统考版2023高考英语一轮复习课时提能练38选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析新人教版20230238261

课时提能练(三十八)选修8　Unit3　InventorsandinventionsA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Mostpupilshave1．expectations(expect)thattheycanparticipateinvarietiesof2．practical(practice)activitiesoffcampus.Manystudent3．associations(associate)oftenorganizesuchactivities,offeringgreat4．convenience(convenient)forthepupils.However,expertsandparentsare5．cautious(caution)aboutpupilstakingpartinsocialactivities.Pupilsare6．innocent(innocence),andtheyareeasilytakenin.Besides,manyoftenignoretheirsecuritywhen7．merrily(merry)involvedintheseactivities.Schoolsmustwarntheirpupilsnottotrustthosewhotakeinterestinthem8．abruptly(abrupt)buthesitatetoshowtheir9．identification(identify)cards.B(考查动词)Thereareamazingthingsaboutbabies.Theylearntoseeby10．distinguishing(distinguish)betweenareasoflightanddark.Theystarttousetheirwholehand11．toseize(seize)toysandobjectsaround5monthsofage.Theyarefound12．tapping(tap)onsmartphoneswhentheyareasyoungas6months.Someonesaysbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainacts13．areassociated(associate)withphysiological“drives”.However,thisisnotthecase.14．Bear(bear)inmindthatyourbabyiseagertoexperiencethejoyofsuccessjustlikeanadult.Torequestmoredetailsabouthowbabieslearn,you'rewelcome15．todial(dial)thephonenumber＋610894149099tocontactusatanytime.C(考查句型)Therebeingnocustomersatthishour,mymotherclosedhershop.Beforelongsheappearedinfrontofme.“Drinkthemilk16．beforeitbecomescoldandthengotosleep，”shesaidtome.Acompetitionwastotakeplacethenextday.17．Being(be)verygoodatsciencesubjects,Ihadagoodchanceofgaininghighgrades.18．Convinced(convince)thatIwouldnotletherdown,shestillexpectedmetosleepwellandrefreshmymindbeforethecompetition.“Don'tstayuptoolate,19．oryou'llfeeltiredtomorrow.”Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有7处错误)IhadlongedforachancetoliveinanAfricancountryforacoupleofyears.\nThedayfinallycamethatIwassenttoworkinEgypt.However,thingsdon'tworkoutashadbeenexpected.OnlyafterIgottheredidIrealizedhowdifficultitwastoliveinacompletedifferentculture.Itwasnotjustmatterofgettingusedtoit.Youhadtolearnhowtointegrateyourselfintotheirsociety.SometimesIgotdiscouragedwithsituationsthatwentagainsttomybelieformywill.Livingabroadissomethingreallyworththoughtabout.【答案】　IhadlongedforachancetoliveinanAfricancountryforacoupleofyears.ThedayfinallycameIwassenttoworkinEgypt.However,thingsworkoutashadbeenexpected.OnlyafterIgottheredidIhowdifficultitwastoliveinadifferentculture.Itwasnotjustmatterofgettingusedtoit.Youhadtolearnhowtointegrateyourselfintotheirsociety.SometimesIgotdiscouragedwithsituationsthatwentagainstmybelieformywill.Livingabroadissomethingreallyworthabout.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．你方便时就来看我。Comeandseemewheneveritisconvenientforyou．2．身边应多准备一些开水，以备不时之需。Extraboiledwatershouldbekeptathandjustincaseitisneeded．3．冰加热时会变成水。(状语从句的省略)Whenheated，icecanbechangedintowater.4．我很少看到这么明亮的月亮。RarelyhaveIseensuchabrightmoon.5．不要放弃，否则的话你会一事无成。Don'tgiveuporyouwillachievenothing．B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·湖南省六校联考)Whenyouthinkofbatteries，you'lllikelythinkaboutthempoweringupremotecontrols，cellphones，flashlightsandtoys.Butsomepeoplecarryabatteryaroundintheirbodytopowerapacemaker(起搏器)．Itisn'treallypleasant\nandeasytocarrybatteriesbecausetheyneedtobereplacedsooftenandtheycanleakpoisonouschemicals.Abatterypoweredpacemakermaybecomeathingofthepast，thankstoanewtechnologydevelopedbyUCLAresearchers:Abiologicalsupercapacitor(超级电容器)，whichisthinnerthanseveralhairs.TeamsofresearchersatUCLAandtheUniversityofConnecticutpublishedapaperinajournalexplainingtheirnewinvention.Thesupercapacitorismadefromacarbonmaterial，andcoatedwithhumanlikeproteinsthatactaselectrodes(电极)．