统考版2023高考英语一轮复习课时提能练5必修1Unit5NelsonMandela_amodernhero含解析新人教版20230238265

课时提能练(五)必修1　Unit5　NelsonMandela—amodernheroA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Hillerreceivedhis1．education(educate)inBritain.Inhis2．youth(young),hisambitionwastohelpblacksgain3．equality(equal),freedomandjustice.Atthattime,deliberate4．cruelty(cruel)toblackswascommon.Hehimselfwitnessedmuch5．violent(violence)behaviourtoblacks.Withhis6．guidance(guide),blackpeoplefoughtfortheirhumanrightsina7．peaceful(peace)manner.Heworkedveryhardandhis8．devotion(devote)tohiscareerwonhimgreathonour.B(考查动词)Ladiesandgentlemen,it'stimeforus9．tovote(vote)tochoosethestarinourcommunity.OnecandidateiscalledAmy.10．Havingdevoted(devote)mostofhertimeandeffortto11．educating(educate)deafchildren,she12．hasbeenrewarded(reward)withmanytitles.TheothercandidateisTommy,anantiterroristexpert.Hehasmanagedtopreventterroristsfrom13．attacking(attack)publicplaceslikehospitalsandschoolsseveraltimes.OK.Nowlet'sbegin.C(考查句型)Recentyears14．haveseen(see)atendencyinChinathattourismisgrowingfast.15．Sincemorepeoplearetravellingtoplacesofinterest,wesuddenlyfindourcountryinasituation16．wherewelacktopqualitytourismservices.Forexample,thefirst17．timeIwenttovisitDali,YunnanProvince,Iwasbadlytreatedinahotel.It'swidelyacceptedthat18．onlybyimprovingthequalityofservicecanweensurethehealthydevelopmentoftourism.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有5处错误)Bettywillhaveaninterviewnextweek,andshehasbeenworriedaboutitfordays.Tokeepherselffreelyfromanxiety,sheconsultedapsychologistthisafternoon,ofwhomshewasquitefamiliar.Thepsychologistjokedthatsheshouldhavecontacthimearlier.Hesaid,“Themostvitalthingisthatyoumustbelievedinyourselves.Ahotbathbeforesleepmayhelptofightagainstnegativeemotionsuchasworriesanddepression.”【答案】　\nBettywillhaveaninterviewnextweek,andshehasbeenworriedaboutitfordays.Tokeepherselffromanxiety,sheconsultedapsychologistthisafternoon,whomshewasquitefamiliar.Thepsychologistjokedthatsheshouldhavehimearlier.Hesaid,“Themostvitalthingisthatyoumustbelievedin.Ahotbathbeforesleepmayhelptofightagainstnegativesuchasworriesanddepression.”Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．你要想在音乐舞台上出名是很难的，因为竞争非常激烈。Itisdifficulttomakeanameforyourselfontheconcertstage，wherethecompetitionissofierce．2．我们生活在这样一个时代：机器做了以前由人做的工作。Wearelivingatatimewhenmachinesdoworkwhichmenusedtodo.3．只有在获得大量资料后，才有可能筹划载人的火星之旅。OnlywhenagreatdealofinformationhasbeenobtainedwillitbepossibletoplanamannedtriptoMars.4．这部相机在他第一次使用时就散架了。Thecamerajustcameapartthefirsttimeheusedit．5．经过他的窗前时，我看见他正在写作业。WhenIwentbyhiswindow，Isawhimdoinghishomework．B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·北京市高考适应性测试)Growingup，DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl，fromarefugee(难民)family，”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield，Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia，planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego'sCityHeightsneighbourhood，DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka'ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspired\nhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks，anddidn'tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid，likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka'seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool，shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus，”Botham，aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute，recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork，readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don'ttellyourselfthatthescholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI'llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”【语篇解读】　Deka是一个出生在难民家庭里的黑人女孩，8岁时受母亲的影响意识到了知识的重要性，从此树立了梦想。