（新课标）2022届高考英语二轮复习 unit4 period 2 Learning about Language & Using Language同步精炼 新人教版选修8

Unit4PygmalionPeriod2LearningaboutLanguage&singLanguage同步精练（人教版选修8，课标通用）　　　时间：30分钟Ⅰ.短语填空havethefaceto；fadeaway；generallyspeaking；makeone'sacquaintance；whatif；rob...of...；deepin；oncemore；takeaway；dealwith1.________________，patientswhotookthismedicinesufferednoillresults.2．They________thebank________millionsofdollars.3．________________wewonthelottery?4．Thesoundofthemotorbike________________inthedistance.5．Howcanyou________________________________comehome?Goaway!6．Shelayinbed，awake，________________thoughtlastnight.7．Ifanybodycomes，askhimto________________hisbook.8．Itisarealwonderto________________________.9．Thatisthespiritwearecalledtoshow________________.10．Healwaystriesto________________problemsintheabstractandneverthinksofthepracticaldetails.答案　1.Generallyspeaking　2.robbed；of　3.Whatif4．fadedaway　5.havethefaceto　6.deepin　7.takeaway8．makeyouracquaintance　9.oncemore　10.dealwithⅡ.完成句子1．二十年后，那可怕的经历逐渐从记忆中消失了。(fadeaway)Memoriesoftheterribleexperience________________aftertwentyyears.2．你干这么少工作还有脸多要钱？(havethefaceto)Howcanyou________________________________________________moremoneywhenyoudosolittlework?3．如果我们将画移到那将会怎样？(whatif)________________wemovethepictureoverthere?4．我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。(otherwise)Wedidn'tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime，________we________________________youahand.5．如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。(虚拟语气)Ifhe________________myadvice，he________________________________suchamistake.答案　1.fadedaway　2.havethefacetoaskfor　3.Whatif4．otherwise；wouldhavegiven　5.hadtaken；wouldnothavemadeⅢ.单项填空1．I________soonerbutIdidn'tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A．hadcomeB．wascomingC．wouldcomeD．wouldhavecome-7-\n解析　考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。句意：我本该早点儿来的，但我不知道当时他们正在等我。根据后面一句话的意思可反推出说话人觉得自己当时应该早点到，但实际上过去并未这么做。wouldhavedonesth表示“过去本来会做某事”，暗含的意思是过去并未做到。答案　D2．Histastesandhabits________withthoseofhiswife.A．combineB．competeC．coincideD．compromise解析　句意：他们夫妻习惯爱好都一样。coincide意为“巧合”。其他三个词和介词with搭配的意思分别为：combinewith意为“与……结合/联合”；compromisewith意为“跟……妥协”；competewith意为“与……竞争或进行比赛”。答案　C3．Americanwomenwere________therighttovoteuntil1920afteryearsofhardstruggle.A．ignoredB．deniedC．overlookedD．neglected解析　denysbsth拒绝给予。答案　B4．Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A．beingrobbedB．havingbeenrobbedC．tohavebeenrobbedD．robbed解析　句意：据本地报纸报道，这家银行昨天光天化日之下被抢劫。sth/sbisreportedtodosth某物/人被报道做某事。答案　C5．Iwonderhowanyonecan________condemnotherswhenhereflectsuponhisownthoughts.A．havethefacetoB．hasthefacetoC．haveafacetoD．havefaceto解析　句意：我真奇怪一个人在对自己的思想进行检讨后怎么还能有脸去谴责别人。havethefacetodosth毫不羞耻地做某事。答案　A6．Itwasa________accident—I'llspareyouthedetails.A．horribleB．horriblyC．possibleD．possibly解析　句意：这是一场可怕的事故。我会告诉你细节的。horrible可怕的，恐怖的。答案　A7．