfullyB．fortunatelyC．particularlyD．hopefully11．A.surpriseB．delightC．reliefD．anger12．A.simpleB．blankC．coloredD．painted13．A.considerationB．expressionC．choiceD．practice14．A.deliveredB．decoratedC．devotedD．determined15．A.friendlyB．yearlyC．livelyD．likelyⅡ.阅读理解AInafewyears,youmightbeabletospeakChinese,Korean,Japanese,French,andEnglish—andallatthesametime.Thissoundsincredible,butAlexWaibel,acomputerscienceprofessoratUS'sCarnegieMellonUniversity(CMU)andGermany'sUniversityofKarlsruhe,announcedlastweekthatitmaysoonbereality.Heandhisteamhaveinventedsoftwareandhardwarethatcouldmakeitfareasierforpeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagestounderstandeachother.Oneapplication,calledLectureTranslation,caneasilytranslateaspeechfromonelanguageintoanother.Currenttranslationtechnologiestypicallylimitspeakerstocertaintopicsoralimitedvocabulary.Usersalsohavetobetrainedhowtousetheprogram.Anotherprototype(雏形机)cansendtranslationsofaspeechtodifferentlistenersdependingonwhatlanguagetheyspeak.“Itislikehavingasimultaneoustranslatorrightnexttoyoubutwithoutdisturbingthepersonnexttoyou，”Waibelsaid.Prefertoread?SocalledTranslationGlassestranscribe(转录)thetranslationsonatinyliquidcrystal(液晶)display(LCD)screen.Thenthere'stheMuscleTranslator.Electrodescapturetheelectricalsignalsfromfacialmusclemovementsmadenaturallywhenapersonismouthingwords.Thesignalsarethentranslatedintospeech.Theelectrodescouldbereplacedwithwirelesschipsimplantedinaperson'sface,accordingtoresearchers.DuringademonstrationheldlastThursdayinCMU'sPittsburghcampus,aChinesestudentnamedStanJouhad11tinyelectrodesattachedtothemusclesofhischeeks,neckandthroat.Thenhemouthed—withoutspeakingaloud—afewwordsinMandarin(普通话)totheaudience.Afewsecondslater,thephrasewasdisplayedonacomputerscreenandspokenoutbythecomputerinEnglishandSpanish:“Letmeintroduceournewprototype.”6\nThisparticulargadget(器具)，whenfullydeveloped,mightallowanyonetospeakinanynumberoflanguagesor,asWaibelputit,“toswitchyourmouthtoaforeignlanguage”.“Theideabehindtheuniversity'sprototypesistocreate‘goodenough’bridgesforcrossculturalexchangesthatarebecomingmorecommonintheworld，”Waibelsaid.Withspontaneous(自发的)translators,foreigndriversinGermanycouldlistentotrafficwarningsontheradio,touristsinChinacouldreadallthesignsandtalkwithlocalpeople,andleadersofdifferentcountriescouldhavesecrettalkswithoutanyinterpretersthere.16．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．ALectureTranslationcantranslatewhatyousaidintootherlanguageseasily.B．ThereisnoMuscleTranslatorintheworldnow.C．MuscleTranslatorscantranslatewhatyouthinkintospeechifyoujustmoveyourmouth.D．Thespontaneoustranslatorswillhelpusalot.17．WhatkindofequipmentisNOTmentionedinthispassage?A．LectureTranslation.B．MuscleTranslator.C．MultipleTranslator.D．TranslationPrototype.18．What'sthefinaldestinationofinventingthelanguagetranslators?A．Tomakeculturalexchangesbetweendifferentcountrieseasier.B．