统考版2023高考英语一轮复习选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection课时提能练含解析北师大版20230238276

课时提能练(四十三)选修8　Unit22　EnvironmentalProtection(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·绵阳市第一次诊断性考试)Wheatisamainsourceoffoodforpeopleacrosstheplanet，accountingforafifthofthecaloriesconsumedglobally.Butasaresultofclimatechange，scientistsbelievemostpartsoftheworldwherethecropisgrownwillbehitbywatershortagesbytheendofthecentury.AndtheU．S.couldbeamongthecountriesworstaffected，theauthorsoftheresearchpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvancestoldNewsweek.Ifclimatechangeisn'tdealtwith，bytheyear2100,60percentofareasthatgrowwheatwillbehitbywaterscarcity—upfromthecurrentlevelof15percent，accordingtotheinternationalteamofscientists.CoauthorsMiroslavTrnkaandSongFengtoldNewsweekthatintheirpreviousresearch，theyhadshownclimatechangemaycausesoiltobecomelessmoist(湿润的)acrossmostmainlandU．S.states，includingthosewherewheatisgrown.Asaresult，theU．S.couldbe“oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers”intermsoftheincreaseinareasaffectedbyseveredroughts，theysaidinajointstatement.Worryingly，existingresearchhaspredicteda4.0to6.5percentdropinglobalwheatproductionper1degreeCelsiusofwarmingifclimatechangeisn'teased.Andit'sunlikelythatwheatcanbereplacedifwaterbecomesscarce，asit'snotasthirstyasothercropsandcandowithoutwaterforarelativelylongperiodoftime.“Ifmultipleregionsareaffectedbydroughtatthesametime，itmightbedifficulttomeetthedemandevenifthetraderoutesstayopenandarenotrestrictedbygovernmentalmeasures，”warnedFengandTrnka.However，theysaid，“Studiesshowthatifwecontinuouslyimprovethesustainabilityandtechnologiesinthecomingdecadesandallowforinternationaltrade，wemayovercomethenegativeimpactsofclimatechange.”【语篇解读】　科学家认为由于气候变化，到本世纪末，世界上大部分种植小麦的地区将受到缺水的影响，而如果气候变化得不到缓解，全球小麦的产量将会减少。1．Howwillclimatechangehurtwheatproduction?A．Byloweringthetemperature.B．Byreducingthewatersupply.\nC．Bypollutingthesoil.D．Byfloodingthefield.B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，由于气候变化，小麦种植地将受到缺水的影响；又根据第四段可知，缺水会影响小麦产量，故选B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．WheatproductioncauseddroughtsinmostmainlandU．S.states.B．TheUnitedStatesisthebiggestwheatproducerintheworld.C．TheUnitedStateswillsufferalotfromclimatechange.D．ClimatechangeiscloselywatchedbyAmericanscientists.C　[推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“theU．S.couldbe‘oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers’”可推知，美国将在气候变化中受到很大影响，故选C。]3．Whyiswheatunlikelytobereplacedbyothercropsinadrought?A．Itistheprimaryfoodformostcountries.B．Itisnotinfluencedbyglobalwarming.C．Itiswidelygrowninmostcountries.D．Itneedslesswaterthanothercrops.D　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，小麦不像其他作物那样那么需要水，在相当长的一段时间内没有水也能生存，因此小麦不太可能被其他作物取代，故选D。]4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Health.B．Science.C．Education.　　　　　　　D．Entertainment.B　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，这是一篇有关气候变化对小麦产量影响的文章，由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的科学版块，故选B。]B(2020·“四省八校”第二次教学质量检测)FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多样性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”．Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals，and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen，ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased，mitigatingtheeffectsof\nclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople，”ThomasLovejoy，anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Theoverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2019，upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2018，INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre，aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo，toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest，whosedegradation(恶化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined，buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil'sborders，reachingPeruvian，ParaguayanandBolivianregions.【语篇解读】　科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性。今年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Increasing.　　　　B．Relieving.C．Ignoring.　　　　D．Improving.B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，大片的热带雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们吸收热量，而不是将热量反射回大气中；此外，热带雨林还储存二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的二氧化碳被释放。由此可知，热带雨林能够减轻气候变化带来的影响。故可推知画线词的含义与“relieving”的含义相近，故选B。]6．WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAntónio'swords?A．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.B．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.C．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.D．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中Thomas所说的话“Anyforestdestroyedisathreat\ntobiodiversityandpeople”以及António所说的话“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity”可知，Thomas认为任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和人们的威胁，António认为在全球气候危机的情况下，我们承担不起氧气和生物多样性的主要来源(即亚马逊雨林)被更多破坏的后果。由此可推知，两人意在表明，雨林大火导致了严重的后果。故选B。]【干扰项分析】　根据上述分析可知，两人并没有强调生物多样性成就了雨林的独特性，故A项表述错误。7．WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?A．Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.B．Toshowthereasonforforestfires.C．Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D．Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent”可推知，第四段列举数字是为了说明，亚马逊雨林由于森林火灾的影响，其面积减少了一些。故选D。]8．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.B．Theforestareasareonthedecline.C．“Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.D．Theworld'secosystemisunderattack.C　[主旨大意题。文章第一段为文章的总述部分，表明本年席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性；第二至第五段介绍了亚马逊雨林火灾对生物多样性以及森林面积等的影响，其中第四段又突出强调亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。由此可知C项符合题意。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·兰州市高三诊断考试)Iwasstandinginaclassofwild14yearoldgirlsastheythrewpaperandhowled(大声叫喊)withlaughter.Theywouldn't__1__me.Iwas23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto__2__.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon，theywereshortofteachers，notwriters.Myeffortstoteachwere__3__.Whenthebellfinallyrang，Irushedtothestaffroom，redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't__4__.“That's4B，theworstclassinschool，”onesaid.Idreaded(害怕)ournext__5__，butIcouldn'tgiveup.Ineededthe\njob.So，I__6__formallessons.Instead，Ibrought__7__forclassdiscussions.