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新课标2022高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book1unit5nelsonmandela_amodernhero新人教版

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unit5nelsonmandela-amodernhero重点识记词汇1.qualityn.质量;品质;性质            2.meanadj.吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的3.principlen.法则;原则;原理4.outofwork失业5.attackvt.进攻;攻击;抨击6.asamatteroffact事实上7.turnto求助于;致力于8.loseheart丧失勇气或信心9.escapevi.&vt.逃脱;逃走;避开10.cometopower当权;上台11.setup设立;建立12.opinionn.意见;看法;主张13.presidentn.总统;会长;校长;行长14.votevt.&vi.投票;选举n.投票;选票;表决15.introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中16.guidancen.指导;领导→guidev.指导17.begvi.请求;乞求→beggarn.乞丐18.sentencevt.判决;宣判→besentencedto被判处……(徒刑)19.selfn.自我;自身→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.无私的;忘我的20.crueltyn.残忍;残酷→crueladj.残忍的;残酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地;残酷地21.generousadj.慷慨的;大方的→generouslyadv.慷慨地;大方地→generosityn.慷慨;大方22.hopefuladj.怀有希望的;有希望的→hopelessadj.没有希望的23.peacefuladj.和平的;平静的;安宁的→peacen.和平;平静;和睦24.equaladj.相等的;平等的→equallyadv.平等地;同等地→equalityn.平等;同等25.willingadj.乐意的;自愿的→unwillingadj.不愿意的→\nwilln.意志;遗嘱26.educatevt.教育;训练→educatedadj.受过教育的;有教养的→educationn.教育27.legaladj.法律的;依照法律的→illegaladj.(反义词)非法的;违法的28.devotevt.(与to连用)献身;专心于→devotedadj.忠实的;深爱的→devotionn.奉献29.unfairadj.不公正的;不公平的→fairadj.(反义词)公正的;公平的30.activeadj.积极的;活跃的→activityn.活动31.violencen.暴力;暴行→violentadj.暴力的;猛烈的32.rewardn.报酬;奖金vt.酬劳;奖赏→rewardingadj.值得的;有益的;有回报的33.terrorn.恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖时期;恐怖活动→terrifiedadj.感到恐惧的;受惊吓的34.relativen.亲戚;亲属→relationn.关系;血缘关系;亲属→relationshipn.关系必背经典句式1.Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天,我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。3.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。4.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时,我的心情很不好。5.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.我能找到工作的原因是我工作努力。6.Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpasstheir\nexams.他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。构词记忆 illegal/I′liːɡəl/adj.不合法的;非法的;犯法的impatient/Im′peIʃnt/adj.不耐烦的;焦躁的inability/ˌInə′bIlətI/n.[U]无能;无力;不能irrelevant/I′reləvənt/adj.无关紧要的;不相关的1[应试指导] 过去分词作定语、状语的考查devote...to...把……致力于……专心于……devotedadj.忠实的bedevotedto致力于,献身于;热爱……devotionn.奉献;关照Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.除非你全心全意地去工作,否则你将永远不会获得成功。(湖南,26)Alannahasalwaysshownintensedevotiontoherchildren.\n阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。[夯实基础](1)用devote的适当形式填空①Heishighlythoughtofbecauseofhisdevotiontoduty.②Hislifeisonedevotedtothepeople.(2)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作原因状语改写句子)②Devotedtocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)2[应试指导] 作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查inone’sposition处于某人的位置(状况)inposition在适当的位置outofposition不在适当的位置takethepositionthat...认为……Onecanfindhispositioninlifeinhisownway.一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。(浙江·阅读D)Leavethebandageinpositionuntilthedoctortellsyoutoremoveit.让绷带保持原样,直到医生叫你拆掉为止。[特别提醒]当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时,引导词应用where。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudothen?(2)Salesdirectorisapositionwherecommunicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.3[应试指导] 后跟非谓语动词的考查allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowsb.sth.允许某人某事\nallowfor考虑到Wedon’tallowsmokinginourhome.在我们家里不允许吸烟。Hewasallowedtoleavethecountry.他获准离开该国。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Thetwins,whohadfinishedtheirhomework,wereallowedtoplay(play)badmintonontheplayground.(2)Wedon’talloweating(eat)intheclassroom.(3)Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicate(communicate)freelywitheachother.4equaladj.相同的,相等的(thesamein...);平等的;相当的;能胜任的(fit;capable);n.同等的人;相等物;v.与……相等,等于(bethesamein...);比得上;抵得过(beasgoodas...)[应试指导] equally写作关联词beequalin在……方面比得上beequaltosth./doingsth.