Butwhatmakesthedevicedifferentisthatitispoweredbyanenergyharvesterthatchangesbodyheatandmovementinthebloodintoenergy.Thosetraditionalpacemakersaresixtoeightmillimetersthick.Theyaremuchbigger.Thenewsupercapacitor，which，duetoitslackofbattery，isonlyonemicrometerthick.This“little”featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiency，researchersstated.Furthermore，unlikeotherbatteriesusedinmedicaltreatments，thesupercapacitorcanbendandtwistinthebodywithoutsufferingdamage.Thoughthey'venotbeenwidelyusedinthemedicalworld，supercapacitorshavetheabilitytoserveasasaferandmoreefficientmedicaldevicethanthetraditionalbatteryoperateddevices，theresearchersbelieve.“Inordertobeeffective，batteryfreepacemakersmusthavesupercapacitorsthatcanget，storeandtransportenergy.However，commercialsupercapacitorsaretooslowtomakethemwork”，saidMaherElKady，aUCLAresearcherandcoauthorofthestudy.“Ourresearchfocusedonthecustomdesignedsupercapacitortocaptureenergyeffectively，andfindingawaytomakeitexisttogethersuccessfullywiththehumanbody.”【语篇解读】　文章介绍了一项新的发明——超级电容器。它不需要电池，而且尺寸更小、更安全，能更好地为起搏器供能。1．Whatdoweknowabouttraditionalpacemakers?A．Theyareverypopularwithusers.B．Theyarethinnerthanseveralhairs.C．Theycandoharmtotheusers'bodies.D．Theyarereallyconvenienttocarryaround.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，传统的起搏器需要经常更换电池，而且电池会泄漏有毒的化学物质，因此它们对人身体有害。故选C。]2．Whatisspecialaboutthenewsupercapacitor?A．Ithaselectrodesontheoutside.\nB．Itismadefromakindofproteinmaterial.C．Ithelpssavethecarriers'moneyandenergy.D．Itcantransformtheenergyfromthebody.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，超级电容器是由一个能量采集器驱动的，该能量采集器将身体热量和血液中的运动转化为能量，即转化来自身体的能量，故选D。]3．Whichofthefollowingmakesthenewpacemakerenergyefficient?A．Thesmallsize.B．Thesmallbattery.C．Theenergyharvester.D．Thebendingandtwistingcharacters.A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“This‘little’featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiency”可知，这种“小”的特征有利于新起搏器的能效，即使它节能，故选A。]【干扰项分析】　此题易误选C项。由第2题的解析可知，能量采集器转化来自身体的能量从而驱动超级电容器，未提到其帮助新起搏器节能。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABatterypoweredPacemakerIsHarmingPeople'sBodyB．ANewPacemakerThatDoesn'tNeedtoUseBatteriesC．PeopleTodayAren'tWillingtoUsetheTraditionalPacemakerD．UCLAResearchersAreCommittedtotheMedicalEquipmentB　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项新的发明，即用于起搏器的超级电容器，这种电容器不需要电池，故选B项。]B(2020·北京市西城区统一测试)Storeownershavebeeninventingnewtrickstogetconsumersintotheirstoresandpurchasingtheirgoods.Evenaswefindnewstrategiestoresist，neuroscientists(神经科学家)areemployedatmarketingagenciesacrossthecountrytobestfigureoutwhatisgoingthroughaconsumer'sbrainateachpointinthedecisionprocess.Weconsumersoverspendduetothefactthatwehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney.Normally，theprefrontalcortex(额叶前皮层)controlsouremotionalreactionstothings，andkeepsusfromactingunreasonablybycalmingdownourfears.Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortexjustbydisplayingflashydealsigns，encouragingittodomathonhowmuchmoneywemightsavenowbybuyingmoreofsomethingwedon'tactually\nneedyet.Nostalgia，thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents，isanotherstronginfluenceduringtheholidayseason，andit'sshapedbyemotion.Emotion—whethergoodorbad—enhancestheformationofmemories，engagingmorepartsofthebrain.Sohearinganephewsingingacarol，forinstance，mightreawakenmemoriesassociatedwiththatparticularsonginamuchmorepowerfulwaythanhearingthatsamenephewsinganothersong.Thesekindsofmemoriesarebroughtbackevenmoreeasilybysensoryinput.Thismightbewhyweareoftengreetedbyasensoryremindereverywherewegoinamonth.Whereveryoupurchasegifts，therearesocialinfluencesonwhatyoubuyaswell.Theholidaysareatimewhenweareespeciallyconditionedtopaymoreforthelabelbecausewe'rebuyinggifts.Receivingabrandnamegiftsendsthemessagethat“thispersonhasspentmoreonme，soheorshemustvaluememore”．