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中考必备 初中英语基础知识大全

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中考辅导——人教版初中阶段中考基础知识整合与测评JUNIORBOOKI一.知识网络【重点内容概要】1.元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节中的读音。2.常用的日常交际用语。3.人称代词,物主代词、指示代词及基数词。4.动词be(am,is,,are)的用法及人称代词,名词的数的一致性,5.一些表示方位、地点介词的用法.6.名词所有格。Myfather’swatchthepicofBillybilly’spictures7,冠词a,an,the的基本用法。8.以What、Where、Who、Whose、Which、How等引导的疑问句和一般疑问句以及它们的回答.9.能灵活运用人称代词的主格和宾格.10.掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法,以及与其搭配使用的相关修饰词11.Therebe句型以及与have(has)的运用及区别。12.动词的现在进行时和一般现在时的运用。,13.祈使句的肯定、否定形式.14.常用的句型及交际用语。15.人称代词主格和宾格的使用。16.可数名词和不可数名词的运用.17.常用的句型。18.现在进行时和一般现在时的使用。【句型、词组精讲】WordsandExpressions1.Excuse,me./I’msorry.这两个句子是会话时常用客套语。1)Excuseme.表示“劳驾”,“请问”,“请原谅”,“对不起”,“打扰一下”等意思,多用于句首,主要用于在请求别人帮忙时用。如:Excuseme,isthiswatchyours?Excuseme.HowcanIgettothestation?2)I’msorry.或Sorry.一般用于听到别人的不幸或做了对不起别人的事情表示遗憾或向其道歉,或不能够给对方提供信息或帮助时的场合。如:I’msorryI’mlate.I’msorrytohearyourmotherisill.Sorry,Ican’tgowithyou.Sorry,Iwon’tdothatagain.,2.it’s/its1)it’s是itis的缩写形式,意思是“那是”。2)its是it的物主代词,具有形容词的性质,作定语,意思是“它的”。如:Thisisabird.ItsnameisPolly.这是一只鸟,它的名字叫波莉。It’sacat.Canyouspellitsname?那是一只猫,你能拼出它的名字吗?3.listen/hear1)listen意为“听”,强调听的动作,当后接听的对象时要加to。如:Listen!Whoistalking?听!谁在讲话?We’relisteningtotheteacher.我们正在听老师讲课。2)hear意为“听到”,强调听的结果。如:I’mlisteningtotheteacher,butIcan’thearhim.我正在听老师讲课,但我听不见他讲的话。4.not…atall/Notatall1)not…atall意为“根本不……,一点也不……”,not放在助动词之后。如:Hedoesn’tstudyhardatall.他学习一点也不认真。2)Notatall.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,回答对方的感谢、道歉时用语。如:“Thankyouverymuch.”“Notatall.”“非常感谢。”“不用谢。”5.speak/say/tell/talk这四个词都有“说”之意。1)speak强调说话的能力和方式,后常接说的某种语言。如:DoyouspeakEnglish?你讲英语?2)say强调说的内容。如:Whatishesaying?他在说什么?3)tell意为“告诉”,后常接双宾语或复合宾语。如:Letmetellyouastory.,让我给你们讲个故事吧。Theteacheroftentellsustostudyhard.老师经常叫我们努力学习。4)talk为不及物动词,构成短语talkwith,talkto,talkabout等。如:Whataretheytalkingabout?他们正在谈论什么?6.old/ageold(指年龄),表示“……岁的”意思,常和how一起构成疑问句。如:Howoldareyou?你多大?age是“年龄”的意思,通常和what一起构成特殊疑问句。如:Whatageishe?或What’shisage?他多大了?Oldpeopleagedpeople介词+名词归纳1.in+语言:表示用什么语言或用什么语言说(或写)。如:What’sthisinEnglish? HeiswritingalettertohisfatherinChinese.2.inpairs意为“成双地”,“成对地”,“两人一组”。如:Pleaseaskandanswerinpairs.3.inthewall表示在墙里面。如:Thereisaholeinthewall.如果表示在墙的表面或墙上,用onthewall。如:SheputamapofChinaonthewall.4.atwork意为“在工作”,work前不加the。类似这样的词组还有athome(在家),atschool(上学),attable(就餐)等。5.by+交通工具:表示“乘……”。