等于;与……相等;胜任……onequalterms在对等的条件下,withoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比Heisaplayerwithoutequal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Iwanttoencouragehertodowell,butequallyIdon’twanttomakeherfeelpressurized.我想鼓励她好好干,但同时我也不想让她有太大压力。[夯实基础](1)语法填空①HeisequaltoTominability.②Hiswifewasdoingworkofequalimportance.③Thetwocountrieshadaconversationonequalterms.(2)他能胜任这项工作。(一句多译)\n①Heisequaltothejob.(equal)②Heisuptothejob.(up)③Heisfitforthejob.(fit)④Heisqualifiedtodo/fordoingthejob.(qualified)5inone’sopinion=intheopinionofsb.在某人看来haveagood/bad/high/lowopinionofsb./sth.对……评价好/不好/高/低Inmyopinion,peopleneedtolearntoaccepttherealityandkeepontrying.依我看,人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。(北京·开放作文)[特别提醒](1)英语中“表达……意见”通常用express/give/offerone’sopinion,而不说makeone’sopinion。(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法,而不用how。(3)英语中常用accordingtosb.或inone’sopinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。[夯实基础]在他看来,这是一本好书。(一句多译)(1)Inhisopinion,thisisagoodbook.(opinion)(2)Accordingtohim,thisisagoodbook.(according)(3)Asfarasheisconcerned,thisisagoodbook.(concerned)(4)Inhisjudgment,thisisagoodbook.(judgment)(5)Inhis(pointof)view,thisisagoodbook.(view)6[应试指导] turn短语语境词义辨析turntosb.forhelp向某人求助turnout结果是;证明是;(为看热闹)蜂拥而至taketurnstodo.../indoing...轮流做……inturn依次;轮流;逐个;相应地byturns轮流地;依次(表现出不同的情感或特质)However,whenitissomethingbeyondmycompetence,Iturntomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp.但是当事情超出我的能力时,我向同学或老师求助。(安徽·书面表达)[夯实基础]\n选择方框内的短语填空(1)Theweatherwasmildandrainybyturnsthroughouttheweek.(2)—Youlookupset.What’sthematter?—Ihadmyproposalturneddownagain.(3)Thousandsofpeopleturnedouttowatchyesterday’smatchagainstIreland.(4)Weareatyourservice.Don’thesitatetoturntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.(5)Heaskedeachofusinturntodescribehowalcoholhadaffectedourlives.7loseone’shearttosb.爱上某人loseone’stemper发脾气loseone’spatience失去耐心loseone’sway迷路WhenIcan’tgetgoodgradesandIaminlowspirits,myparentsalwaysencouragemenevertoloseheart.当我没有取得好成绩情绪低落时,父母总是鼓励我不要丧失信心。(广东·读写任务)[夯实基础]选择方框内的短语填空(1)IfoundI’velostmyhearttoyou.(2)Mygrandfatherbecamefiercewhenhelosthistemper.(3)We’vekeptwaitingforalmostanhour;Ilostmypatience.(4)Whenyoufail,youshouldneverloseheart.1HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.1969年7月,他成为第一个登上月球的人。\n(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物,一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,即后置定语。(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及theonly,thevery修饰时,常用不定式作定语。(3)tocome将来的;tospare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式,有时可转换为介词短语。Heistheonlyonetosurvivetheaccident.他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。Icaughtthetrainwithonlyafewsecondstospare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Thecaptainisthelasttoleave(leave)theship.(2)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink(drink)?(3)Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochange(change)lives,includingyourown.(4)Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.2...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……直到那时,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。Onlybysayingpolitewordscanyougetonwellwithothers.只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。(江西·书面表达)[特别提醒](1)only+从句放在句首时,倒装的是主句,从句不倒装。(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。[夯实基础]单句改错(1)Onlywhenhadhestudiedthedataagainherealizedthattherewasamistake.Onlywhenhehadstudiedthedataagaindidherealizethattherewasamistake.(2)Onlycanmanspeak.Onlymancanspeak.3\nthefirsttime作连词,引导时间状语从句。类似的还有:themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,theday,theweek,themonth,theyear,each/every/next/any/lasttime,immediately,instantly,directly等。Hepaidbackthemoneyheowedusimmediatelyhereturnedhome.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。EverytimeIseetheoldmaninthepark,heisabsorbedinreadingpapers.每次在公园里看到这位老人时,他都在专注地看报。[特别提醒]forthefirsttime在句中只能作状语,不具有连词功能,不能用来引导状语从句。