云南省曲靖市2022高考英语一轮 阅读理解训练题（1）

云南省曲靖市2022高考英语（阅读理解）一轮训练题（1）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AAyearagoAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmericanswhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift—$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially.”saysDave.ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveunexpectedlegacyfromtheHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000.ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million—theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm.ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theythrivedon(喜欢)comparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore，checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything.”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden,“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatches’wishthattheirlegacy—alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents—shouldenrichthewholecommunity(社区)andlastforgenerationstocome.Neighborshelpingneighbors—thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.1.Accordingtothetext,theFusses________.A.wereemployedbyatruckcompanyB.wereinfinancialdifficultyC.workedinaschoolcafeteriaD.losttheirhome-7-\n2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheHatches?A.TheyhadtheirchildrenduringtheGreatDepression.B.Theyleftthefamilyfarmtoliveinanoldhouse.C.Theygaveawaytheirpossessionstotheirneighbors.D.Theyhelpedtheirneighborstofindjobs.3.WhywouldtheHatchesroutinelygofromstoretostore?A.Theydecidedtoopenastore.B.Theywantedtosavemoney.C.Theycouldn’taffordexpensivethings.D.Theywantedtobuygiftsforlocalkids.4.AccordingtoSandyVanWeelden,theHatcheswere________.A.understanding　　　　　B.optimisticC.childlikeD.curious5.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.ThecommunityofAltowaspoor.B.Thesummercampwasattractivetotheparents.C.SandyVanWeeldengotalegacyfromtheHatches.D.TheHatcheswouldliketheneighborstofollowtheirexamplem]参考答案1-5BCBAD*******************************************************结束（2022年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考）   Decision-makingcanbeextremelydifficult.Decisionmakingstylesaresignificantlydifferentindifferentcultures.   Inanyapproachtoaproblemandinanynegotiations,theWesternworldturnstothe"Itoyou"approachwhileJapan,the"youtoyou"approach.Theformermeansbothsidespresenttheirargumentsopenlyfromtheirownpointofview.Naturally,oftencomesaconfrontation(冲突)situation,whichtheWesternersareveryskillfulindealingwith.Thelatterisbasedoneachsidetryingtounderstandtheotherperson’-7-\nspointofview.Thus,thedirectionofthemeetingisamutual(相互的)attempttoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony.   Besides,Westerndecision-makinggoesmostlyfromtopmanagementandoftendoesnotconsultmiddlemanagementortheworkers.However,inJapangreatconsiderationisgiventothethoughtsandopinionsofeveryoneatalllevels.Basedon"bottom-updirection",ideascanbecreatedatthelowestlevels,travelupwardthroughanorganizationandhaveaneffectonthefinaldecision.   Differenceindecision-makingalsocomesfromdifferentcommunicationstyles.TheJapanesebusinesspersonworkstoachieveharmony,evenifthedealfallsthrough.andwillspendwhatevertimeisnecessarytodeterminea"youtoyou"approach,communicatingpersonalviewsonlyindirectly.TheyputathoroughjobabovetheWesterndeadlineapproach.SotheJapaneseisthoroughintheirmeetings.ThusAmericansareoftenannoyedbythemanymeetingsinmanyJapanesebusinesses.ButwheretheAmericanispressingforaspecificdecision,theJapaneseistryingtothinkuparatherbroaddirection.   Ontheotherhand,onceagivenagreementismade,itistheJapanesewhosometimeswondersattheslowpaceinwhichtheWesternerscarryoutthedecision.TheJapaneseiseagertomoveforwardandtheWesterners,perhaps,lag(落后于)behindastheytakethetimeforin-depthplanning.(1)AJapanesebusinessbasesitsdecision________________.A.ontop-downdirection      B.onnothingbutitsworkers’viewsC.onbottom-updirection     D.onlyonitstopleaders’opinions(2)ThetextmainlytellsusthatJapanandtheWesternworld_________.A.facegreatdifficultyinmakingdecisions-7-\nB.aredifferentindecisionmakingstylesC.haveallmemberscontributetoadecisionD.havetwoapproaches："Itoyou"and"youtoI"(3)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheWesterners?A.Theycarryoutthedecisiononceitismade.B.Therearemanymeetingsintheirbusinesses.C.Theyworktoachieveharmonyindoingbusiness.D.Theyaregoodathandlingconfrontationsituation.(4)Theauthor’sattitudetowardsJapanesedecision-makingis_________.A.positive      B.critical       C.negative         D.casual【解析】这篇文章讲述了日本和西方世界决策风格的差异。(1)C细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句和第三句内容可知C项正确。(2)B主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是文章第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是日本和西方世界决策风格的差异。(3)D正误判断题。由文章第二段第三句可知，西方人在处理冲突方面很擅长。(4)A作者态度题。由文章第二段最后一句中的"amutual(相互的)attempttoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony'。以及最后一段内容可以推测出作者对日本的决策方式持肯定的态度。**************************************************************结束-7-\n【典例探究】（2022·山东卷·D）Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)”，saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystems(M/NEMS).Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid,“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半导体).Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶体结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.-7-\n【文章大意】本篇为科普短文，介绍由美国密苏里大学研究者所开发的核能电池的情况。71.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU. B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.72.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused.C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.73.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.A.getridoftheradioactivewaste  B.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure.74.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery_______.A.usesasolidsemiconductor       B.willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.couldbeextremelythin          D.haspassedthefinaltest.75.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreport       B.bookreview   C.newspaperad  D.sciencefictionstory【答案解析】71.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient及第三段的叙述可知，Kwon在研究一种核能电池，所以C项正确。72.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知Kwon举例的目的是为了说明核能电池是安全性。73.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelattice-7-\nstructure(晶体结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor,”及“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”可知，通过使用液态半导体材料，可减少对晶体结构的破坏。74.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair可知C项正确。75.【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲述了Kwon的原子能电池的有关情况，文章体裁应属于科普文章，所以A项正确。*********************************************************结束-7-