如:bybike=onthebikebytrain=onthetrain,byboat=ontheboat,byplane/air=ontheplane,byship/sea=ontheshipbycar=inthecar,bybus=inthebus等。但:步行则用onfoot来表达。6.onone’sway…表示“在去……的途中”。如:Hefoundadogwalkinginthestreetonhiswayhome. onone’swaytoschool在某人上学的途中onone’swayback在某人返回的途中7.onduty表示“值日”。如:Who’sondutytoday?今天谁值日?Iamonduty.我值日。动词+介词&副词结构1.动词+介词结构。这类词组无论其宾语是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如: lookafter=takecareof照看,照料 looklike看上去像 lookat… 看……             be worriedabout… 对……担忧 comefrom…=befrom… 来自…… getto…到达……        workon… 从事,操作…… turnon(off)打开,(关掉) comeinto… 进入……2.动词+副词结构,这类词组后接宾语时,宾语如果是名词既可放在动词与副词之间,也可放在副词之后;如果是人称代词,多放在动词和副词之间。如:handup举起手来   puton穿上;挂上(贴上)   takeoff脱掉   putaway…把……放好;把……收起来Therebe和tohave句型这两个句型都表示“有”的意思。Therebe表示“存在”的关系,tohave侧重“所属关系”。如:Therearefortystudentsinourclass.Wehaveahappyfamily.使用Therebe和tohave句型时还应注意以下几点:1.Therebe句型中的就近一致原则。即be的形式与靠近它的主语一致。如:Thereisatableandtwochairsintheroom.Therearefourchairsandatableintheroom.2.就Therebe句型中的主语提问时,往往把there这个引导词省掉。如:Thereisabookonthedesk.(就划线部分提问)What’sonthedesk?3.当表示某物属于另一物中不可分割的一部分时,往往用tohave句型。如:桌子有四条腿。Thetablehasfourlegs.4.美国英语常用havegot表示“有”。如:TheyhavegotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.二.考试热点,1.人称代词和物主代词的运用.2.疑问词的正确运用。3.be与主语的数的一致性.4.介词的常见用法.5.人称代词的主格和宾格.6.现在进行时和一般现在时。主要题型有用所给词的适当形式填空、交际运用。7.交际运用三.重、难点突破1.代词的正确运用,疑问词的运用及be的使用。在运用代词时,我们应从所替代名词的数、性别着手,并根据它在句中的位置来确定是主格还是宾格,是用名词性物主代词还是形容词性物主代词.具体来说,在主语的位置用主格;在动词、介词或副词后作宾语时,要用宾格.而形容词性物主代词后面要带名词.2.疑问词的使用则要根据疑问词能作什么成分,是问时间、地点,颜色,人还是物等以及其答语来做出选择.3.be的使用要看主语是单数名词、不可数名词、还是复数名词来确定。主要题型有用所给词的适当形式填空、交际运用。4.正确区分可数名词和不可数名词十分重要。不可数名词作主语时,谓语要用单数,而可数名词又有单复数之分。一般地,many、afew/few只修饰可数名词,much、alittle/little只修饰不可数名词,而some、any、alotof、lots“两者均可修饰。,5.现在进行时的使用关键在于其构成和依其常用的时态标志词,如look、listen,now等来判断.一般现在时的难点在其疑问、否定的变化和当主语为单数第三人称时其谓语动词的变化。现在以work为例来看看一般现在时的句式变化规律。Heworkseveryday.Hedoesn'tworkeveryday.Doesheworkeveryday?即一般变化规律(注意:谓语动词为行为动词或连系动词时;be型不在此例)主语+谓语十其他否定,主语+don't/doesn't+谓语动词原形+其他疑问:Do/Does主语+谓语动词原形+其他?总之,这两种时态的正确使用关键在于用法和常用时间状语。四.典型例题【考题导析】例1语音题:选出划线部分的读音与其他三个划线部分读音不同的单词。   (1)A.lake     B.cat     C.take     D.cake   (2)A.bed     B.desk    C.she      D.let   (3)A.fish     B.fine    C.nice     D.time                                                                            (4)A.box     B.hot     C.shop     D.home,分析:此题考查元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节中的读音。关键之处是学生对重读开音节、闭音节要了解。(1)小题的A、B、C、D中只有B是闭音节,a发音,其余都是开音节,a发[ei]音。(2)小题C为开音节,e发[i:]音,其余都是闭音节,e发[e]音。