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaidattentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas__8__.SoIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewenton，theiressaysbecamea__9__betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor，toughnessandinsight，andIthoughtthey__10__myinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd，buttheyhadneverseena__11__stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd，butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.TheythoughtIwas__12__.Noteacherhadever__13__takingthemout.Afewweekslater,4BandIweresittingina__14__.Theylovedthemusic，thecostumesandthecharacters.Itwasthe__15__oftheiryear，andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.Neartheendofthesemester，someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.Thetwomostrebellious(叛逆的)girlsin4Bwerethere—withflowers.IwasproudtoknowIhad__16__theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith__17__.WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater，Istillwantedtobea__18__.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Istopped__19__andstartedwriting.MyfirststorywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe__20__ofmywritingcareer；itwasthebeginning.【语篇解读】　“我”想做一名作家，但是伦敦缺的是教师，于是“我”做了一名教师。由于带了全校最差的班级，开始时“我”不知所措。后来“我”改变了常规的授课方式，鼓励学生们写自己经历的故事，带她们去欣赏音乐剧。“我”的行为触动了她们的内心……1．A.listento　　　　B．hearaboutC．catchupwith　　　　　D．takecareofA　[根据上文可知，这些女生扔纸并大声谈笑；根据下文可知，23岁的“我”不知所措；据此可以判断，这些女生不听我讲话；A项意为“听……”，故A项正确。]2．A.communicate　　　　B．teachC．discuss　　　　　　　　D．workB　[根据下文可知，“我”想要当一名作家；上文提到，对这群在教室里高声谈笑的女生“我”一筹莫展，据此可以推知，“我”不打算教学，B项意为“教学”，故B项正确。]3．A.successful　　　　　B．persistentC．unforgettable　　　　　D．hopelessD　[根据下文可知，我气得脸都红了，同事告诉我说这个班是最差的班；据此可以推知，我感到努力毫无希望；D项意为“绝望的”，故D项正确。]\n4．A.embarrassed　　　　B．happyC．surprised　　　　　　　D．worriedC　[根据后句可知，其中一个老师告诉我说，4B班是全校最差的班级；据此可以推知，对于这种情况，其他老师并不感到奇怪；C项意为“觉得奇怪的”，故C项正确。]5．A.appointment　　　B．meetingC．task　　　　　　　　　　D．performanceB　[根据上文可知，班里的女生高声谈笑不听“我”讲话，据此可以推知，“我”害怕和她们再次见面，B项意为“见面”，故B项正确。]6．A.abandoned　　　　　B．designedC．took　　　　　　　　　　　D．hatedA　[根据后句中的“forclassdiscussions”可知，“我”放弃了常规教学，以班级讨论的方式取代；A项意为“放弃”，故A项正确。]7．A.papers　　　　　　　B．rewardsC．topics　　　　　　　　　D．assistantsC　[根据该句中的“brought”，并结合语境可知，“我”准备了班级讨论的话题；C项意为“话题”，故C项正确。]8．A.fascinated　　　　　B．disappointedC．puzzled　　　　　　　　　　D．relaxedA　[根据后句可知，“我”让她们写下她们的故事；据此可以推知，“我”对她们的讨论很入迷；A项意为“入迷的”，故A项正确。]9．A.deal　　　　　　　B．bridgeC．guide　　　　　　　　　　　D．secretB　[根据该句中的“betweenus”并结合语境可知，这些文章成了“我”和她们之间联系的桥梁；B项意为“桥梁”，故B项正确。]10．A.praised　　　　　　　B．understoodC．ignored　　　　　　　　　　D．appreciatedD　[根据上文可知，“我”欣赏她们的幽默、坚强和洞察力；结合该句中的“myinterestintheirlives”可以推知，“我”认为她们也会感谢“我”对她们生活的关注；D项意为“感谢，感激”，故D项正确。]11．A.good　　　　　　　　B．familiarC．famous　　　　　　　　　　D．liveD　[根据该句中的“but”及后一句“TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd...there”可知，尽管她们的住处离伦敦西区很近，但是她们没有看到过现场表演；D项意为“现场演出的”，故D项正确。]\n12．A.lying　　　　　　　　B．guessingC．joking　　　　　　　　　D．promisingC　[根据后句中的“Noteacherhadever”可知，没有老师带她们出去过；据此可以推知，当“我”问她们是否要去看现场表演时，她们认为“我”在开玩笑，故C项正确。]13．A.admitted　　　　B．dislikedC．minded　　　　　　　　D．suggestedD　[根据上文中的“Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical”可知，“我”提议她们出去看音乐剧；结合该句中的“takingthemout”可知，之前没有老师提议带她们出去，D项意为“提议”，故D项正确。]14．A.bookstore　　　　　　B．theaterC．library　　　　　　　　　　D．classroomB　[根据上文中的“Iaskedif...themusical”可知，“我”提议她们出去欣赏音乐剧；结合该句中的“4BandIweresittingin”可以推知，数周后的一天，“我”和她们坐在了一家剧院里；B项意为“剧院”，故B项正确。]15．A.highlight　　　　B．goalC．story　　　　　　　　　　　D．achievementA　[根据该句中的“andtheytalkedaboutitfordays”可知，她们谈论了几天时间；据此可以推知，这是她们一年中最精彩的一天；A项意为“最精彩的部分”，故A项正确。]16．A.found　　　　　　B．touchedC．created　　　　　　　　　　D．savedB　[根据前句可知，有两位最叛逆的女生拿着花来到教员的办公室，结合上文叙述的“我”和她们欣赏音乐剧可以推知，“我”触及了她们的生活，B项意为“触及”。]17．A.colleagues　　　　B．parentsC．teenagers　　　　　　　　　D．playersC　[根据该句中的“andgettingalongwith”，并结合上文叙述的“我”骄傲地得知“我”触及了她们的生活可以推知，“我”喜欢上了教学，和青少年们相处融洽；C项意为“青少年”，故C项正确。]18．A.teacher　　　　　　　B．writerC．performer　　　　　　　　　D．