Anditmakessense.Iftwothingsseemprettymuchthesame，howdoIknowwhichtochoose?Humanshavesurvivedasasocialspecies，andwehavetorelyoneachother.Sowhenourbrainsaretryingtomakedecisions，oneoftheshortcutsistoassumethatifalotofotherpeopleprefersomething(andhighercostisoftenapredictorofthat)，thentheremustbeareason.Muchofourholidayspendingisdrivenbyunplannedpurchases.Planahead，resisttheurgetopurchaseinamoment，makenotesforcomparisonshopping，andifthedealisactuallygood，thenitwillstandtheinspectionandyou'llfeelgoodaboutyourpurchaseslater.Beforeyoublowyourbudgetthisseason，rememberthatyourbrainmightbefoolingyouintopurchasingthethingsyoudon'tneed.【语篇解读】　本文主要从三个方面分析了引起消费者过度消费的因素，即我们害怕失去真正好的交易或害怕不得不花费更多的钱买同样的东西、怀旧之情以及社交的影响。5．FromParagraph2，welearnthat________.A．theprefrontalcortexisthecalculationcenterB．thecommonconsumersalwaysactunreasonablyC．thesightofflashydealsignsmayfillconsumerswithfearD．theadvertisersmakeconsumerspaymoreforthesamethingC　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“wehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney”和“Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortex...wedon'tactuallyneedyet”可推知，看到显眼的交易标志会使消费者心中充满担忧，故选C。]6．AccordingtoParagraph3，whichofthefollowingcanworkonconsumers?\nA．Creatingafestivalatmosphere.B．Followingthecurrentfashion.C．Preparingmorefreesamples.D．Offeringabiggerdiscount.A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nostalgia，thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents，isanotherstronginfluenceduringtheholidayseason，andit'sshapedbyemotion”并结合本段中举的例子可推知，节日氛围会激发消费者的怀旧之情，刺激他们消费，故A项正确。]7．Whydowebuybrandnamegiftsduringtheholiday?A．Theyaremorereliable.B．Theyareasignofsocialstatus.C．Theymakepeoplefeelvalued.D．Theyarefavoredbymostpeople.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Receivingabrandnamegiftsendsthemessagethat‘thispersonhasspentmoreonme，soheorshemustvaluememore’”可知，人们买品牌礼物是为了让对方感觉自己很受重视，故选C。]8．Toavoidoverspending，theauthorsuggestswe________.A．buyinamomentB．reduceourbudgetC．returnunnecessaryproductsD．makeaplaninadvanceD　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Planahead，resisttheurgetopurchaseinamoment，makenotesforcomparisonshopping”可知，为了避免超支，作者建议人们在购物时要提前进行计划，故D选项正确。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·兰州市高三诊断考试)Iwasstandinginaclassofwild14yearoldgirlsastheythrewpaperandhowled(大声叫喊)withlaughter.Theywouldn't1me.Iwas23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto2．Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon，theywereshortofteachers，notwriters.Myeffortstoteachwere3．Whenthebellfinallyrang，Irushedtothestaffroom，redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't4.“That's4B，theworstclassinschool，”onesaid.Idreaded(害怕)ournext5，butIcouldn'tgiveup.Ineededthejob.So，I6formallessons.Instead，Ibrought7forclassdiscussions.Oneoftheliveliest\ntalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaidattentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas8．SoIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewenton，theiressaysbecamea9betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor，toughnessandinsight，andIthoughtthey10myinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd，buttheyhadneverseena11stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd，butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.TheythoughtIwas12．