重庆市2022高考英语 阅读理解临考训练(3)
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2022重庆市高考英语(阅读理解)临考训练(3)及答案解析Throughoutthehistoryofthearts,thenatureofcreativityhasremainedconstanttoartists.Nomatterwhatobjectstheyselect,artistsaretobringforthnewforcesandformsthatcausechange-tofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore.Landscape(风景)isanotherunchangingelementofart.Itcanbefoundfromancienttimesthroughthe17th-centuryDutchpainterstothe19th-centuryromanticistsandimpressionists.Inthe1970sAlfredLeslie,oneofthenewAmericanrealists,continuedthispractice.LesliesoughtoutthesameplacewhereThomasCole,aromanticist,hadproducedpaintingsofthesamesceneacenturyandahalfbefore.UnlikeColewhoinsistsonafeelingoflonelinessandtheideaoffindingpeaceinnature,Lesliepaintswhatheactuallysees.Inhispaintings,thereisnoparticularchangeinemotion,andheincludesordinarythingslikethehighwayinthebackground.Healsotakesadvantageofthelatestdevelopmentsofcolorphotography(摄影术)tohelpboththeeyeandthememorywhenheimproveshispaintingbackinhisworkroom.Besides,allartbegstheage-oldquestion:Whatisreal?Eachgenerationofartistshasshowntheirunderstandingofrealityinoneformoranother.Theimpressionistssawrealityinbriefemotionaleffects,therealistsineverydaysubjectsandinforestscenes,andtheCro-Magnoncavepeopleintheirnaturalisticdrawingsoftheanimalsintheancientforests.Tosumup,understandingrealityisanecessarystruggleforartistsofallperiods.Overthousandsofyearsthefunctionoftheartshasremainedrelativelyconstant.Pastorpresent,EasternorWestern,theartsareabasicpartofourimmediateexperience.Manyanddifferentarethefacesofart,andtogethertheyexpressthebasicneedandhopeofhumanbeings.72.Leslie'spaintingsareextraordinarybecause.A.theyarecloseinstyletoworksinancienttimesB.theylooklikeworksby19th-centurypainters-6-\nC.theydrawattentiontocommonthingsinlifeD.theydependheavilyoncolorphotography73.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofartisticreality?A.Itwillnotbefoundinfutureworksofart.B.Itdoesnothavealong-lastingstandard.C.Itisexpressedinafixedartisticform.D.Itislackinginmodernworksofart.74.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttheartsinthelastparagraph?A.Theyexpresspeople'scuriosityaboutthepast.B.Theymakepeopleinterestedineverydayexperience.C.Theyareconsideredimportantforvarietyinform.D.Theyareregardedasamirrorofthehumansituation.75.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Historyofthearts.B.Basicquestionsofthearts.C.Newdevelopmentsinthearts.D.Useofmoderntechnologyinthearts.3答案72.C73.B74.D75.B******************************************************结束(第******篇)FindWhichDirectionIsSouthDoyouhaveagoodsenseofdirection?Ifnot,pleasetakewithyouacompass.Butifyouforgettotakeacompass,youcanstillfindyourway.It’sneveragoodideatoimaginethatthefamilymemberwhowasentrusted(委托)withthejobofmapreadingactuallyknowswherethefamilyis.Youcantellbytheslightlyconfusedlookontheirfacesthatnothingonthegroundseemstomatchthemap.Nevermind.Thesunisshiningandit’sstillmorning.Ifyoudon’tknowtheexacttime,youcanstillfindoutwheresouthis,butyou’llneedtobepatient.①Findastraightstickandputitinthegroundinaplacewhereyoucanmarkitsshadow.-6-\n②Trytopositionthestickasvertically(垂直)asyoucan.Youcancheckthisbymakingasimpleplumbline(铅锤线)withapieceofstringandweight.Youhaven’tgotanystring?OK,useathreadfromyourclotheswithabuttontiedattheendtoactasaweight.③Marktheendoftheshadowcastbythestick.④Waitapproximatelyhalfanhourandmarktheendoftheshadowagain.⑤Keepdoingthisuntilyouhavemadeseveralmarks.⑥Themarknearestthestickwillrepresenttheshortestshadow,whichiscastatmidday,whenthesunishighestintheskyandpointingtotheexactsouth.⑦Pickapointinthedistancealongthelinebetweentheshortestshadowandthestick.⑧Thatpointissouthofwhereyouare.⑨Nowyoucanturnthemap,likeyoudidbefore,andfindwhichwayyoushouldbetravelling.[语篇解读] 你有好的方向感吗?如果没有,那就要带上指南针。如果没带指南针呢?你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向,本文就是教你如何找到方向的。1.Tofindthedirection,weoughttobepatientprobablybecause________.A.itisnoteasytofindaproperstickB.itisnoteasytopositionthestickC.ittakeshourstomakethemarksD.ittakesabouthalfanhourtomakethemarks[解析] 推理判断题。依据文章中的③⑤可以看出,做阴影的标记最费时间,所以要耐心。[答案] C2.Thepassagewouldprobablybemosthelpfulto________.A.thosewhodrawmapsB.thosewhogetlostC.thosewhomakecompassesD.thosewhodoexperiments[解析] 推理判断题。