Themotherwouldrathertheboy________whatshedemandsofhim—tosetthefrog________free.A．todo；caughtaliveB．did；beingcaughtlivingC．did；caughtaliveD．haddone；caughtlovely解析　考查虚拟语气和形容词。句意：这位母亲想让小男孩照她说的做：把那只被活捉的青蛙放了。该句中的wouldrather后面要用一般过去时表示虚拟；而那只鸟是被活捉，所以要用caughtalive。答案　C8．Therearetoomanydifficultiesforus________.Wereallydon'tknow________todo.-7-\nA．todealwith；whatB．todealwith;howC．todowith;howD．todowith：what解析　考查动词。句意：有大多的困难让我们处理，我们真的不知道该做些什么。处理困难要用dealwith；而第二个空后面的do缺少宾语，应该用what。答案　A9．Thesoundofthetrain________inthedistance.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A．fadedoutB．fadedawayC．diedawayD．diedout解析　句意：火车的声音渐渐消失在远方。fadeout，fadeaway，dieaway都可指声音渐渐消失。dieout“灭绝，灭亡，绝种”。答案　D10．Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto________honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.A．distinguishB．disguiseC．dissolveD．discount解析　句意：许多人事经理声称由于不诚实应征者人数上升，越来越难和诚实的应征者加以区分了。distinguish辨别；disguise掩饰，假装，假扮；dissolve溶解，消除；discount折扣。答案　A11．BobandIseeeachother________butnotasoftenasweusedto.A．oncemoreB．onceinawhileC．intheendD．moreorless解析　句意：鲍勃与我偶尔会见面，但不像以前那么经常了。onceinawhile“间或，偶尔”符合句意。oncemore再次；intheend最后；moreorless或多或少。答案　B12．Manyyouthdon'tknowwhatto________atuniversity;theycan'tmakeuptheirmindsaboutthefuture.A．takeawayB．takeupC．takeoverD．takeafter解析　考查动词短语。句意：许多年轻人不知道在大学里应该学习什么，他们对自己的未来拿不定主意。takeaway带走，解除，消除；takeup开始从事，占据；takeover接收，接管；takeafter(面貌、言行等)像。答案　B13．—Jack，youseeminhighspirits.—________Wewonthematch4∶0.A．Guesswhat?B．Sowhat?C．Nowonder.D．Nodoubt.解析　考查情景交际。句意：——杰克，看起来精神不错呀。——你猜猜怎么了？我们以四比零赢得了比赛。Guesswhat？“猜猜怎么了？”Sowhat“那又怎么样呢？”Nowonder.“难怪；怪不得”；Nodoubt.“毫无疑问”。根据句意选A项。答案　A14．Humanbehaviourismostlyaproductoflearning，________thebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyoninstinct.A．otherwiseB．whereasC．unlessD．nevertheless-7-\n解析　句意：人类的行为大多是学习的产物，而动物的行为则主要依靠本能。whereas意为“然而，却”，引导对立的从句；otherwise意为“否则”；unless意为“除非”；nevertheless意为“然而”，不引导从句。答案　B15．Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob，________theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.A．considerB．consideringC．toconsiderD．considered解析　before引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为祈使句，故动词用原形。其中itwillhave...为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句。答案　AⅣ.阅读理解AIfyou'reoutforawalkandabirdinatreesaystoyou“Hellothere”，don'tworry,you'renotgoingmad.Naturalistshavereportedagrowingphenomenonofpetparrotsthathavebeentaughttorepeatphrasesbytheirownersbeforeescapingfromtheircagesandthenpassingonthetechniquetothewildflockstheyjoin.“Hellothere！”，“Hellodarling！”and“What'shappening？”areamongthechorusofcommentsthatflocksofwildbirdshavebeenrepeatingafterpickingupwordsandsentencesfromotherbirdsthatwereoncehouseholdpets.NaturalistMartynRobinsonsaid：“We'vehadpeoplecallingusthinkingthey'vehadsomethingputintotheirdrinkbecausethey'vegoneouttolookattheflockofbirdsintheirbackyardandallthebirdshavebeensayingsomethinglike‘Who'saprettyboy,then？’