Noteacherhadever13takingthemout.Afewweekslater，4BandIweresittingina14．Theylovedthemusic，thecostumesandthecharacters.Itwasthe15oftheiryear，andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.Neartheendofthesemester，someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.Thetwomostrebellious(叛逆的)girlsin4Bwerethere—withflowers.IwasproudtoknowIhad16theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith17．WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater，Istillwantedtobea18.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Istopped19andstartedwriting.MyfirststorywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe20ofmywritingcareer；itwasthebeginning.【语篇解读】　“我”想做一名作家，但是伦敦缺的是教师，于是“我”做了一名教师。由于带了全校最差的班级，开始时“我”不知所措。后来“我”改变了常规的授课方式，鼓励学生们写自己经历的故事，带她们去欣赏音乐剧。“我”的行为触动了她们的内心……1．A.listento　B．hearaboutC．catchupwith　　　　D．takecareofA　[根据上文可知，这些女生扔纸并大声谈笑；根据下文可知，23岁的“我”不知所措；据此可以判断，这些女生不听我讲话；A项意为“听……”，故A项正确。]2．A.communicate　　　　B．teachC．discussD．workB　[根据下文可知，“我”想要当一名作家；上文提到，对这群在教室里高声谈笑的女生“我”一筹莫展，据此可以推知，“我”不打算教学，B项意为“教学”，故B项正确。]3．A.successfulB．persistentC．unforgettable　　　　D．hopelessD　[根据下文可知，我气得脸都红了，同事告诉我说这个班是最差的班；据此可以推知，我感到努力毫无希望；D项意为“绝望的”，故D项正确。]4．A.embarrassed　　　　　　B．happy\nC．surprised　　　　　　D．worriedC　[根据后句可知，其中一个老师告诉我说，4B班是全校最差的班级；据此可以推知，对于这种情况，其他老师并不感到奇怪；C项意为“觉得奇怪的”，故C项正确。]5．A.appointment　　　　　B．meetingC．taskD．performanceB　[根据上文可知，班里的女生高声谈笑不听“我”讲话，据此可以推知，“我”害怕和她们再次见面，B项意为“见面”，故B项正确。]6．A.abandonedB．designedC．tookD．hatedA　[根据后句中的“forclassdiscussions”可知，“我”放弃了常规教学，以班级讨论的方式取代；A项意为“放弃”，故A项正确。]7．A.papersB．rewardsC．topicsD．assistantsC　[根据该句中的“brought”，并结合语境可知，“我”准备了班级讨论的话题；C项意为“话题”，故C项正确。]8．A.fascinatedB．disappointedC．puzzledD．relaxedA　[根据后句可知，“我”让她们写下她们的故事；据此可以推知，“我”对她们的讨论很入迷；A项意为“入迷的”，故A项正确。]9．A.dealB．bridgeC．guideD．secretB　[根据该句中的“betweenus”并结合语境可知，这些文章成了“我”和她们之间联系的桥梁；B项意为“桥梁”，故B项正确。]10．A.praisedB．understoodC．ignoredD．appreciatedD　[根据上文可知，“我”欣赏她们的幽默、坚强和洞察力；结合该句中的“myinterestintheirlives”可以推知，“我”认为她们也会感谢“我”对她们生活的关注；D项意为“感谢，感激”，故D项正确。]11．A.goodB．familiarC．famousD．liveD　[根据该句中的“but”及后一句“TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd...there”可知，尽管她们的住处离伦敦西区很近，但是她们没有看到过现场表演；D项意为“现场演出的”，故D项正确。]12．A.lyingB．guessing\nC．jokingD．promisingC　[根据后句中的“Noteacherhadever”可知，没有老师带她们出去过；据此可以推知，当“我”问她们是否要去看现场表演时，她们认为“我”在开玩笑，故C项正确。]13．A.admitted　　　　　　B．dislikedC．mindedD．suggestedD　[根据上文中的“Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical”可知，“我”提议她们出去看音乐剧；结合该句中的“takingthemout”可知，之前没有老师提议带她们出去，D项意为“提议”，故D项正确。]14．A.bookstoreB．theaterC．libraryD．classroomB　[根据上文中的“Iaskedif...themusical”可知，“我”提议她们出去欣赏音乐剧；结合该句中的“4BandIweresittingin”可以推知，数周后的一天，“我”和她们坐在了一家剧院里；B项意为“剧院”，故B项正确。]15．A.highlight　　　　　　B．goalC．storyD．achievementA　[根据该句中的“andtheytalkedaboutitfordays”可知，她们谈论了几天时间；据此可以推知，这是她们一年中最精彩的一天；A项意为“最精彩的部分”，故A项正确。]16．A.foundB．touchedC．createdD．savedB　[根据前句可知，有两位最叛逆的女生拿着花来到教员的办公室，结合上文叙述的“我”和她们欣赏音乐剧可以推知，“我”触及了她们的生活，B项意为“触及”。]17．A.colleagues　　　　　　B．parentsC．teenagersD．playersC　[根据该句中的“andgettingalongwith”，并结合上文叙述的“我”骄傲地得知“我”触及了她们的生活可以推知，“我”喜欢上了教学，和青少年们相处融洽；C项意为“青少年”，故C项正确。]18．A.teacherB．writerC．performerD．listenerB　[根据第一段倒数第二句“Iwantedtobeawriter”可知，我想要当一名作家；结合后句中的“startedwriting”可知，“我”开始写作；据此可以推知，“我”仍然想要做一名作家，故B项正确。]19．A.dreaming　　　　　　B．hesitatingC．travellingD．learningA　[根据该句中的“startedwriting”，并结合语境可知，第一次“我”不再幻想，\n而是真正开始写作；A项意为“想象，梦想”，故A项正确。]20．A.idea　　B．part　　　　C．end　　　D．planC　[根据该句中的“itwasthebeginning”可知，教学是“我”写作的开始，据此可知，空处与句中的“beginning”对应，表示“终结”，故C项正确。]