listenerB　[根据第一段倒数第二句“Iwantedtobeawriter”可知，我想要当一名作家；结合后句中的“startedwriting”可知，“我”开始写作；据此可以推知，“我”仍然想要做一名作家，故B项正确。]19．A.dreaming　　　　B．hesitatingC．travelling　　　　　　　　　D．learning\nA　[根据该句中的“startedwriting”，并结合语境可知，第一次“我”不再幻想，而是真正开始写作；A项意为“想象，梦想”，故A项正确。]20．A.ideaB．part　　　　C．end　　　　D．planC　[根据该句中的“itwasthebeginning”可知，教学是“我”写作的开始，据此可知，空处与句中的“beginning”对应，表示“终结”，故C项正确。]课时提能练(四十四)选修8　Unit22　EnvironmentalProtection(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·江西金太阳联考)Burningcoaltoprovideenergyaddsplanetwarmingcarbondioxide,orCO2,toEarth'satmosphere.Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.CO2mustalsobeobliteratedfromtheatmosphere,theysay.ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbonremovaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecosteffectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.ForestsusedtocovermuchoftheAppalachianMountainsintheeasternUnitedStates.InthestateofWestVirginia,akindofminingknownasstripmining(露天开采)leftthelandtherebare,withouttrees.Nowexpertsareworkingtobringbacktheforeststhatoncecoveredmuchofthestate.WestVirginia'sMonongahelaNationalForestishometoararegroupoftrees.Theyarecalledvirgin(原始的)woods;theyhaveneverbeentouchedbyhumans.ShaneJones,abiologistwiththeU．S.ForestService,saysthetreesthereweremissedbymistakewhenthesurroundingforestwascutdownforwoodmanyyearsago.Thatmistaketurnedouttobeagoodthing;redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCO2outoftheatmosphereandlockingitintothesoil.Expertssay,natureofferspowerfultoolstofightclimatechange.\n【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。燃烧煤导致了大量的能引起温室效应的二氧化碳排放到了大气中，仅仅是减少二氧化碳的排放并不足以避免全球气候变暖带来的灾难。现有的实验阶段的去除二氧化碳的机器又太贵，无法大面积普及使用。还好一项新的研究表明，有效又经济的去除二氧化碳的办法已经存在，那就是森林。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obliterated”meaninParagraph1?A．Prevented.　　　　B．Cleared.C．Produced.D．Stored.B　[词义猜测题。由划线句子上一句“Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.(随着地球变暖，专家警告说仅仅是减少二氧化碳的排放并不足以避免全球气候变暖带来的灾难。)”可推知，划线词所在句意为“二氧化碳必须从空气中移除”。划线单词也与下段首句“ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.(现有的直接从空气中移除二氧化碳的实验机器太贵，无法广泛使用。)”中的remove呼应。Prevented阻止，阻碍；Cleared移走，清除；Produced生产，制造；Stored贮藏，保存。故选B。]2．What'stheadvantageofforestscomparedwiththeexistingexperimentalmachines?A．Theyreleasemoreoxygen.B．TheyclearmoreCO2.C．Theysavemoremoney.D．TheyabsorbCO2faster.C　[细节理解题。由第二段中的“ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbonremovaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.(美国国家科学、工程和医学院的一项新报告表明，有效的去除二氧化碳的技术已经存在。它花费不高，甚至不是复杂的科学。它就是森林。)”可知，与现有的实验机器相比，森林的好处是省钱。故选C。]3．WhydoestheauthormentionWestVirginiainParagraph3?A．Toprovetheplaceisunsuitableforhumansurvival.B．Tostressplantingtreesispracticalforcleanair.C．Toindicatetreesaredifficulttoliveonsuchpoorsoil.D．Toshowpeopleinthestatearenowlivingahardlife.B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecosteffectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslarge\nareas.(研究显示，植树造林是划算的清理空气的方法。它们也适合大面积的使用。)”可知，本段中的举例是为证明用植树造林来清理空气是切实可行的。故选B。]4．Whatcanweknowabouttheredsprucetrees?A．TheycanonlybefoundinMonongahelaNationalForest.B．Theyweregiventhenamevirginwoodsforbeauty.C．Theywerecutdownforwoodbyfarmers.D．Theycouldstorecarbondioxideinthesoil.D　[细节理解题。由第四段中的“redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCO2outoftheatmosphereandlockingitintothesoil(像莫农加希拉的这些云杉在吸收空气中的二氧化碳，并将它们锁在土壤内这些方面是极其有效的)”可知，云杉能将二氧化碳储存在土壤中。故选D。]