？”Mr.Robinson,whoisbasedattheAustralianMuseuminSydney,saidtheusualsequenceofeventssawacagedparrotofsomekindwhichhadbeentaughtphrasesbuthadthenmadeitsescape.Itwouldthenjoinawildflockandchatterawayinthetrees，itswordsbeinglearnedbyyoungerbirdsintheflock.Theolderoneswouldbeunlikelytostartlearning.Whenchicksareborn,theyhearthewordsbeingspokenbytheolderbirdsandgrowuprepeatingthephrases.Andsoitcontinues,generationaftergeneration.Mr.RobinsonsaidthatbecauseofadroughtinthewesternregionsofNewSouthWales,flocksofwildbirds—“speakers”amongthem—havebeenflyingtoSydney,wheremorefoodisavailable,andhavebeenhangingaroundsuburbangardens.Fromthetreetopsingardens,fromchimneypotsandlampposts,theflockshavebeentalkingaway,leavingmanypeoplewonderingiftheirmindswereplayingtricksonthem.“Thesebirdsareverysmartandverysocial,meaningthatcommunicationandcontactisimportantbetweenthem，”saidMr.Robinson.“Ijusthopeapetbirdthat'sbeentaughtdirtywordsdoesn'tjoinaflockbecausewedon'twanttohearthatkindofthinggoingaroundthebackgardens.”【语篇解读】很多悉尼居民可以在自家的花园中听到一群野生鹦鹉在树梢上对他们说，“你好”“出什么事了”，这是为什么呢？1．Whenpeopleheardaflockofbirdssay“Hellothere！”,theyfelt________.A．therewassomethingwrongwiththeirmindsB．theyhaddrunksomewineC．theywereinaworldofparrots-7-\nD．theyheardpeoplespeaking解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段、第三段以及倒数第二段的信息可知，人们在听到野生鹦鹉说话时感到很诧异，以为自己的大脑出了什么问题。答案　A2．Flocksofwildbird“speakers”havebeenflyingtoSydneybecause________.A．theyarefollowingsomeescapedpetparrotsB．itiseasyforthemtofindfoodinSydneyC．therearefewerbirdsleftinNewSouthWalesD．theyareontheirwayofmigration解析　细节理解题。从文章倒数第三段可知，这些会说话的野生鹦鹉从新南威尔士州飞到了悉尼，原因是新南威尔土州大旱，缺少食物，而悉尼有很多食物。答案　B3．Whichofthefollowinggivesthecorrectorderofeventsgiveninthepassage?a．Peoplehearabirdinatreesay“Hellothere！”．b．Thepetparrotescapedfromitscage.c．Aflockofwildparrotslearnedtospeakfromtheescaped“speaker”．d．Apetparrotpickedupsomesentencesfromitsowner.e．Thepetparrotjoinedaflockofwildbirds.A．h,c,d,a,eB．e,a,c,d,bC．d,b,e,c,aD．e,b,c,a,d解析　细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段的信息可知，C项符合文章所陈述的事实的顺序。答案　C4．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．parrotsliketolearntospeakhumanlanguageB．youngerbirdsaremostlikelytolearnthelanguagefromtheescapedparrotsC．parrotscanlearntospeakfromeachother,whetheroldoryoungD．parrotsflocktogetherbecausetheyspeakthesamelanguage解析　细节理解题。从文章第四段的第二、三、四句可知，幼鸟更有可能跟逃出来的会说话的宠物鹦鹉学习人类的习惯用语。答案　BBIn1890WilliamJames,theAmericanphilosopherandphysicianandoneofthefoundersofmodernpsychology,definedpsychologyas“thescienceofmentallife”andthisdefinitionprovidesagoodstartingpointforourunderstandingeventoday.Weallhaveamentallifeandthereforehavesomeideaaboutwhatthismeans,eventhoughitcanbestudiedinratsormonkeysaswellasinpeopleandtheconceptremainsdifficulttounderstand.Likemostpsychologists,WilliamJameswasparticularlyinterestedinhumanpsychology