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高三英语基础知识必备专题四代词

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代词一、代词的用法命题规律一、代词是每年必考,贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下,强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而,在复习中要注意总结、归纳,特别应熟记一批有特点的例句,以加深印象,更加准确地把握其用法。 三、平时要多做练习,能够提高熟悉语境的能力,很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的,这方面一定要重视。代词高考常考点(1)人称代词:人称代词作主语一般用主格形式,做宾语用宾格形式,作表语用主格形式,做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语,作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意:①人称代词用作表语时,如说明主语,一般要用主格,如说明宾语则要用宾格。②在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。(2)反身代词:反身代词在句中可以作enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce等动词和by,for,to等介词的宾语,还可以作主语或宾语的同位语,可译作“亲自,本人”,但不能作主语。(3)指示代词:指示词有this,that,these,those等。注意以下4点:①this,these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用;that,those是时间或空间上的“远指”,可与there连用。②指上文提到的事一般用that,有时也用this,指下文的事只能用this。③打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方,不用I或you。④this和that还可表示程度,意为“如此,那么”,相当于so,作状语。(4)不定代词:①表示两者“都”用both,表示两者“都不”用neither/nor,表示两者中的“任一”用either。②表示多者“都”用all,表示多者“都不”用none,noone,neither,nobody,nothing等表示多者中的“任一”用any。③all单独使用,或者后接一个定语从句,或者前面有物主代词时,意为everything或theonlything(s)。④another或“another+单数可数名词”泛指“另一个,有一个,再一个”,其复数形式是others或“other+复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”,有some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。theother(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个,常有one…theother(一个…另一个…)的搭配;其复数形式theothers或“theother8+复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another还可用于“another+基数词或few+复数名词”中,与“数词或some+more/other+复数名词”相当。⑤everything(一切事,最重要的事),everyone=everybody(每个人,所有人);something(某事,重要的人或事物),someone=somebody(某/有人,重要的人);anything(什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物),anyone=anybody(任何人,无论谁,重要的人);nothing(没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事),noone=nobody(没有人,不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语,如fornothing(徒劳,免费),nothingbut(仅仅,只不过),等等。(5)代词 it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法:①代词one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词,但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物(复数用ones,主格和宾格相同);而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品(复数用they(主格)和them(宾格)。②one(ones)和that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词,但使用时应注意:替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词,或者重复那个名词,但不可用one来代替。替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可,但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词);特指时用that(相当于the+名词)。 one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语,也可以有后置修饰语(of短语除外);而that(those)不能有前置修饰语,它(们)的修饰语只能后置。后跟of短语时,一般只能用that(those)。【例1】Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.【解析】it作宾语从句主语,替代动词不定式短语tochoose……。【例2】Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease______.【方法总结】句子缺主语或宾语,空格后没有提示词,填词多为代词。二、代词在高考中的考查形式专题预测4代词【近2年新课标全国卷高考统计分析】年份没有提示词(纯空格)有提示词冠词代词连接词介词动词词类转换比较等级从句并列谓语8非谓语2022(新课标全国I)0110122212022(新课标全国II)1010113302022(新课标全国I)1011012312022(新课标全国II)010112320【近3年高考试题剖析】1.[2022·全国卷Ⅰ]Afewhourslater,I'dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.________(it)chokingsmog.【答案】its【解析】63.its 考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前,“我”在香港的家里,呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词,故用its。2.[2022·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It's__69__(I).(2022·广东卷第16题)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid__16__wasawonderfulholidaydestination.【答案】16.it  【解析】考查代词。it指Miami。4.(2022·广东卷第25题)“Doyouneedthoseglassesformedicalreasons?”theteacherasked.…Thenhetook__25__off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,“That'scool.”【答案】25.them【解析】考查代词。代替上文提到的glasses(眼镜),作宾语,用代词them。【2022高考模拟预测训练】1.Starving,theyhadtoeateachothertosurvive—thoughthispicturemakes51lookheroicratherthanviolent.【答案】51.them【解析】考查代词。根据上文内容可知此处指代thesurvivorsofthewreckona8raft,做make的宾语,用宾格形式。短语:makesbdosth,答案填them。2.“Mum,whydoesthatmanhavearadioeventhoughhe’shomeless?”Iasked.“Hebought46,”shereplied.【答案】46.it。【解析】考查学生在语境中正确使用代词的能力,指代上文同一物。3.Whenthefloodsubsidedtwodayslater,Nancyimmediatelywentbacktothehighland.Lizziewasgone.__51_wasoneofthe19cowsthatNancylost.【答案】51.She【解析】句意是:她是Nancy丢失的19头牛之一。此处用拟人的写法故填She。