Tohelpstudentslearnforeignlanguagesmoreeasily.C．Tomakepeopleliveinforeigncountriesmorecomfortably.D．Tohelppeoplelearnmoreforeignlanguagesinthefuture.19．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheseventhparagraph?A．Thetranslatorissogoodthatitcantranslateanylanguageintotheverylanguageyouneed.B．Thetranslatorisbecomingmoreandmorecommonintheworldasabridge.C．Withthehelpofthetranslator,youonlyneedtoopenyourmouthwhenyouwanttosaysomethingwithoutsayingtheexactwordsatall.D．Thetranslatorneedstobeimprovedbeforebeingputintomarket.20．Wherecanthispassageprobablybefrom?A．Anewspaper.B．Amagazineonscience.C．Afairytale.D．Ascientificfantasybook.BYou'veheardofthefatsuitandthepregnancysuit;nowmeetAGNES—theoldpersonsuit.AGNESstandsfor“AgeGainNowEmpathySystem”andwasdesignedbyresearchersatMIT'sAgeLabtoletyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.“Thebusinessofoldagedemandsnewtools，”saidJosephCoughlin,directoroftheAgeLab.“Whilefocusgroupsandobservationsandsurveyscanhelpyouunderstandwhattheolderconsumerneedsandwants,youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha！’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That'swhatAGNESprovides.”Coughlinandhisteamcarefullyadjustedthesuittomakethewearerjustasuncomfortableasanoldpersonwhohasspentalifetimeeatingpoorlyandnot6\ndoingmuchexercise.Specialshoesprovideafeelingofimbalance,whilebracesonthekneesandelbowslimitjointmobility(机动性).Glovesgivethefeelingofdecreasedstrengthandmobilityinthehandsandwrists,andearplugsmakeitdifficulttohearhighpitchedsoundsandsofttones.Ahelmetwithstraps(带)attachedtoitpressesthespine(脊柱),andmorestrapsattachedtotheshoesdecreasehamstringflexibility,andshortenthewearer'sstep.AGNEShasbeenusedmostrecentlybyagroupofstudentsworkingonadesignofan_updated_walker.Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.Coughlinsaidthesuithasalsobeenusedbyclothingcompanies,carcompaniesandretailgoodscompaniestohelpthemunderstandthelimitationsofanolderconsumer.“AGNESisnotthedestiny(天命)ofeverybody，”Coughlinsaid.“Sheisabadlybehavedladywhodidn'teatandexerciseverywell.Asecondarybenefitwe'vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlongtermhealth.”21．AGNESissupposedto________.A．maketheusersmorecomfortableB．letusunderstandoldpeoplebetterC．helpoldpeoplemovemorequicklyD．producenewtoolsfortheoldagebusiness22．Accordingtothetext,youngmarketersnever________.A．askwhatoldpeopleneedandwantB．seetheeffortsoldpeoplemakeC．feelthesamewayasoldpeopledoD．say“Ahha！”whentheymeetwithdifficulty23．The3rdparagraphmainlytellsabout________.A．howadvancedAGNESisB．howAGNEShasbeendevelopedC．howoldpeopleactD．howAGNESworks24．Theunderlinedphrase“anupdatedwalker”mostlikelyrefersto________．A．anewkindofsuitthathelpspeoplerelaxB．aphysicallylimitedoldpersonC．someequipmentthathelpsoldpeoplegetaroundD．acompanywhichservesoldpeople25．