（河南专用）2022届高考英语一轮复习方案 作业手册（15）模块5 Unit 15 Learning（含解析） 北师大版

课时作业(十五)　[模块5　Unit15Learning](限时：40分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.单项填空1．Safetyregulationsarebeing________bycompanymanagersinthedrivetoincreaseprofits.That'swhytheaccidenthappened.A．leftB．thrownC．ignoredD．emphasized2．Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy________tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.A．accessB．passageC．wayD．approach3．IplantogobackhometovisitmyfamilyduringtheSpringFestival,butifIcan'tgetthetrainticket,Istillhavean________plan:tovisitthemuseums.A．alternateB．alternativeC．absoluteD．appreciable4.Hardly________seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasThomson.A．hadsheB．shehadC．hassheD．shehas5．Idon'tknowwhatwillbecome________theboyifhekeepsfailinghisexaminations.A．withB．inC．ofD．on6．Keepon!You'llsoongetaccustomed________walkinglongdistance.A．inB．withC．toD．for7．ManyschoolsintheUSAdidnotapproveofstudents________jeanstoschool.A．towearB．wearingC．wearD．havingworn8．She________thathewritealetterexplainingwhyhedidn'tturnupatherbirthdayparty.A．hopedB．supposedC．expectedD．urged9．Idon'tthinktheseissuesare________discussingwiththeministers.A．worthyB．worthC．worthyofD．worthto10．Thestorehadto________anumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown.-8-\nA．layoutB．layoffC．layasideD．laydownⅡ.完形填空Comparedwiththechildrenofafewdecadesback,today'schildrenseemtobeluckier:theyenjoybetterhealthowingtorecentadvancesinmedicineandinpublichealthcare.Theyalsoenjoyallthe__11__ofmodernlifephysicallyandmaterially.Today'schildrenseemtobemuch__12__offthantheirpredecessors.Nevertheless,__13__theimprovedstandardsof__14__，manychildrennowadaysseemtobeemotionally__15__sincemostparentsarespendinglesstimewiththeirchildren,solittle,in__16__，thatmanycould__17__becalled“weekendparents”.Anincreasingnumberofmothersaretakingfulltimejobs,__18__theirchildreninthecareofbabysittersornurseries.Timehasbecomealuxuryfewparentscan__19__becauseofthepressuresoftheirworkandtheverybriskpaceoflifeinour__20__society.Onthe__21__hand,theseworkingparentscanoftenwellaffordto__22__theirchildrenwiththebestfood,clothes,toysandother__23__desires.But__24__tosay,theyfailto__25__theemotionalrequirementsoftheirgrowingchildren.Asanotedpediatrician(儿科医生)oftheMedicalandHealthDepartment__26__，childrenneedlove,security,praise,recognitionandresponsibility.Iftheseneedsarenot__27__，theirdevelopmentmightbestunted(抑制).Childpsychologistsall__28__thatsomeillnessandemotionaldisturbances__29__tochildrenarebecauseofalackofparentalcare.Inthelightofthis,parentswhoreally__30__theirchildrenshouldbesurethattherearegoodlinesofcommunicationbetweenthemselvesandtheirchildren,despitetheirheavyworkloads.11.A．comfortsB．facilitiesC．pleasureD．appliances12.A．betterB．biggerC．smallerD．worse13.A．duetoB．regardingC．forD．inspiteof14.A．housingB．livingC．caringD．earning15.A．providedB．deprivedC．disappearedD．hollowed16.A．generalB．factC．totalD．truth17.A．wronglyB．rightlyC．totallyD．namely18.A．entrustingB．leavingC．lendingD．making19.A．affordB．spendC．wasteD．do20.A．passiveB．activeC．competitiveD．dangerous-8-\n21.A．otherB．othersC．anotherD．more22.A．buyB．offerC．giveD．provide23.A．emotionalB．physicalC．materialD．intellectual24.A．sadB．happyC．luckyD．unfortunate25.A．showB．feelC．satisfyD．create26.A．talksB．explainsC．speaksD．asks27.A．madeB．takenC．metD．done28.A．argueB．admitC．tellD．disagree29.A．commonB．popularC．ordinaryD．public30.A．lookafterB．bringupC．careaboutD．agreewithⅢ.阅读理解A[2022·山东卷改编]OneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire，”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum(精神病院)fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.