依据文章第二段,“我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致”,可以知道这是迷路时的现象,所以答案为B。[答案] B3.Whichofthefollowingpicturesbestshowsthewayoffindingthedirectionofsouth?-6-\n[解析] 依据文章中⑥的叙述,可知:离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短,证明当时太阳在天空最高,指向的就是最南方,对应的正好是A。[答案] A4.Theauthorpresentsthispassageby________.A.tellinganinterestingstoryB.describinganactivityinalivelywayC.testinganideabyreasoningD.introducingapracticalmethod[解析] 细节理解题。本文介绍的这种方法切实可行,所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的。[答案] D************************************************************************结束(第******篇)Plantscan’tcommunicatebymovingormakingsounds,asmostanimalsdo.Instead,plantsproducevolatilecompounds,chemicalsthateasilychangefromaliquidtoagas.Aflower’ssweetsmell,forexample,comesfromvolatilecompoundsthattheplantproducestoattractinsectssuchasbugsandbees.Plantscanalsodetectvolatilecompoundsproducedbyotherplants.Atreeunderattackbyhungryinsects,forinstance,maygiveoffvolatilecompoundsthatletothertreesknowabouttheattack.Inresponse,theothertreesmaysendoffchemicalstokeepthebugsaway—orevenchemicalsthatattractthebugs’naturalenemies.Nowscientistshavecreatedaquickwaytounderstandwhatplantsaresaying:achemicalsensor(传感器)calledanelectronicnose.The“enose”cantellcompoundsthatcropplantsmakewhenthey’reattacked.Scientistssaytheenosecouldhelpquicklydetectwhetherplantsarebeingeatenbyinsects.Buttodaytheonlywaytodetectsuchinsectsistovisuallyinspectindividualplants.Thisis-6-\nachallengingtaskformanagersofgreenhouses,enclosedgardensthatcanhousethousandsofplants.Theresearchteamworkedwithanenosethatrecognizesvolatilecompounds.Insidethedevice,13sensorschemicallyreactwithvolatilecompounds.Basedontheseinteractions,theenosegivesoffelectronicsignalsthatthescientistsanalyzeusingcomputersoftware.Totestthenose,theteampresenteditwithhealthyleavesfromcucumber,pepperandtomatoplants,allcommongreenhousecrops.Thenthescientistscollectedsamplesofairarounddamagedleavesfromeachtypeofcrop.Theseplantshadbeendamagedbyinsects,orbyscientistswhomadeholesintheleaveswithaholepunch(打孔器).Theenose,itturnsout,couldidentifyhealthycucumber,pepperandtomatoplantsbasedonthevolatilecompoundstheyproduce.Itcouldalsoidentifytomatoleavesthathadbeendamaged.Butevenmoreimpressive,thedevicecouldtellwhichtypeofdamage—byinsectsorwithaholepunch—hadbeendonetothetomatoleaves.Withsomefinetuning,adeviceliketheenosecouldonedaybeusedingreenhousestoquicklyspotharmfulbugs,theresearcherssay.Adevicelikethiscouldalsobeusedtoidentifyfruitsthatareperfectlyripeandreadytopickandeat,saysNataliaDudareva,abiochemistatPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Ind.whostudiessmellsofflowersandplants.Hopefully,scientistsbelieve,thedevicecouldbringlargebenefitstogreenhousemanagersinthenearfuture.[语篇解读] 植物会说话吗?植物如何“交流”?本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。5.Welearnfromthetextthatplantscommunicatewitheachotherby________.A.makingsomesoundsB.wavingtheirleavesC.producingsomechemicalsD.sendingoutelectronicsignals[解析] 事实细节题。从文章第一段中的“Instead,plantsproducevolatilecompounds,chemicalsthat...”可知,植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流,所以答案选C。[答案] C6.Whatdidthescientistsdotofindoutiftheenoseworked?A.Theypresenteditwithallcommoncrops.-6-\nB.Theyfixed13sensorsinsidethedevice.C.Theycollecteddifferentdamagedleaves.D.Theymadetestsondamagedandhealthyleaves.[解析] 逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知,为了证实enose的效果,科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选D。[答案] D7.Accordingtothewriter,themostamazingthingabouttheenoseisthatitcan________.A.pickoutripefruitsB.spottheinsectsquicklyC.distinguishdifferentdamagestotheleavesD.recognizeunhealthytomatoleaves[解析] 事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的“Butevenmoreimpressive,thedevicecouldtellwhichtypeofdamage...”可知,最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的“伤害”。[答案] C8.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthattheenose________.A.isunabletotellthesmellofflowersB.isnotyetusedingreenhousesC.isdesignedbyscientistsatPurdueD.ishelpfulinkillingharmfulinsects[解析] 逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的“couldonedaybeusedingreenhousesto...”推断可知,enose还没有运用到greenhouses中,由此推断B是答案。[答案] B*******************************************************************结束-6-
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