(3)小题A为闭音节,i发[i]音,其余都是开音节,i发[ai]音。(4)小题D为开音节,o发音,其余都是闭音节,。发音。     例2选择填空        A.______pencil-boxisthis,Patrick?            B.It’s_______. A.Whose,mine   B.Who’s,mine   C.Whose,my   D.Who’smy分析:此题考查疑问词的正确使用及两种物主代词的用法。首先要分清Whose与Who’s的读音相同,但含义不同。Whose“谁的”Who“是谁”“谁是……”根据题意,询问“铅笔盒是谁的?”那么答案从A和C中选择。而形容词性的物主代词要用于名词之前,名词性物主代词相当于一个形容词性的物主代词和名词,故此题答案为A。          例3 Ifoundthebottlein_______room.        A.SaraandKate       B.Sara’sandKate's        C.Sara'sandKate      D.SaraandKate's分析:此题考查名词所有格。英语中表示所属,在人名后加上’s,但两人共有一物,只在最后一人名后加’s。故此题答案为D。例4 JackandTomare________.        A.goodfriends   B.goodfriend   C.agoodfriend   D.goodafriend                分析:此题考查名词的数与be动词的一致性。Jack和Tom是两人,谓语是are,,故朋友“friend”一词应加s,所以答案为A。例51)—Who’sthat?  —______..           A.I'mTomspeaking    B.MynameisTom           C.Tomspeak          D.ThisisTomspeaking2)—________? —ThisisMr.Smithspeakingnow.           A.Whoareyou          B.Who'sthat           C.Whoareyoucalling    D.Whatdoyouwanttosay分析:此两题考查英语打电话的交际用语。打电话中问对方是谁,要说“Who’sthat?”,不能说“Whoareyou?”。而回答“我是……”要说Thisis…,不能说Iam…。故答案为1)D   2)B。例6—Lily,it'sLinda'sbirthdaytomorrow. —Ohyes.Iwillbuy______abigbirthdaycake.         A.him    B.you    C.her     D.it分析:此题考查人称代词的正确使用。根据语境分析,准备给Linda买蛋糕,由于Linda是女孩的名字,故要用“她”一词来代替,而用于动词后的人称代词要用宾格,所以正确答案为C。           例7 Isthiscakefor______?        A.I     B.my    C.me     D.mine分析:此题同样考查人称代词用于介词之后应用宾格这一用法,所以C答案为正确的。,例8Listen!Someone______inthenextroom.         A.cry   B.iscrying   C.arecrying  D.crying分析:此题有一关键词listen,提示此处应用现在进行时态填空。而Someone作主语时,谓语用单数形式,故答案为B。      例9Howmany______doyouwant?       A.glassesofmilk  B.glassofmilks  C.glassesofmilks  D.milks分析:此题有两处应该注意:一是不可数名词无复数形式;二是Howmany与可数名词的复数形式搭配。所以此题正确答案为A。      例10There______pencil-box,twobooksandsomeflowersonthedesk.          A.isa   B.aresome   C.hasa   D.havesome分析:英语中“有”可以用therebe结构和have/has,但两者用法不同。therebe表示存在有,即“某地有……”;而have/has表示所有,即“某人(物)有……”。此题的onthedesk表明某地有,C、D则不能选。而根据therebe句型中主谓一致、就近的原则,pencil-box没有用复数形式。故答案选A。[例11] That’s——coat.It's——       A.yours,Tom's   B.your,Tom,x   Cyour,Tom   D.yours,Tom分析:此题考查代词和名词所有格的用法。名词性物主代词相当于一个形容词性物主代词加上一个名词,故由第一空可排除A、D两项,又由句竟“它是汤姆的上衣”知,应选B.解后反思 根据句意和所处位置来确定代词是解题的关键。,[例12]  一Thisisaphotoof        whentheywereyoung.一OK,howhappytheybothlooked   A.myfatherandmother   B.mymotherandfather's   C.mymother'sandfather's   D.myfather'sandmymother分析:此题考查名词的所有格,A、D不合所有格用法,故可以排除。又由题意可知这张相片是共有的,故选B.