B(2020·威海模拟)A2018reportfoundthatfoodwastewouldincreasebyathirdto2.1billiontonsby2030.Beyondthecostofthewasteitself，thrownawayfoodgeneratesagasthatcontributestoclimatechange.Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwothirds，butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.Tailormademealkitscutwastebyprovidingpeoplewithpreciseamountsoffreshingredients(烹饪原料)forchosenrecipes，meaningleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethedeliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste，buyingthesamefoodingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingleusepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifpeoplehavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption，theywon'toverbuyandhavelessfoodwaste.Theyfinetunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.Thepackagingisakillerifit'ssingleuseandthrownaway，whichcanmakealltheenvironmentalbenefitslost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.\n【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。套餐可以减少食物浪费，但包装是个问题。家庭送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费，但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装，使其更加环保。5．Whatcanwelearnabouthomedeliverymealkits?A．Theycancutdownondailyexpenses.B．Theywilltotallysolvetheproblemoffoodwaste.C．Theycankeepenergyconsumptiontoaminimum.D．Theywillbenefittheenvironmentwithreusablepackaging.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwothirds(家庭送餐包可以减少三分之二的食物浪费)”可知可利用的包装对环保有益。故选D。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“finetune”inParagraph3mean?A．Attach.　B．Adjust.C．Raise.D．Compare.B　[词义猜测题。第三段主要讲述量身定制餐会降低浪费。根据画线句“Theyfinetunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.(人们可以根据将要吃多少来调整食物数量。)”可知，finetune意为“调节，调整”，故选B。]7．Theauthorsuggestscarryingmealswithadeliverytruckto________.A．reducetransportemissionsB．savemorefoodC．shoponlyinthesupermarketD．shortencartripdistancesA　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.”可知餐盒可以减少交通排放，运送卡车可以一次给小区很多人送餐饭，减少交通排放。故选A。]8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetomealkits?A．Supportive.B．Unfavorable.C．Objective.D．Indifferent.C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkit\npackagingwascutbyafifth.”可知研究表明外卖饭盒比超市买食物会耗费更多的能源，再根据最后一句“Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.(但是如果这些包装能够被再利用，对我们还是会有一些益处的。)”可推出作者对饭盒的使用是客观的态度。故选C。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·济宁冲刺卷)HealthySee,HealthyDoVisitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablycomehomewithafewthingsyoudidnotplantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseofadditionalpurchases.Thelocationofstoredisplays(摆放)alsoinfluencesourshoppingchoices.　1　Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.Studieshavefoundthattheproductsmostcommonlyfoundtherearesugaryandsaltysnacks.　2　A2012studyintheNetherlandsfoundthathospitalworkersweremorelikelytogiveupjunkfoodforhealthysnackswhenthelatterweremorereadilyavailableoncanteenshelves,forexample.In2014NorwegianandIcelandicresearchersalsofoundthatreplacingunhealthyfoodswithhealthyonesinthecheckoutareasignificantlyincreasedlastminutesalesofhealthierfoods.　3　Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1,000storeownerstoencouragethemtoorderandpromotenutritiousfoods.“Weknowthatthestoresarefullofcues(暗示)meanttoencourageconsumption，”saysTamarAdjoian,aresearchscientistatthedepartment,“Makinghealthyfoodsmoreconvenientorappealingcanleadtoincreasedsalesofthoseproducts.”Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity'scrowdedurbancheckoutareas,sotheyselectedthreeBronxsupermarketsfortheirownstudy.　4　Thentheyrecordedpurchasesoversixthreehourperiodsineachstorefortwoweeks.Ofthemorethan2,100shopperstheyobserved,just4percentboughtanythingfromthecheckoutarea.Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylinespurchasednutritiousfoodsmorethantwiceasoftenasthoseinthestandardlines.　5　ThesefindingswerereportedinSeptemberintheJournalofNutritionEducationandBehavior.Thepotentialinfluencemayseemsmall,butAdjoianbelievesthatchangingmorecheckoutlineswouldopencustomers'eyestonutritious,lowercaloriefoods.Health\ndepartmentofficialsarenowexploringwaystoexpandhealthyoptionsatcheckoutcountersthroughoutNewYorkCity.A．Thesefoodsgivepeoplemoreenergy.B．Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.C．Anditmaymakeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits.D．Thesupermarketsbegantooffernutritious,lowercaloriefoods.E．ThesefindingscaughttheattentionofNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth.F．Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.G．Andafewstudieshavesuggestedthatsimplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior.【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。1．C　[空格位于首段最后一句。空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“Thelocation”可形成指代关系，并且“makeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits”与文章主题HealthySee,HealthyDo(看到的健康的，买的就是健康的)呼应。故选C。]2．G　[空格位于段中。空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品经常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者看到的经常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G中的“simplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior(简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为)”与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。]3．E　[空格位于段首。由本段中的“aresearchscientistatthedepartment”可知，前边应该出现过department，选项E中的“DepartmentofHealth”与之呼应。故选E。]4．F　[空格位于段中。分析文章结构，第四段和第五段主要讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验。空格前句意为：为了证明把健康食品放在收银处，是不是影响拥挤的市区内的顾客的购买行为，他们选择了三家超市。空格后句意为：他们连续三周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买情况。可以推知，中间一句话应该是实验的设置方式。选项F“Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.(他们把收银处附近的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果。)”与这个试验的目的一致。故选F。]5．B　[空格位于段中。这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的“Thesefindings”可知，前边至少有两项发现。空格前句意为：在那些在收银处买了东西的人当中，站在健康食品队列的人比站在不健康食品队列的人买了多于两倍的东西。这是一个发现，选项B中的“Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentless\noften.(他们买不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。)”与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一致的一个发现，又与下句中的“Thesefindings”呼应。故选B。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·抚顺模拟)Lastweek,anactivitycalled“BeijingoperaenteringCampus”washeldinourschool.Inthemorning,twoartists，1.________actingskillswerewonderful,cametoourschoolasplanned.When2.________(reach)theroom,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.Afteracasualchat,theartists3.________(invite)tothehalltogiveusadetailedintroductiontoBeijingopera.Withgreat4.________(expect),welistened5.________(attentive)andlearnedthattherearefivemainrolesinBeijingopera,andthefacialmaskoneachofthemtellsthecharacteristicsoftherole.TohelpusbetterunderstandBeijingopera,theartistalsoshowedusseveralclassic6.