Whichmightbeafactresultingfromthe“secondarybenefit”ofAGNES?A．Youngpeoplerespectoldpeoplemore.B．Oldagebusinessesimprovetheirservice.C．Oldpeopleeatandexercisewell.D．Youngpeopleeatandexercisewell.6\n课时作业(三十八)Ⅰ.窗口可以让我们看到外面的世界。我们的心灵之窗打开之后也能让我们在困境中看到生机。1．B　考查动词短语辨析。病人可以“坐起来”看窗外，另外第二段最后一句话也有提示。situp意为“坐直，坐起来”；standup意为“站起来”；setup意为“建立”；stayup意为“熬夜，不睡觉”。2．A　考查上下文逻辑关系理解。从后文onhisback看出比尔只能每天“躺着”。3．A　考查词语搭配。serviceinthearmy意为“在部队服役”。说明两人聊起了在部队当兵的共同经历。4．C　考查上下文关系理解。约翰向病友比尔“描述”窗外的景象。第三段首句有description提示。explain意为“解释”；complain意为“抱怨”；introduce意为“介绍”。5．B　考查词语搭配。broadenedandbrightened相配，通过约翰的描述，比尔的世界“更开阔了”。expand指的是“发展，壮大”；affect意为“影响”；damage意为“毁掉”。6．C　考查动词辨析。比尔看不见窗外的景色，只能根据约翰的描述来想象，因此应当用imagine一词，而不是“看见”、“记得”、“认出”。7．B　考查动词短语辨析。ceiling是“天花板”的意思，句意：比尔躺在床上盯着天花板。thinkabout意为“考虑”；stareat意为“盯着”；holdup意为“举起”；fixon意为“选定，确定”。8．A　考查上下文逻辑关系理解。后句表明约翰死了，所以应该选择“停止咳嗽”。9．A　考查形容词辨析。deadly意为“致命的，破坏性的或极其的”；dead意为“死的”；breathless意为“气喘吁吁的，喘不上气来”；aimless意为“漫无目的的”。句中修饰silence，应当用deadly，意为“死一般的寂静”。10．D　考查对主旨的理解。比尔一直渴望看到窗外的风景，因此要求转到约翰的床上去，所以他“充满希望地”支起胳膊看窗外。regretfully意为“后悔地，遗憾地”；fortunately意为“幸运地”；particularly意为“特别地”；hopefully的意思是“充满希望地”。11．A　考查短语辨析。比尔满心期待，却没有看到约翰所描述的景象，应当是感到吃惊。toone'ssurprise意为“令人吃惊的是”；toone'sdelight意为“令人高兴的是”；toone'srelief意为“令人释然的是”；toone'sanger意为“令人愤怒的是”。12．B　考查形容词辨析。ablankwall意为“一面空白的墙”。simple意为“简单的”；colored意为“有颜色的”；painted意为“涂油漆的”。13．C　考查名词辨析。从后文中wechosetoexpress可以看出是“一种态度的选择”，应当用choice。consideration意为“考虑”；expression意为“表达，表情”；practice意为“练习，实践”。14．A　考查动词辨析。此句意为“对幸福的选择不是送到门口的礼物”。deliver意为“投递，送交”。15．C　考查形容词辨析。只要我们选择希望，生活应该是“充满生机和活力的”。friendly,yearly,likely均为形容词，词义为“友好的”、“年度的”、“可能的”，均不恰当。Ⅱ.A本文是一篇说明文，内容是有关翻译机器发明成果的阐述。16．B　细节理解题。根据文章第五、六段可推出B项是错误的。17．C　推理判断题。在短文第二段中提到了LectureTranslation，在第三段中提到了prototype，在第五段中又提到了MuscleTranslator，因而没有被提到的应该是C项。6\n18．A　推理判断题。根据短文倒数第二段所述“Theideabehindtheuniversity'sprototypesistocreate‘goodenough'bridgesforcrossculturalexchangesthatarebecomingmorecommonintheworld，”可以推断出A项就是发明翻译机器的真正目的。19．D　推理判断题。根据短文第七段所述Thisparticulargadget,whenfullydeveloped…，其含义为“当这种特别的器具得以充分的改进时……”，可以推测出，目前这种器械尚在发展完善之中。20．B　推理判断题。这篇文章是有关翻译机器发明成果的阐述，根据常识，它极有可能会选自科学杂志。B如果现在不注意锻炼身体，老了以后会怎样？穿上AGNES，现在你就可以感受到老年人的感觉。21．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中…letyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.可知，AGNES的功能是让人们提前感受人老以后的实际身体状况。22．C　推理判断题。根据第二段While…youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha！’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That'swhatAGNESprovides.可知，年轻的销售人员在生活中从未感受老年人的难处。23．D　段落大意题。第三段主要介绍AGNES这套服装是如何让人在具体部位有不舒服的感觉，感受年老以后的身体不适。24．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容特别是Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.可以看出，这些学生在研究一款新的walker，通过试穿AGNES，他们能够切身感受老年人的身体情况，从而能够确定什么样的设计和材料才最为合适，可知画线部分是指为老年人开发的一种产品。25．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Asecondarybenefitwe'vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlongtermhealth.可知，AGNES还能促使年轻人注意保持身体健康。6