[夯实基础]IfellinlovewithyouthemomentIsawyou.(1)IfellinlovewithyouassoonasIsawyou.(用assoonas改写句子)(2)Ifellinlovewithyouimmediately/directly/instantlyIsawyou.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子)4单元语法——用定语从句的引导词完成句子(1)Whatisthenameofthetownwherewestayedlastnight?(2)Pleaseleavethebookwhereitwas.(3)Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhecried.(4)July,when/inwhichwecangohomeforarest,iscomingsoon.(5)IshallneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrywithmyparents.高考题组Ⅰ.短文改错(2022·陕西)MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.Myunclesallcomealongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownat\nusfromthesky—theywerelookedlikerain!Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinjured.ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!答案MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.Myunclesallalongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,ourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesjumpedupandshottheirarrowsthebird.ofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowsflyingdownatusfromthesky—theywerelooked或werelooked likerain!Werantoescapefortunatelynoonewasinjured.ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntimpressivelessonaboutgravity!Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译1.在我看来,溺爱和过多的关心对孩子的发展尤其有害。(inone’sopinion)(2022·福建·书面表达)Inmyopinion,overprotectionandtoomuchcareareextremelybadforchildren’sdevelopment.2.我们没有赢得比赛,但我们没有灰心。(loseheart)(2022·湖南·书面表达)Wedidn’twinthematch,butwedidn’tloseheart.3.只有这样,我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。(only...)(2022·福建·书面表达)Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.4.我真的对这个职位感兴趣,希望能为你工作。(position)(2022·辽宁·书面表达)I’mreallyinterestedinthispositionandhopeIcanworkforyou.5.原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。(allow)(2022·陕西·书面表达)Thereasonisoftenthatthepressurefromtheirparentsallowsthemalmostnotime\nforotheractivities.6.然后我向老师求助,他建议我和其他同学合作。(turnto)(2022·湖北·短文写作)ThenIturnedtomyteacherandheadvisedmetocooperatewithothers.7.而且,她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。(devote)(2022·浙江·书面表达)Besides,sheoftendevoteshersparetimetohelpingothers.模拟题组Ⅰ.语法填空1.—Yoursisternearlydevotedallhersparetimetoherstudyduringthethreeyears.—That’sright,orshewouldn’thavetaken(not,take)thefirstplaceinherschoolintheCollegeEntranceExamination.2.Pleasereturnyourseatbacktoanuprightposition,whichwilldogoodtoyourhealth.3.Hewasn’tallowedtostay(stay)uplate.4.Idon’tthinkheisequaltodoing(do)thiskindofwork,soIcan’thirehim.5.Wheneverweareintrouble,weshouldneverloseheart.6.Thegovernmenthassetupacommitteetolookintothisaccident.7.ForthefirsttimeinherlifeJennierealizedthatsomanypeoplewerelovingherintheworld.8.OnlybykeepingdowncostswillPowerDataholditsadvantagesoverothercompanies.9.Haveyousentthankyounotestotherelativesfromwhomyoureceivedgifts?10.Thatistheonlywaywecanimaginetoreduce(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Afterheheardthebadnews,hisfacetookonaworryingexpression.worrying→worried2.Severalhourslater,withthehelpofthepolice,thestudentsmanagedtoescapethedangerousplace,hungryandfrightened.escaped后加上from3.Themanwassentenced10years’imprisonmentforrobbingthebank.sentenced后加上to4.Heledtheworkersinfightingthewar.fighting后加上against5.Asmatteroffact,socialcustomsvaryindifferentpartsoftheworld.As后加上a\n6.Thatfootballteamhadwonnogamesanditlostitsheart.去掉its7.Don’tbeworried,becausethereisnothingtoworry.worry后加上about8.MadameCurie,devotingtoscience,wasagreatwoman.devoting→devoted9.Therearemanycardsforyoutochoose.choose后加上from10.ItworriedthepublicwasthatPhelpsshouldtakedrugs.It→WhatⅢ.写作句式升级训练Asamemberofthesociety,Irealizethatresponsibilityisthethingthatitneedstomakeabetterandmoreharmonioussociety.(素材来源于2022·湖北·短文写作)Beingamemberofthesociety,Iamawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabetterandmoreharmonioussociety.(用being...,aware及what从句改写句子)

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