解后反思 英语中名词表示所属,在人名后加’s,如两人共有一物,则在最后一人名后加’s,若为两人各自所有的,则在两人名后分别加’s[例13] ----Wheremymoney?Ican'tfindit.  —Look!     somemoneyunderyourchair   A.Therehas   B.Thereare   CThereis    Dlt's分析:此题显然考查therebe句型。therebe句型中be的数要采取就近原则,即be的效由离它最近的主语来决定,本题主语somemoney是不可数名词,故谓语要用单数,所以选C,解后反思 在therebe句型中不会出现have的各种形式。[例14] "CanIgetyouadrink?" "That'sveryniceofyou.I'vealreadygot_______."   A.it   B.one   C.that   D.this分析:此题考查这四个指示代词的用法。当被替代的名词前有修饰语时,要用one或ones。当替代不可数名词时不能用one,只用that。而it替代同类事物中的同一件事物。this是近指,往往替代即将要说的,且that,this,it前均不带修饰语,故此题选B。,[例15] I'mthirsty.Iwanttobuy            A.twobottlesoforanges   B.twobottlesoforange   C.twobottleoforanges   D.twobottleoforange分析:此题考查不可敷名词的计量表达法。oranges是橘子之意,显然与thirsty不符,故A、C可排除,D也不行,选B。解后反思 orange是多义词,当“橘汁”讲时,是不可数名词,当“橘子”讲是可数名词.不可数名词的量化常用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构,当数量超过一时,量词应用复数,如本题B.[例16] Look!Theboys      happilyintheriver.   A.swim   B.swam   C.willswim   D.areswimming分析:此题考查谓语的时态。由look这一关键词可知,此处应用现在进行时,故答案为D.解后反思 谓语动词的时态是由时间状语、暗示词或上下文来确定的,它的数由主语决定。所以,做这种题,要纵观全局。[例17] Katehaslost     keys,sosheasks   forhelpA.her,mine   B.hers,me   C。hers,I   D.her,me分析:此题考查代词的用法。由前空所处位置知该空应填形容词性物主代词,而后句意为“她向……寻求帮助”即askssb.forhelp。故后空应填代词宾格。故选D,解后反思 作宾语的代词要用宾格,而作定语的代词要用形容词性物主代词。【正误例析】,1.那个男孩是谁?误:Whosethatboy?正:Who’sthatboy?析:whose和who’s虽然发音一样,但在句子中的功能却大不相同。前者表示“谁的”,作定语用,后者表示“是谁”,是系表结构。(有时who’s也可作主谓结构)。如: Whosebookisthis? Who’sthatgirloverthere? Who’stalkinginthenextroom? 2.这条裤子是我的。 误:Thistrouserismine. 正:Thispairoftrousersismine.&Thetrousersaremine. 析:某物如果是由两个对称的部分组成的,该物应用复数形式。如shoes,glasses,compasses(圆规)等。如果表示“一条……,一双……,一副……”等时,往往用a(this,that)pairof+该物。这一结构作主语时谓语动词用单数。如果前面与物主代词或名词所有格连用作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如: Thatpairofglassesishers. Myshoesareblack. 3.请把你的自行车借给我。 误:Pleaseborrowyourbiketome., 正:Pleaselendyourbiketome.&Pleaselendmeyourbike. 析:lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.意为“把某物借给某人”,即从物主那儿借出去。borrowsth.fromsb.意为“从某人那儿借来某物”。五.强化训练I.单词拼写A)按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。1.family(复数)___________    2.my(名词性物主代词)__________3.swim(现在分词)__________   4.meet(同音词)___________5.short(反义词)___________    6.study(第三人称单数)________7.friend(形容词)______________  8.question(同义词)___________9.they(宾格)_____________     10.boys(所有格形式)____________B)根据句意及首字母提示,补全单词11.Thebottleise______.Iwantafullone.12.Intheclassroomtherearemanypicturesonthet______desk.13.—MayIborrowyourdictionary?  —Ofc______.Hereyouare.14.Helikest______bytrain,becauseit’scheapandsafe.15.Tomisatthedooroftheclassroom.Butitisl_______.Hecan’topenit.,C)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16.LiNingcanspeak________(English).17.Therearethree_______(knife)onthetable.18.We’redoing______(we)homeworkathome.19.Theschoolgateis_______(close)now.20.Youcaneat_______(difference)kindsoffoodinthatrestaurant.II.选择填空21.____girlhas______apple._____appleisbigandred.  A.An,an,The   B.The,an,The  C.A,a,An  D.The,an,An22.Theseare______cups._______areoverthere.   A.our,Yours  B.yours,Mine   C.his,Our  D.Their,Your23.—Ioftengotoschool_____.Whataboutyou? —Ioften_____toschool.   A.bybus,rideabike    B.byabus,rideabike   C.byabus,byabike    D.bybus,ridebike24.ThisisLucy’spen.Please________.   A.givehertoit    B.giveherit   C.giveittoher    D.giveither25.—______that? —Ithink_______HanMei. A.Who’s,it’s  B.Whose,its C.Who’s,its  D.Whose,it’s,26.Ihavetwopens.Oneisblue,____isblack.   A.other   B.others   C.theother   D.another27.—YourEnglishisverygood.  —______.   A.Yes,you’reright   B.Thankyou   C.That’sright       D.No,it’snotgood28.Yourcoatishere.Please________.   A.putonthem  B.putthemon   C.putonit   D.putiton29.—_____doyoulikeaboutBeijing? —Thepeople,andthefood.A.How   B.Where    C.Which   D.What30._____she______acomputer?   A.Is,have   B.Is,has  C.Does,has  D.Does,have31.Let’sgoand_______.  A.playfootball   B.playthefootball  C.playafootball   D.toplayfootball32.—Nicetomeetyou.    —________.  A.Nicetoseeyou.      B.Hello,howareyou?  C.Nicetomeetyou,too. D.Thankyouverymuch.33.—What’swrong________yourbike? —It’sbroken.A.with  B.on   C.for   D.about,34.It’sseveno’clock.Kate______suppernow.   A.have  B.has  C.arehaving   D.ishaving35.—Whoisthewomaninthecar?  —Sheis______mother.A.Kate’sandMary’s      B.KateandMary’sC.KateandMary         D.Kate’sandMary36.Youlike_________basketball.Wouldyoulike_______anewone?A.play,buying   B.toplay,buyC.toplay,buyingD.playing,tobuy37.—____?—I’dlikeapairofshoes.Pleaseshowmethewhitepair.   A.CanIhelpyou     B.Whatdoyoudo    C.Whatareyoudoing D.Willyoupleasehelpme38.Verynice_______toyou.   A.talk  B.talking   C.talks   D.totalk39.Whatdoeshe______atthemeeting?   A.say  B.tell   C.talk   D.speak40.—______?—It’sfiveo’clock.   A.Whatdayisit,please    B.What’sthename,please   C.What’sthetime,please   D.What’sthis,pleaseIII.