重庆市2022高考英语一轮 阅读理解精品训练题(3)
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重庆市2022高考英语阅读理解一轮(精品)训练题(3)附答案EnglishasaForeignLanguageWhotaughtyoutospeakEnglish?Yourparents,whileyouwereayoungchild?Yourteachersatschool?PerhapseventheBBCasagrown-up.Whoeveritwas,somehowyouhavedevelopedanunderstandingofwhatisrapidlybecomingatrulygloballanguage.Therearenowabout376millionpeoplewhospeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage,andaboutthesamenumberwhohavelearntitinadditiontotheirmothertongue.TherearesaidtobeonebillionpeoplelearningEnglishnowandabout80%oftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.Isthisagoodthing,orabadthing?Shouldwecelebratethefactthatmoreandmoreofuscancommunicate,usingacommonlanguage,acrosscountriesandcultures(文化)?Orshouldweworryaboutthedangersof‘mono-culturalism’,aworldinwhichweallspeakthesamelanguage,eatthesamefoodandlistentothesamemusic?Doesitmatterifanincreasingnumberofpeoplespeakthesamelanguage?Onthecontrary(相反),Iwouldhavethought-althoughIhaveneveracceptedtheargumentthatifonlyweallunderstoodeachotherbetter,therewouldbefewerwars.AskthepeopleofIndia(wheremanyofthemspeakatleastsomeEnglish)andPakistan(thesamesituationwithIndia)…IfweallspeakEnglish,willwethenallstarteatingMcDonaldsburgers?Surelynot.IfEnglishbecomesmoredominant(占主导地位的),itwillkillotherlanguages?Idoubtit.WhenItravelinAfricaorAsia,Iamalwayssurprisedbyhowmanypeoplecanspeaknotonlytheirownlanguagebutoftenoneormoreotherrelatedlanguages,aswellasEnglishandperhapssomeFrenchorGermanaswell.WhenwediscussedthisonTalkingPointacoupleofyearsago,wereceivedawonderfullypoeticemailfromalistenerinIreland.“TheEnglishlanguageisabeautifullanguage.Maybeit’slikearose,”hesaid.“Butwhowouldeverwanttheirgardenjustfullofrose?”Well,Iloveroses,andIthinktheymakeabeautifuladditiontoanygarden.ButthewayIseeit,justbyplantingafewroses,youdon’tnecessarilyneedto-8-\npullouteverythingelse.IfmoreandmorepeoplewanttoplantEnglishroses,that’sfinebyme.58.Bysaying“AskthepeopleofIndia…andPakistan”(inParagraph4),theauthoristryingtoshowthat_____.A.speakingthesamelanguagedoesn’tnecessarilybringpeaceB.warscandestroytherelationshipbetweentwocountriesC.Englishdoesn’tkillotherlanguagesD.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld59.Whatdoes“garden”inthelasttwoparagraphsstandfor?A.LanguageB.FamilyC.TheworldD.TheEarth60.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat______.A.it’sveryhardtoplantmanykindsofflowersinagardenB.it’sgoodforpeoplefromothercountriestolearnEnglishC.moreandmorepeopleliketoplantrosesintheirgardensD.Englishiseasiertolearnthanotherlanguages61.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.whyEnglishhasbecomeagloballanguageB.howmanypeopleintheworldspeakEnglishC.howpeopleintheworldlearnEnglishasaforeignlanguageD.whetherweneedtoworryaboutEnglishbeingaworldlanguage*********************************************************结束(2022·南京二模,D)In1890WilliamJames,theAmericanphilosopherandphysicianandoneofthefoundersofmodernpsychology,definedpsychologyas“thescienceofmentallife”-8-\nandthisdefinitionprovidesagoodstartingpointforourunderstandingeventoday.Weallhaveamentallifeandthereforehavesomeideaaboutwhatthismeans,eventhoughitcanbestudiedinratsormonkeysaswellasinpeopleandtheconceptremainsdifficulttounderstand.Likemostpsychologists,WilliamJameswasparticularlyinterestedinhumanpsychology,whichhethoughtconsistedofcertainbasicelements:thoughtsandfeelings,aphysicalworldwhichexistsintimeandspace,andawayofknowingaboutthesethings.Foreachofus,thisknowledgeisprimarilypersonalandprivate.Itcomesfromourownthoughts,feelingsandexperienceoftheworld,andmayormaynotbeinfluencedbyscientificfactsaboutthings.Forthisreason,itiseasyforustomakejudgementsaboutpsychologicalmattersusingourownexperienceasastandard.Webehaveasamateurpsychologistswhenweofferopinionsoncomplexpsychologicalphenomena.However,problemsarisewhentwopeopleunderstandthesethingsdifferently.Formalpsychologyattemptstoprovidemethodsfordecidingwhichexplanationsaremostlikelytobecorrect,orfordeterminingthecircumstancesunderwhicheachapplies.Theworkofpsychologistshelpsusdistinguishbetweeninsideinformation,whichissubjective,andmaybeprejudicedandunreliable,andthefacts:betweenourpredictionsandwhatis“true”inscientificterms.Psychology,asdefinedbyWilliamJames,isaboutthemindorbrain,butalthoughpsychologistsdostudythebrain,wedonotunderstandnearlyenoughaboutitsworkingstobeabletocomprehendthepartthatitplaysintheexperienceandexpressionofourhopes,fears,andwishes,orinourbehaviourduringexperiencesasvariedasgivingbirthorwatchingafootballmatch.Indeed,itisrarelypossibletostudythebraindirectly.So,psychologistshavediscoveredmorebystudyingourbehaviour,andbyusingtheirobservationstoobtainhypotheses(假设)aboutwhatisgoingoninsideus.本文主要讲述的是对心理学这一概念的定义和理解。13.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.A.thefounderofmodernpsychologyB.thedefinitionofpsychologyC.thecomplexityofpsychologyD.theinfluenceofpsychology答案:B。主旨大意题。由首段首句中的“...definedpsychologyas‘thescienceofmentallife’...”和尾句中的“theconceptremainsdifficulttounderstand”可知本段主要说的是心理学的定义,故选B。14.FromParagraph2,wecanknowthatproblemsarisebecause________.-8-\nA.ofthedifferencebetweeninsideinformationandthefactsB.ofdifferentthoughtsandfeelingsaboutpsychologyC.peopleusuallymakejudgementsbasedontheirownideasD.amateurpsychologistscannotusescientificterms答案:C。事实细节题。总览第2段中的内容可知,问题的出现是由于人们通常是基于自己的想法作出判断,因而会见仁见智,故选C。15.Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsstudythebrainmainly________.A.inadirectwayB.withtheirownexperienceC.byobservinghowitworksD.bywatchingpeople'sbehaviour答案:D。事实细节题。由第3段尾句“So,psychologistshavediscoveredmorebystudyingourbehaviour,andbyusingtheirobservationstoobtainhypothesesaboutwhatisgoingoninsideus.”可知D项正确。16.Whichofthefollowingcanbethefirstsentenceinthefourthparagraph?A.Psychologyisalsoaboutthewayspeopleusetheirmentalabilitiestooperateintheworldaroundthem.B.WilliamJamesisconsideredtobethegreatestpsychologistinthe1890s.C.Psychologysuggeststhatlivingbeingsadapttoachangingenvironmentsothattheycansurvive.D.Itisimportantforpsychologists,aswellasordinarypeople,tobeawareofthereasons.答案:A。推理判断题。从语篇结构可知,第1段引出心理学的概念,第2段谈论心理学的构成要素以及就同一问题产生歧义的原因,第3段说的是研究心理学的方法是研究人的行为,按行文逻辑推理第4段应该是谈论心理学也是关于人们把脑力应用到他们周围的世界的方式。故选A。(2022·江西九校联考,E)Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbors,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman'slifeandtwotoawoman's.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorselfharm.-8-\nEveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn'tsmoke.There'saflip_side,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse'sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,affectedbysocioeconomicfactors,healthserviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetter,healthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays:“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”善于交际和拥有良好的婚姻关系和社会关系网络是长寿的良方。17.LindaWaite'sstudiessupporttheideathat________.A.oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthyB.marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealthC.themarriedarehappierthantheunmarriedD.unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife答案:B。事实细节题。由第2段第2、3句“LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn'tsmoke.”可知答案。18.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”(Line5,Para.2)refersto________.A.thedisadvantagesofbeingmarriedB.theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage-8-\nC.theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone'sfamilyD.theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage答案:A。推理判断题。由第2段后半部分的“aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse'sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.”可推断出说的是婚姻的副作用,故答案为A。19.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?A.Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.B.Theyhelpdeveloppeople'scommunityspirit.C.Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.D.Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife'sburdens.