,whichhethoughtconsistedofcertainbasicelements:thoughtsandfeelings,aphysicalworldwhichexistsintimeandspace,andawayofknowingaboutthesethings.Foreachofus,thisknowledgeisprimarilypersonalandprivate.Itcomesfromourownthoughts,feelingsandexperienceoftheworld,andmayormaynotbeinfluencedbyscientificfactsaboutthings.Forthisreason,itiseasyforustomakejudgmentsaboutpsycho1ogicalmattersusingourownexperienceasastandard.Webehaveasamateurpsychologistswhenweofferopinionsoncomplexpsychological-7-\nphenomena.However,problemsarisewhentwopeopleunderstandthesethingsdifferently.Formalpsychologyattemptstoprovidemethodsfordecidingwhichexplanationsaremostlikelytobecorrect,orfordeterminingthecircumstancesunderwhicheachapplies.Theworkofpsychologistshelpsusdistinguishbetweeninsideinformation,whichissubjective,andmaybeprejudicedandunreliable,andthefacts:betweenourpredictionsandwhatis“true”inscientificterms.Psychology,asdefinedbyWilliamJames,isaboutthemindorbrain,butalthoughpsychologistsdostudythebrain,wedonotunderstandnearlyenoughaboutitsworkingstoheabletocomprehendthepartthatitplaysintheexperienceandexpressionofourhopes,fears,andwishes,orinourbehaviorduringexperiencesasvariedasgivingbirthorwatchingafootballmatch.Indeed,itisrarelypossibletostudythebraindirectly.So,psychologistshavediscoveredmorebystudyingourbehavior,andbyusingtheirobservationstoobtainhypotheses(假设)aboutwhatisgoingoninsideus.【语篇解读】虽然被誉为“美国现代心理学之父”的威廉·詹姆斯给出了心理学的定义，但是这种抽象的理论研究仍然存在许多难以洞察的现象。5．Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.A．thefounderofmodempsychologyB．thedefinitionofpsychologyC．thecomplexityofpsychologyD．theinfluenceofpsychology解析　主旨大意题。本段第一句开门见山地交代了中心话题，后面进行了深入分析，所以本段的大意是”心理学的定义”。答案　B6．FromParagraph2，wecanknowthatproblemsarisebecause________.A．ofthedifferencebetweeninsideinformationandthefactsB．ofdifferentthoughtsandfeelingsaboutpsychologyC．peopleusuallymakejudgmentsbasedontheirownideasD．amateurpsychologistscannotusescientificterms解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Forthisreason，itiseasyforustomakejudgements...However,problemsarisewhentwoeopleunderstandthesethingsdifferently.”可推断之所以出现问题是因为人们通常用自己的观点作出判断。答案　C7．Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsstudythebrainmainly________.A．inadirectwayB．withtheirownexperienceC．byobservinghowitworksD．bywatchingpeople'sbehavior解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知心理学家主要是通过观察人们的行为对大脑进行研究。答案　D8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethefirstsentenceinthefourthparagraph?A．Psychologyisalsoaboutthewayspeopleusetheirmentalabilitiestooperateintheworldaroundthem.B．WilliamJamesisconsideredtobethegreatestpsychologistinthe1890s.-7-\nC．Psychologysuggeststhatlivingbeingsadapttoachangingenvironmentsothattheycansurvive.D．Itisimportantforpsychologists,aswellasordinarypeople,tobe,awareofthereasons.解析　推理判断题。第四段应该承接的是第三段的内容，根据第三段第一句前半部分中的内容可推测A项与文章结构最吻合。答案　A-7-