动词应用,41.Myfather_____(get)upat5:30everymorning.42.It’stime______(have)classes.Let’sgo.43._______(notbe)lateforschoolagain.44.Wouldyoulikesomething________(eat)?45.Icanhelpyou________(carry)theheavybox.46.Look!They_____(play)gamesoverthere.47.—What______WangFang_____(do)? —Sheisateacher.48.Whatabout_______(watch)TVnow?49.There_______(be)anEnglishbookandtwoChinesebooksonthedesk.50.Howlong_________it________(take)youtogettoyourhome?IV.句型转换。51.Shedoesherhomeworkintheevening.(改为一般疑问句)  _________she________herhomeworkintheevening?52.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.(改为否定句)  There_____________milkinthebottle.53.Dotheyworkinafactory?(改为现在进行时)  _______they______inafactory?54.Sheoftengoestoschoolbybike.(对划线部分提问)  _______________sheoftengotoschool?,55.Youcan’ttakeoffyourcoat.(改为祈使句)  ______________yourcoatoff.56.What’syourfather,Lucy?(改为同义句)  What______yourfather______,Lucy?57.Thegirlbehindthehouseismysister.(对划线部分提问)_______________thegirlbehindthehouse?58.I’dlikeanapple.(用anorange改为选择疑问句)  _______youlikeanapple_____anorange?59.Therearesometreesneartheschool.(对划线部分提问)  ___________neartheschool?60.Whydon’tyougetupatsixinthemorning?(改为同义句)  ________________getupatsixinthemorning?V.补全对话A:Whatareyoudoing?B:I’mlookingformypen.ButI__61__findit.A:Youcanborrowmine.B:Thanksalot.ButImust____62____oneintheshop.A:_____63__shop?B:Theoneoverthere.Couldyougowith____64____?,A:Certainly.B:____65___canIdoforyou?A:Iwantapen,please.B:OK.____66_____you____67_____.A:Thankyou.____68_______69____isit?B:It’sfouryuan.Isthat___70____?A:Yes.Thankyou.Good-bye!B:Bye.VI.完形填空。  MikeandJackaremonks(和尚).Mikeisshortandfat.Jackistallandthin.They___71___brothersbuttheylive____72___sameroom.Everymorningtheygoout___73____food.  Oneday,theygooutforfoodvery___74__.Theyareonaroadtoavillage.Therearen’tanymenontheroad.Theyarewalking__75___.Suddenly(突然)theystop.Thereisacomb(梳子)ontheroad___76___them.Bothofthemarerunninguptoit.“Ifinditfirst.It’s___77___comb,”oneofthemissaying.  “No,Ifinditbeforeyou,”____78__issaying.“It’snotyours.” MikeandJackaresitting____79___theroad.Theyarequarreling(争吵)aboutthecomb.Morningisupandthencomestheafternoon.They’restillquarreling. Alittleboycomesuptothemandsays,“You’remonks.Monkshavenohair.What’stheuseofthecomb___80___you?”71.A.don’thave  B.aregoingtohave  C.havenot  D.aren’t72.A.in  B.inthe   C.the    D.on,73.A.to  B.with    C.in     D.for74.A.earlyB.earlier  C.earliest D.theearliest75.A.to  B.along   C.on    D.out76.A.near B.after    C.behind D.infrontof77.A.you  