-8-\nIn1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414，825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.31.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________.A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary32.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.D.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.33.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.Hewasshutinanasylum.B.HelivedfarfromOxford.C.Hewasbusywritingabook.D.Hedislikedtraveling.34.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________.A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadacommoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinorBThingshavereallychanged.Notonlyisthemilitarystandingtallagain,butitisstagingaremarkablecomebackinthequantityandqualityoftherecruits(新兵).Recruits,oncedenouncedbyantiwarstudentsas“babykillers”andbarredfrom(从……扫除)campuses,arewelcomedeveratfamousuniversities.ROTC(美国后备军官训练队)programsthatoncefalteredareflourishingagain.Themilitaryacademiesareenjoyingasteadyincreaseinapplications.Certainly,thedepressedeconomyhasincreasedtheallure(诱惑)ofthejobs,technicaltrainingandgenerousstudentloansofferedbythemilitary.Studentsknowthatiftheygoinandbecome,say,nuclearweaponsspecialists,theycan_come_out_anddemandasalaryof$60，000ayear.Militarysalaries,whilenotalwayscompetitivewiththosepaidforcomparablejobsintheprivatesector,aremorethanrespectable,especiallyconsideringthewidearrayofbenefitsthatareavailable:freemedicalservice,roomandboard,andPX(PostExchange)privileges.Monthlypayforarecruitis$574;forasergeantwithfouryears'serviceitis$906;foramajorwithtenyears'serviceitis$2，305.ThewelfarehashelpedwinovertheTVgeneration.Kidsarewalkingdowntheschoolhallwayschanting“Army,Navy,AirForce,Marines”.-8-\nThereisareturntotheviewthatthemilitaryisanhonorableprofession.ThedaysofajudgetellingamiscreanttojointheArmyorgotojailareover.Recruitingforallfourservicescombinedisrunningat101%ofauthorizedgoals.Andtheretentionrateisnowsohighthattheservicesarerefusingsomereenlistmentapplicationsandreducingannualrecruitingtarget.Themilitaryacademicsarealsoenjoyinghalcyonyears，attractingmoreandbetterqualifiedstudents.Comparedtoprivatecolleges,wheretuitionandexpenseshavebeenclimbingsharply,theserviceschoolsarearealbargain:notonlyistuitionfree,butrecruitsgetallowancesofupto$500amonth.Itisreported12，300applicantsareforthe1，450positionsinthisyear'sfreshmanclass.Militaryacademiesarenowjustasselectiveasanyofthebestuniversitiesinthecountry.Nationwide,ROTCenrollmentexceeds105，000，a64%increaseoverthe1974figure.Inthemid70's,theROTCstudentsrefusedtoweartheiruniformsoncampusbecausetheysufferedallsortsofridicule,iftheydid.Nowiftheywearthemtoclassnoonelooksatthemtwice.35．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Themilitaryisin.B．Themilitaryisup.C．Themilitaryisdown.D．Themilitaryison.36．Whatwastheattitudeofthestudentsin1970stowardsthemilitary?A．Approval.B．Indifferent.C．Distaste.D．Scolding.37．Theunderlinedphrase“comeout”isclosestinmeaningto“______”．A．becomevisibleB．begintogrowC．bemadepublicD．gainacertainposition38．WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasontoattractstudents?A．Freetuition.B．Spaciousroom.C．Considerateallowance.D．Technicaltraining.Ⅳ.短文改错Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareconcerningabouttheirhealth,buthowtokeephealth?First,itisnecessarytotakeanyexerciseeveryday.Researchshowsthatgetplentyofexercisemakestheheartbeatfastandthelungsworkharder.Second,eatmorefruits,vegetableandlessmeat.Third,gettingridofbadhabitsassmokinganddrinkingisalsoimportantwaytokeephealthy.Smokingandalcoholdrinkinginjuresone'shealthagreatdeal,andthereforeshouldbegivenup.Ifpeoplefollowthesethreewaysofkeepingfit,they'llgreatimprovetheirhealth.