答案:A。推理判断题。由尾段内容可推知A项正确。20.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.It'simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.B.Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.C.Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.D.Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.答案:B。推理判断题。由尾段尾句“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.(人们是相互关联的,健康也是如此)”可推断出B项正确。(2022·厦门适应性考试,E)TheNezPerceIndiansareatribethatlivedinthePacificNorthwestoftheUnitedStates.AtthetimeoftheLewisandClarkexpedition(远征队),whichwasoneofthefirstjourneysbyAmericansfromtheAtlanticcoasttothePacificcoastandbackagain,theNezPerceterritory(领土)coveredabout17millionacres,coveringpartsofWashington,Oregon,andIdaho.Butthatwasabriefsweethistory.InSeptember1805,whenLewisandClarkcameofftheRockiesontheirwestwardjourney,theentireexploringpartywashungryandill—tooweaktodefendthemselves.-8-\nHadtheNezPercechosentoattackthem,theycouldhaveputanendtotheLewisandClarkexpeditionthereonthebanksofClearwaterRiver.InsteadtheNezPercewelcomedthewhiteAmericansandlookedafterthemuntiltheymadeafullrecovery.ThusbeganalongfriendshipbetweentheNezPerceandwhiteAmericans.Butwhitemen'sgreedforlandandgoldfinallybrokethefriendship.In1855GovernorIsaacStevensofWashingtonTerritoryinvitedtheNezPercetoapeaceconference.Hesaidtherewereagreatmanywhitepeopleinthecountry,andmanymorewouldcome.Butthechiefofthetribeatthattime,OldJoseph,replied,“Takeawayyourpaper.Iwillnottouchitwithmyhand.”Thingswerequietforawhileafterthat,butnotforlong.WhenOldJosephdied,thechiefshipwaspassedontoYoungJoseph.Inthelate1870s,governmentofficialscametoordertheNezPercetoleavetheWallowaValleyandthenbeganhardbattlesbetweentheNezPerceandthewhitesoldiers.Afterthetribehadfoughtthirteenbattlesandmoved1,600milestowardsCanadainanattempttoretreat(撤退)north,YoungJoseph,gaveintotheUnitedStatesArmy.Herewashisfamousstatement,“Hearmemychiefs.Iamtired;myheartissickandsad.FromwherethesunnowstandsIwillfightnomoreforever.”In1885,ChiefJosephwassentalongwithmanyofhisbandtotheColvilleReservationinWashingtonwhereJosephcontinuedtoleadhisbandforanother25years,attimescomingintoconflictwiththeleadersof11othertribeslivingonthereservation.本文讲述了印第安部落TheNezPerce与白人的恩怨。16.WhatisTRUEoftheLewisandClarkexpedition?A.TheywerewellcaredforbytheNezPerce.B.TheyendedtheirexpeditiononthebanksofClearwaterRiver.C.TheystartedthefirstbattlewiththeNezPerce.D.TheywerethefirstAmericanstotravelfromtheAtlantictothePacific.答案:A。推理判断题。由第二段第三句话“InsteadtheNezPercewelcomedthewhiteAmericansandlookedafterthemuntiltheymadeafullrecovery.”可知,theNezPerce照顾探险队直到他们完全康复,因此A项正确;第二段第二句话“HadtheNezPercechosentoattackthem,theycouldhaveputanendtotheLewisandClarkexpeditionthereonthebanksofClearwaterRiver.”是虚拟语气,是假设,所以B项错误;C项错误,文中找不到根据;由第一段第二句话“...whichwasoneofthefirstjourneysbyAmericansfromtheAtlanticcoasttothePacificcoastandback-8-\nagain...”可知,D项错误,是最早之一而不是第一次。17.WhatendedthefriendshipbetweentheNezPerceandtheWhites?A.OldJoseph'sproudmanner.B.Thebreakdownofthepeacetalk.C.Agrowingnumberofwhitemenintheland.D.Whitemen'sincreasingdemandforlandandgold.答案:D。细节理解题。由第三段第二句话“Butwhitemen'sgreedforlandandgoldfinallybrokethefriendship.”可知,白人的贪婪破坏了他们的友谊。18.YoungJosephgaveinatlastbecause________.A.hegrewolderB.hewasterriblyillC.hehatedthewarD.helostotherchiefs'support答案:C。推理判断题。由第五段最后Joseph说的话可知,他对战争厌倦了。19.WhichmapmostprobablyshowsthepaththeNezPercetookinthelate1870s?答案:A。识图理解题。由第一段第一句话“TheNezPerceIndiansareatribethatlivedinthePacificNorthwestoftheUnitedStates.”和第五段“Afterthetribehadfoughtthirteenbattlesandmoved1,600milestowardsCanadainanattempttoretreat(撤退)north”可知,TheNezPerceIndians是从美国西北部向北朝加拿大方向撤退,因此A图正确。20.Thepassagemightbefollowedbyaparagraphabout________.A.thecustomsandtraditionsoftheNezPerceIndiansB.thelastyearsofChiefJosephintheColvilleReservationC.lastingfightsbetweentheNezPerceandthewhitesD.constantconflictsbetweentheNezPerceandothertribes解析:B。推理判断题。文章后三段讲的是部落首领Joseph,因此接下来会讲他在保留地里的最后的生活。-8-
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