高中化学课激起了她对科学的兴趣，增强了她的自信心。通过努力她最终取得了成就。1．Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat________．A．DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB．DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC．DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD．Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhardD　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.”可知，她的经历激励着她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家，故D项正确。]2．Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation________．A．fromhermother'sexperienceB．afterherchemistryclassC．byreadingbooksinthelibrary\nD．throughworkingattheinstituteA　[细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，在Deka8岁时，她的母亲为养活全家，通过重返校园学习获得了一份工作，这让Deka意识到教育能对一个人的生活有影响，故A项正确。]3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe________．A．patient　　　　B．confidentC．ambitiousD．generousB　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Deka的告诫语(不要低估自己，不要告诉自己奖学金目标太高远，或这个计划太有竞争力，也不要告诉自己永远进不了这个学校)可推知，她建议学生要有自信，故B项正确。]4．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Wellbegunishalfdone.D．Hardworkleadstosuccess.D　[写作意图题。本文主要讲述了黑人女孩努力奋斗最终成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告诉我们努力可以带来成功，故D项正确。]B(2020·广州市高三年级阶段训练题)Let'sbeginwiththestory：KingHierocontractstheancientGreekpolymathArchimedes(阿基米德)todetectfraudinthemanufactureofagoldencrown.Archimedesacceptsthechallengeand，duringasubsequenttriptothepublicbaths，realizesthatthemorehisbodysinksintothewater，themorewaterisdisplaced—makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume.RealizinghehashituponamethodtodeterminewhethertheKing'scrownwasmadeofgoldorsilver，theyoungGreekleapsoutofthebathandrusheshomenakedcrying“Eureka!Eureka!”Or，translated:“I'vefoundit!I'vefoundit!”Toobad，however，Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthewordinthatway.Firstandforemost，Archimedeshimselfneverwroteaboutthisepisode，althoughhespentplentyoftimedetailingthelawsofbuoyancy(浮力)．TheoldestauthorityforthenakedArchimedeseurekastoryisVitruvius，aRomanwriter，whoincludedthetaleinhisintroductiontohisninthbookofarchitecture.“Vitruviusmayhavegottenitwrong，”saysChrisSchmitt，amathematicianandaselfdescribedArchimedes'fan.“ThemethodattributedtoArchimedesinthestoryworksintheorysoitsounds\nright，butwhenyouactuallytryit，youfindthattherealworldgetsintheway.”Infact，Schmittisoneofalonglineofscientists，includingGalileo，whohavereadtheaccountandthought，“Thatcan'tberight.”AsGalileowrote，Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale.Infact，thesurfacetension(表面张力)ofwatercanmakethevolumeofalightobjectlikeacrownimmeasurable.“Theremaybesometruthtoit，”Schmittadds.“Archimedesdidmeasurethevolumeofthingsbuttheeurekamomentwasmaybeduetohisoriginaldiscoveryconcerningbuoyancy，notaboutsittinginthebathtubandthenrunningthroughthestreetsnaked.”MuchlikeNewton'sapple，theexclamationpersistsbecauseoftheenduringpowerofthestory:agoldencrown，alifebeinginthebalance，anakedmathematician.Thesuspectfoundationsoftheeurekamomenttakenothingawayfromtheword'sabilitytouniquelyandconciselyconveytheflashofinspiration.【语篇解读】　阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，该故事应该不是真实的。5．Accordingtothefirstparagraph，howwouldArchimedesmeasurethevolumeofthecrown?A．