4.Butoneyear,thespiritofQuappearedandtoldthemournersthatahugereptile(爬行动物)intheriverhadstolentherice.Thespiritthenadvised___50__towrapthericeandbindit___51__throwingitintotheriver.【答案】50.them【解析】屈原的魂灵建议人们把米包起来在捆扎上在扔到河里。故填them指往河里扔稻米的人。5.TheplacewhereIworkkindlyprovidesfoodforallattendants.However,whatbothers___43___isthattheythrowawayallleftoversandthereareusuallylots!6.“48wasJanuaryof1960,”hesaid,“andaccordingtotheprognosis,Ihadawinterandspringandsummer49(live)through,andwoulddiewiththefalloftheleaf.”【答案】48.It【解析】考查it用法。it可知指代时间,距离。7.DuringoneofthesevisitsIwasholdingherhandwhilesheslept.Whensheawoke,hereyesstaredatmeandIcouldtellshedidn’trecognize50.【答案】50.me【解析】考查代词。从语境可知此处是指作者,因作宾语,用人称代词宾格形式。8.Irishpeopleliftbirthdaychildrenupsidedownandhitthem48(light)onthefloorforeveryyearof49age.【答案】49.their8【解析】考查形容词性的物主代词。根据语境可知,该处句意为:他们过几岁生日,就把他们往地上轻撞几下。故该空填their。9.Butlaterintheevening,hetoldmehehadreceived__5messagesayingthathehadbeenemployedbythecompany.【答案】5.another【解析】那天傍晚的时候,儿子告诉我,他又收到一个短信说他被录取了。另一个another。10.Thecamerasremindthemtheyhavetobehave47,whichmakesthemunhappy.【答案】47.themselves【解析】在固定短语中考查反身代词。behaveoneself:表现好;行为得体。故该题正确答案为themselves.三、2022届代词模拟试题演练1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式按序号填写到短文后的相应位置。【内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学2022届高三9月质量检测】Once,inalovelygarden,livedthemostbeautifulbutterflyintheworld.Shewassopretty,andhadwonsomanybeautycompetitions 1 shehadbecomeveryproud.Oneday,anaughtycockroach(蟑螂)gotfedupwithhershowingoff,anddecided 2 (teach)heralesson. Shewenttoseethebutterfly,andinfrontofeveryoneshetoldherthatshewasn’treallythatbeautiful,andthatthebutterflyonlywonthecompetitions 3 thejudgeshadbeenpaid.In 4 (real),thecockroachwasthemostbeautiful. Thebutterflywasangryandtoldthecockroach,“I 5 (beat)youinabeautycompetition,withwhicheverjudgesyouchoose.” “OK,Iaccept.SeeyouonSaturday,”answeredthecockroach,andleft 6 waitingforareply. ThatSaturdayeveryonewentto 7 beautycompetition.Thebutterflyarrivedcompletelyconfidentofvictoryuntilshesaw 8 thejudgeswere:cockroaches,worms,beetles.Allof 9 preferredtheuglinessandbadsmellofthecockroach. Thebutterflywasleft 10 (sob)anddisappointed,wantingnevertoenteranotherbeautycompetitioninherlife.Fortunately,thecockroachforgavethebutterflyforherprideandtheybecamefriends. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.8【答案】1.【小题1】that2.【小题2】toteach3.【小题3】because4.【小题4】reality5.【小题5】willbeat6.【小题6】without7.【小题7】the8.【小题8】who9.【小题9】them10.【小题10】sobbing【解析】1.【小题1】that so...that... 太...以致于---。 她赢得了太多的美丽比赛,以致它变得非常骄傲.故填that。【名师点拨】状语从句在语法填空中的考查语法填空考查状语从句,主要是考查引导词。状语从句共有9种。1.时间状语从句常见的引导词有:when/while/as/before/after/since/until/assoonas等。2.条件状语从句常见的引导词有:if/unless/once/aslongas等。3.地点状语从句常见的引导词有:where/wherever84.原因状语从句常见的引导词有:because/as/since5.结果状语从句常见的引导词有:so---that---/such---that---。6.目的状语从句常见的引导词有:sothat/inorderthat.7.方式状语从句常见的引导词有:asif/asthough/justas8.比较状语从句常见的引导词有:than/as---as---/notas(so)---as---.9.让步状语从句常见的引导词有:though/although/while/evenif/eventhough/whatever/nomatterwhat.考点:考查语法填空2.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2022届高三上学期第三次模拟】IwasnineyearsoldwhenIlearnttorideabike.Thebikewasabirthdaypresentfrommyuncle.Youcanimaginehow76(excite)IwaswhenIsawthebike,andIbeggedmyuncletoteachmehow77(ride)itrightaway.However,beforeIgotonthebike,Ifelt78(extreme)nervousandlwasafraidthatlwouldfalloffandhurt79(me).Myuncleheldontotheseatandhelpedmetoget80thebike.Whilelwasriding,hewasrunningalongbesideme,holdingtheseatsoIwouldnotfallover.Iwasso81(grate)tohimforhishelp.AsIwaspracticing,Ibecamemoreandmoreconfident.Then,Iheardmyuncleshouting,"Youareridingitbyyourselfnow!"Iwasbothexcitedandscared.Iwasreallyridingbymyself,but82ifIfelloff?CouldIusethebrakestostop?AsIwaswonderingaboutthis,myuncleranaftermeandgotholdofthebike.I83(slow)downandcametoastop.MyheartwasstillbeatingfastwhenIgotoffthebike.84(late)thatday,havinglearnthowtogetonthebikeandgetoffit,Ifeltlikelwaswalkingonair!Iamstillthankfultomyuncleforteachingmetorideabikeonmy85(nine)birthday.【答案】76.【小题1】excited77.【小题2】toride78.【小题3】extremely79.【小题4】myself80.【小题5】on81.【小题6】grateful882.【小题7】what83.【小题8】slowed84.【小题9】Later85.【小题10】ninth【解析】8

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发布时间:2022-08-25 14:18:20 页数:8
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