________(example)ofsingingandacting.Afterthelecture,wecouldn'twaittostartthefollowingtrainingsessions.Oneartistshowedushowtopaintthefacialmaskonourface,andtheothertaughtusthetypicalmovesstep7.________step.Underthe8.________(patience)guidanceoftheartists,welearnedthebasicskillsanddevelopedastronginterest.Afterseveralrehearsals,wewerereadytostageascenefromJourneytotheWest.Ontheperformingday,withexcitementandnervousness,IplayedSunWukongwiththeladyartist.Toourgreatdelight,ourperformancewontheapplauseofourschoolmates.Throughthisactivity,I'vefoundBeijingoperaappealing9.________learneditmusttakealongandhardtraining10.________(become)agoodperformer.IamexpectingtospreadBeijingoperatomoreaudiences.【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了上周在作者学校举行的一个名为“京剧走进校园”的活动过程。1．whose　[考查定语从句。本句为定语从句修饰先行词artists，且先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。]2．reaching　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，reach在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语they构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填reaching。]3．wereinvited　[考查动词时态及语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且事情发生在上周应用一般过去时，主语为artists，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填wereinvited。]4．expectation(s)　[\n考查名词。句意：带着极大的期待，我们仔细聆听，了解到京剧有五个主要角色，每个角色的面具都有各自的特点。great为形容词修饰名词，故应填expectation，短语withgreatexpectation表示“带着极大的期待”。且expectation为可数名词，前面没有冠词修饰，故也可填复数形式。故填expectation(s)。]5．attentively　[考查副词。句意见上题。修饰动词listen应用副词，表示“专注地，仔细地”，故填attentively。]6．examples　[考查名词的数。example为可数名词，由several修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填examples。]7．by　[考查介词。根据固定短语stepbystep表示“一步一步地，逐步地”，故填by。]8．patient　[考查形容词。此处修饰名词guidance应用形容词，表示“耐心的指导”，故填patient。]9．and　[考查连词。句意：通过这次活动，我发现京剧很吸引人，并认识到要成为一名优秀的演员必须经过长期艰苦的训练。根据上下文语境可知上下文为承接关系，故填and。]10．tobecome　[考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。根据固定句式ittakessb.sometimetodosth.表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”，可知应填不定式。故填tobecome。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·天水模拟)OurclassorganizedanactivityonSeptember26th.Itturnedouttobememorableandrewardingexperience.OnSeptember25thwehadaclassmeetingtodiscusswhatwewoulddo,atthatwecommunicatedopenlyandtalkedaboutourownthoughts.Afteraheatedlydiscussion,wemadeupourmindstogotoanursinghomefortheoldtodosomethingforthem.OnSeptember26th,wesetoutearlyinthemorning.Assoonaswegotthere,andwebegantodosomecleaning.Anhourlater,theroomsinthehometakeonanewlook.Thendividingintotwogroups,wegotdownforothertasks.Onegroupamusedtheelderlybypresentanimpressiveperformance.TheothergrouptaughtthosewhowereinterestedinEnglishafewdailyEnglishexpress.Inthecourseoflearning,wewereinspiredbytheirlongingforknowledge.Timepassedunconsciously.Whenlunchtimecame,wehadtosaygoodbyetohim.[答案]　OurclassorganizedanactivityonSeptember26th.Itturnedouttobememorableandrewardingexperience.OnSeptember25thwehadaclassmeetingtodiscusswhatwewoulddo,atwecommunicatedopenlyandtalkedaboutourownthoughts.Afteradiscussion,\nwemadeupourmindstogotoanursinghomefortheoldtodosomethingforthem.OnSeptember26th,wesetoutearlyinthemorning.Assoonaswegotthere,webegantodosomecleaning.Anhourlater,theroomsinthehomeonanewlook.Thenintotwogroups,wegotdownothertasks.Onegroupamusedtheelderlybyanimpressiveperformance.TheothergrouptaughtthosewhowereinterestedinEnglishafewdailyEnglish.Inthecourseoflearning,wewereinspiredbytheirlongingforknowledge.Timepassedunconsciously.Whenlunchtimecame,wehadtosaygoodbyeto.