Hewouldweighhimselfwithandwithoutthecrown.B．Hewouldweighthecrownfirstandthenputitintowater.C．Hewouldgotothepublicbathswearingthecrownonhishead.D．Hewouldmakethecrownsinkintowaterandmeasurethewaterdisplaced.D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，故选D。]6．WhatdidGalileoprobablythinkofthenakedArchimedeseurekastory?A．Hebelievedtheword“eureka”wassaidinanothersituation.B．HesuspectedArchimedesdidn'trunthroughthestreetnaked.C．HedoubtedArchimedescarriedouttheexperimentindependently.D．HethoughtArchimedeswouldnothaveusedthemethoddescribed.D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“AsGalileowrote，Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale”可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故选D。]\n7．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．Theword“eureka”isstillwidelyusedtoday.B．Theword“eureka”isnowaformalscientificterm.C．Mostpeopleaccepttheauthenticityoftheoriginalstory.D．PeoplearestillinspiredbytheachievementsofArchimedes.A　[推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这个词独特、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故选A。]8．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．TointroducethefamousscientistArchimedes.B．Toexaminethecredibilityoftheeurekastory.C．Toexplainhowtheword“eureka”wascreated.D．Tourgepeoplenottousetheword“eureka”anymore.B　[写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律的故事来引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthewordinthatway”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以B项正确。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Boundbymannersandcommoncourtesy(礼貌)，youcanfinditdifficulttowalkawayfromaconversationwithoutseemingrude.Withthehelpofetiquette(礼节)experts，wehavesomesolutionstoyoursocialscares.Nexttimeyoufeeltrapped，rememberthesetips.1No，thismovedoesn'thavetoinvolvethrowingoneofyourfriendsunderthebus.Youcanintroduceyourconversationalpartnertoanindividualwithacommoninterestorqualityandhopethattheylikeeachother.AccordingtoetiquetteexpertJodiSmith，“Thesimplestwaytoleavesomeonewhoisoccupyingyourtimeatapartyistopullsomeoneelseintotheconversation.2”Tellthepeopleyou'veenjoyedspeakingwiththem.Ifyouracquaintancecan'ttellthatyou'reeagertoleave，trysummarizingyourconversationinthehopethatyourexchangewillcometoanaturalend.AccordingtoJenniferGrant，acertifiedEtiquetteCoach，youcanpolitelysay，“Beverly，Ihaveenjoyedspeakingwithyouverymuchandifyouwillexcuseme，Ihavejustseenacolleague/friendthatIneedtospeakwith.”3It'ssimpleenoughtohavegoodmanners，whichiswhyyoushouldstopmakingtheseetiquettemistakesbyage30．\n4Ifyou'respeakingwithsomeoneatapartyornetworkingevent，youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner.5Orask，“Haveyouseentheballroomdownstairsyet?Iwasdownthereearlieranditwassofestive(欢乐的)．Youshouldgototakealook！”Thismethodofendingaconversationwillworkbestateventswithmanyinteractiveelements，suchasweddingpartiesorconventions.A．Trytofindanothertopic.B．Suggestanactivitytotheotherperson.C．Thisisasolutiontoallyourproblems.D．Bringsomeoneelseintotheconversation.E．Afterabriefintroductionofbothspeakers，youarefreetoexcuseyourself.F．Afarewellsuchasthisonewillmaketheotherpersonfeelappreciatedandrespected.G．Forexample，say，“Hey，youshouldgototrythepuddinginthekitchen—they'redelicious！”【语篇解读】　在社会交往中，我们需要注重礼仪，因此不失礼貌地从一个谈话中脱身有一定的难度；文章就此给出了相应的建议。1．D　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的小标题。通读该段内容可知，该段表述的是通过把另一个人拉进你们的谈话中来摆脱正在与你谈话的人。这与D项“让其他人参与到谈话中来”表述一致。故选D。]2．