B.mine   C.my    D.yours78.A.other B.theother  C.others  D.another79.A.in   B.on     C.at     D.with80.A.for   B.about   C.on    D.with 强化训练答案:I.1.families2.mine 3.swimming 4.meat 5.tall/long  6.studies  7.friendly 8.problem  9.them  10.boys’  11.empty  12.teacher’s  13.course  14.traveling 15.locked  16.English  17.knives  18.our  19.closed  20.differentII.21—25BAACA 26—30CBDDD 31—35ACADB 36—40DABACIII.41.gets  42.tohave  43.Don’tbe  44.toeat  45.carry/tocarry  46.areplaying47.does,do  48.watching  49.is  50.does,take  IV.51.Does,do  52.isn’tany/isno  53.Are,working  54.Howdoes  55.Don’ttake  56.does,do  57.Whois  58.Would,or  59.Whatis  60.Whynot  ,V.61.can’t  62.buy  63.Which  64.me  65.What  66.Here  67.are  68.How  69.much  70.allVI.71—75DBDAC 76—80DCBBAJUNIORBOOKII(上)一.知识网络【重点内容概要】1.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法以及比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化。2.理解和运用一般讲来时begoingto的用法。3.提建议的表达方法及答语。4.表示需要和询问对方和向对方提出建议。5.一般过去时及其一般疑问句的回答。6.反义疑问句。7.介词in,on,at的用法。8.Therebe结构的一般过去时态。,9.一般讲来时will的用法。10.感叹句。11.邀请和应答;打电话;谈论天气、季节;请求许可。【句型、词组精讲】1.MayIhaveapieceofpaper,please?请问,能给我一张纸吗?MayI…?是表示请求对方许可的句型,多用于较正式的场合。这个句型的肯定回答:(1)Yes,please(2)Certainly.(3)Ofcourse.(4)Sure.(5)That’sOK/allright.(6)Yes,youmay/can.等。否定回答是:(1)No,youcant.(2)Certainlynot.(3)Ofcoursenot.也可婉转地回答:I’msorry,but…或:I’mafraidnot.如:—MayIborrowyourbike,please?我可以借你的自行车吗?—Certainly!Hereyouare.(Sorry.I’musingit.)当然可以!给你。(对不起,我正用着。)2.Don’tyouusuallycometoschoolbybike?,难道你通常不是骑自行车上学吗?这是否定疑问句,常用来表示责怪、惊奇、建议等,可译成“难道不……吗?”回答时若事实是肯定的用Yes(不),若事实是否定的则用No(是),注意不要受汉语的干扰。如:—Aren’tyouastudent?难道你不是个学生吗?—Yes,Iam..(No,I’mnot.)不,我是。(是的,我不是。)3.Andtheairtodayisniceandclean.今天的空气很清新。Niceand在英语中是个固定结构,意为“很”、“十分”,相当于very或quite,其后接形容词或副词,用于加强语气。如:Thechildisniceandstrong.这孩子很强壮。4.few/afew/little/alittlefew,afew用于代替或修饰可数名词;little,alittle用于代替或修饰不可数名词。afew和alittle的意思是肯定的,表示“一些;有一点儿”;few和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少、几乎没有”。5.Whynot?为什么不呢?,“Whynot+动词原形?”虽然形式上是否定的,但它所表达的含义是肯定的,常用来表示一种建议,语气比较委婉、客气。此句型可看作是“Whydon’tyou…?”的省略式。如:Whynothaveaswimnow?(=Whydon’tyouhaveaswimnow?)为什么现在不游泳呢?6.It’stimeforclass.该上课了。“It’stimefor…”和“It’stimeto…”这两个句型都表示“该……了”或“是……的时候了”。for后接名词、代词或动词的ing形式,to后接动词。如:It’stimefor(tohave)lunch.该吃午饭了.7.Whataboutaquarterpasttwo?两点一刻怎么样?Whatabout……?(=Howabout……?)意为“(你认为)……怎么样?“常用于征求意见、询问情况或提出建议。后接名词、代词或动名词。8.Shallwegotothepark?我们去公园去吗?ShallI(we)……?表示建议征求对方意见,意为“我(们)……好吗?