参考答案-8-\n课时作业(十五)Ⅰ.1.C　考查动词词义辨析。leave离开，丢下；throw扔掉；ignore忽视，不顾；emphasize强调。句意：受增长收益的驱使，安全措施被公司经理忽视了，那正是这次事故发生的原因。结合句意可知C项为正确答案。2．A　考查名词辨析。句意：这个体系设计的目的是为了给学生们快速、容易地使用图书馆电子资源的机会。accessto的意思是：接近或使用某物的机会或权利。由以上分析可知答案为A。approach的意思是“方法”，不符合语境。3．B　考查形容词辨析。alternative可供选择的；absolute完全的；alternate轮流的；appreciable足以认为重要的。句意：春节期间我打算回家探亲，但是如果买不到火车票，我还有别的安排，参观博物馆。4.C　考查倒装。hardly等否定词放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，又由从句中的can可知此处应该用现在时，故选C项。5．C　考查固定搭配。becomeof表示“降临于，遭遇，发生”，是固定搭配，故答案为C。6．C　考查固定搭配。beaccustomedto(doing)sth.是固定搭配，表示“习惯于(做)某事”。7．B　考查固定搭配。approveofsb.doingsth.是固定搭配，表示“赞成某人做某事”。8．D　考查动词的用法辨析。四个选项都可以接宾语从句，但只有urge后接宾语从句时要求从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。故答案为D。9．B　考查worth与worthy的用法区别。beworthdoing值得做……；beworthyofsth./beingdone值得做……；beworthytobedone值得做……所以答案是B。10．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为销售额下降，商店不得不裁掉大批雇员。layout展开，摆开；layoff(暂时)解雇，裁减；layaside放在一边；laydown放下，规定，制定。Ⅱ.与几十年前相比，如今的孩子能享受更好的医疗保障，享受更多现代生活带来的舒适，但他们似乎有好多东西被剥夺了。随着工作压力的增大，父母陪伴在孩子身边似乎成了一种奢侈。作者呼吁父母应当更多地与孩子在一起，以满足孩子的情感需求。11.A　词义辨析题。comforts指“使生活舒适的事物”。pleasure意为“愉快，快乐”，用在这里不合适。12．A13.D　上下文推理题。前后句之间为让步关系，因此用inspiteof“尽管”。14.B　由上文内容可知生活水平提高了，因此用standardsofliving。15.B　由后半句大多数父母与孩子在一起的时间越来越少，可推测孩子在情感上被掠夺了。其他选项不符合语境。16.B　此处是进一步说明父母与孩子在一起的时间少，少到可将父母称为“周末父母”。所以用infact来强调前面说的父母陪伴孩子时间少的事实。17.B　词义辨析题。rightly表示“恰当地”。说明将父母称为“周末父母”的准确程度。18.B　由句中“inthecareofbabysittersornurseries”可知是将孩子留给他人照管，所以用leaving。19.A　上下文推理题。根据前面aluxury可推测此空为afford，此处意思为“时间成了极少数父母负担得起的奢侈品”。20.C　上下文推理题。根据前面“pressuresoftheirworkandtheverybriskpaceoflife”可推测我们处于一个竞争非常激烈的社会。21．A-8-\n22.D　providesb.withsth.“提供某物给某人”。其他选项后接双宾语。23.C　归纳词义题。由前面提到的food,clothes,toys可知这些属于物质的范围。24.A　25.C　词组搭配题。由后面的requirements可知用satisfy，表示满足要求。26.B　词语辨析题。speak不可接说的具体内容；不是医生的提问，所以排除asks；talk为不及物动词，不接说的具体内容。用explain，这里意思为“正如……解释的那样”。27.C　28.B　上下文推理题。心理医生的意见是一致的，用admit“承认”。29.A　commontosb.意为“对某人来说是常见的、普遍的”。30.C　上下文推理题。根据医生所说的，父母应该保证与孩子之间的交流，由此可推测：如果真的关心孩子，无论工作有多忙都要与孩子沟通。Ⅲ.A这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津英语词典的编写过程，以及Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。31.D　细节理解题。从最后一段的“Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.”看出A选项是不正确的；从第二段的“MurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.”看出牛津词典是集体智慧的结晶，故B项不正确；由第一段最后一句中“ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossible”可知，C项不正确。故选D。32.C　细节理解题。从第三段的“MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.”看出，Minor提供了大量词汇和引文。故选C。33.A　细节理解题。从第四段的“MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyInsane.”看出，是由于Minor患精神病被关进医院里，所以没有办法去牛津。故选A。34.B　细节理解题。从第二段Minor自愿加入编词典这个活动可知，他对此很感兴趣，与Murray有着共同的兴趣，再从文章倒数第三段的“MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.”可找到答案。故选B。B35．A　主旨大意题。军队又吃香了。(to)bein有“流行，时髦”之意。全篇文章围绕这一点而写。文章一开头就点明主旨“事情真的变了，军队形象不仅再度高大，招收新兵的质量和数量也明显得到恢复”。36．C　观点态度题。第一段第三句“新兵曾一度被反战学生谴责为‘杀婴犯’而被逐出校园，而现在甚至名牌大学都对其欢迎。后备军官训练队曾动摇不定，如今又兴旺起来”及最后一段倒数第二句“70年代中期，后备军官训练队学生不愿在校内穿制服，因为穿了就遭到各种嘲笑”都说明在70年代，学生对军队的态度是“厌恶”。37．D　词义猜测题。comeout有gainacertainposition“获得(名次、地位)”之意。第二段第二句“学生们知道，要是参军，当上譬如核武器专家，他们就能扬名，并可要求6万美元年薪”。38．B-8-\nⅣ.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareconcerningconcernedabouttheirhealth,buthowtokeephealthhealthy?First,itisnecessarytotakeanysomeexerciseeveryday.Researchshowsthatgetgettingplentyofexercisemakestheheartbeatfastfasterandthelungsworkharder.Second,eatmorefruits,vegetablevegetablesandlessmeat.Third,gettingridofbadhabitsaslikesmokinganddrinkingisalso∧animportantwaytokeephealthy.Smokingandalcoholdrinkinginjuresinjureone'shealthagreatdeal,andthereforeshouldbegivenup.Ifpeoplefollowthesethreewaysofkeepingfit,they'llgreatgreatlyimprovetheirhealth.-8-