E　[根据空前一句可知，在聚会上，要想离开占用你时间的人，最简单的方法就是把其他人拉进谈话中，据此可推知，E项表述的“你可以简单地介绍谈话双方，之后你就可以离开了”与此处匹配。]3．F　[空前一句表述的是如何在表达自己很享受与对方的谈话之后，寻找理由客气地请求离开。这与F项中的“Afarewellsuchasthisone”表述连贯、一致。故选F。]4．B　[空处为该段的小标题。根据该段第一句中的“youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner”(你可以向你的谈话对象建议一些活动)以及该段给出的例子可知，该段讲述的是你可以向对方推荐一项活动，这样你就可以从中脱身离开。故选B。]5．G　[根据空前的“youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner”以及空后的“Orask”可知，该空与后面一句是作者列举的两个向与你谈话的人推荐可以做的事情的例子。故G项与此处匹配，衔接上下文。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·江西省五校协作体上学期模拟)Mostofusholdtheview1．________the\nworld'soldestcolorisblackordarkgrey.However，scientistshavediscoveredthatbrightpinkistheoldestknowncolor.Theylookedat1.1billionyearoldrocksdeepbeneaththeSaharaDesert.2．________(make)powderfromtherocks，thentheyfoundabrightpinkcolor.DrNurGueneli3．________camefromtheAustralianNationalUniversityledtheresearch.Shesaidit4．________(produce)byancientorganisms(有机体)thatlivedintheoldocean.Atthattime，tinyorganismswere5．________largestlifeformsontheearth.DrGuenelisaidherfirst6．________(react)wascompleteamazement.Shesaidherteamthoughttherockpowdermightturnblackintheirexperiments.Instead，itturnedpink.Anotherresearchersaid，“DrGuenelicameintomyofficeand7．________(show)thisbrightpinkmaterial，saying‘Lookatthis.Itturnedouttobearealcolor，1.1billionyearsold’．”Therockscouldcontainothercolors，fromabloodredtoadeeppurple.Gueneliaccounted8．________theimportanceofherfindings.Shesaid，“Imagineyoucouldfindafossilizeddinosaurskinthatstillhas9．________(it)originalcolor—greenorblue.Thatis10．________(actual)thetypeofdiscoverythatwe'vemade.”【语篇解读】　大部分人认为世界上最古老的颜色是黑色或者深灰色，但是令人意外的是，研究证明，已知的最古老的颜色是亮粉色。1．that　[考查同位语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句解释说明theview，作同位语，空处在句子中不作句子成分，仅起到连接作用，应填that。]2．Havingmade　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处和句子谓语found之间没有连词，故此处应是动词的非谓语形式。此外，动词make和句子主语they构成逻辑上的主谓关系，并发生在谓语found之前，故用现在分词的完成时形式。]【易错点拨】　本题考生易忽略动词make和谓语found之间的先后关系，直接填现在分词making。3．who/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词DrNurGueneli，所以填who或that。]4．wasproduced　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句的谓语，且与句中被动语态符号by和从句主语it以及主句中said的时态呼应，故用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，所以填wasproduced。]5．the　[考查冠词。largest是形容词最高级形式，应用定冠词修饰，所以填the。]6．reaction　[考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处被形容词性物主代词her以及序数词first修饰，故用名词形式，所以填reaction。]7．showed　[考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处和谓语came并列，\n所以填showed。]8．for　[考查介词。accountfor“说明，解释”是固定用法，符合语境，所以填介词for。]9．its　[考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词color，所以填形容词性物主代词its。]10．actually　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰be动词is，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填actually。]Ⅳ.书面表达假如你是校英语报记者李华，上周你校为高三学生举行了隆重的“成人礼”，请据此给校英语报写一篇报道，描述这一盛事。要点包括：1．活动时间及地点；2．活动内容：学生宣誓，代表讲话……；3．活动意义：学会感恩，学会承担责任。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Acomingofageceremonywasheldintheschoolauditoriumbetween9：00and11：30a．m.lastFriday.Thedetailsareasfollows.Atthebeginning,allthestudentsstoodupandvowedtostudyhardinordertoachieveourambitions.Afterthat,astudentrepresentativedeliveredaninspiringspeech.Hesaidwegrownupsshouldtryourbesttomaketheworldabetterplace.Theactivityconcludedwithourschoolheadmaster'sspeech,encouragingustomakecontributionstosociety.Thecomingofagingceremonyisagreatsuccess,throughwhichweunderstandweshouldbegratefultoourparentsandteachersandthatwemustlearntotaketheresponsibilitiesweshouldtake.