肯定回答多用:(1)Goodidea.(2)Allright.(3)OK.(4)Yes,please.等。,否定回答多用:(1)No,thanks.(2)No,pleasedon’t.(3)No,Idon’tthink……等。如:—ShallIopenthewindow?我打开窗户好吗?—No,thanks.(Allright.)不用,谢谢。(好吧。)9.Let’smakeitalittleearlier.让我们早一点吧!(1)Let’s……是提建议的一种句式,意思是“让我们……”,Let’s后接动词原形。肯定回答用Ok!或Allright!等;否定回答则用No,let’s…….(2)Makeit是习惯用语,it在这里表示“规定时间”。如:Let’smakeithalfpastsix.让我们定在六点半吧。10.infrontof/inthefrontofinfrontof意为“在(物体之外的)前边”,而inthefrontof意为“在(物体本身的)前部。“表示“在某人前面”要用infrontofsb.11.Theymustkeeptheirhandsbehindtheirbacks.Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyes,closed.他们必须把手一直放在背后。班上的其它学生一直闭着眼睛。“keep+宾语+宾补”意为“使…保持某种状态”。其形式有:(1)keep+宾补+形容词;(2)keep+宾语+动词ing形式;(3)keep+宾语+介词短语;(4)keep+宾语+副词。如:Hekeptmewaitingforanhour.他让我等了一个小时。12.Theerasergoesfromonestudenttoanother—firstoneway,thenanother.橡皮从一个学生手里传到另一个学生手里——先从这边传过去,然后再从那边传过来。(1)from…to…从……到:……,通常与基数词或表示时间、地点的名词以及抽象名词连用。TheygotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.他们从这星期一到星期五去上学。(2)one…another…一个……另一个……,一个……又一个(总数是三个以上),(3)first……then……先……后……13.find/findout/lookforfind通常指发现、找到有形的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况;findout意为“找到”、“查出”,多指通过探索、观察而发现,通常带有“经过困难曲折的涵义”;lookfor则指“寻找”的过程。14.You’dbetteraskthatpolicemanoverthere.你最好问问那边的那个警察。hadbetter为习惯用语,相当于一个情态动词。hadbetter意为“最好”,后接动词原形,指现在或将来,用于向对方提出建议或劝告。其否定形式为hadbetternot+动词原形。如:You’dbetternotstaytheretoolong.你最好别在那里逗留太久。15.WeliveinaplacecalledGumTree.我们住在一个叫桉树镇的地方。aplacecalled…=aplacenamed…=aplacewiththename…,名叫……的地方,called是过去分词,给前面的名词作定语。如:aboycalledTom一个名叫汤姆的男孩。16.Ihopehe’sbettertomorrow.我希望他明天会好些。hope是及物动词,意为“希望”,其后可接动词不定式或宾语从句。如:Hehopetogoshoppingwithus.他希望和我们一起去买东西。表示“希望某人做某事”不可用hopesb.todosth.而要用hope+(that)从句。如:我希望你来。误:Ihopeyoutocome.正:Ihope(that)youwillcome.17.IswatchingTVtoomuchgoodorbadforyourhealth?过多的看电视对你的身体有害还是有益呢?(1)begood(bad)for表示“对……有好(害)处”;begood(bad)to表示“等……好(不好)”;begoodat意为“擅长……”,“在……方面做得很好”,相当于dowellin。如:She’sverygoodtous.她等我们很好。,Someareverygoodatboating.有些人擅长划船。(2)toomuch表示“过多”、“太多”,在句中可作宾、定、表或状语;而muchtoo表示“太”、“过分”,修饰形容词或副词,作状语。如:Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的身体有害。Thisquestionusmuchtoodifficult.这个问题太难了。18.howlong/howoftenhowlong意为“多久”、“多长”,用于提问时间或距离的长短。如:Howlongwereyouawaylastyear?去年你缺席多长时间?HowlongistheGreatWall?长城有多长?howoften意为“每隔多久,每隔多长时间”。回答表示程度的频度副词有sometimes,always,usually,never等或onceaweek,threetimesamonth等。如:Howoftendoyougotoseeyourmother?你每隔多长时间去看你的母亲?,此外,howfar意为“多远”(对距离提问);howold“多大”(对年龄提问);howmany“多少”(对不可数名词数量提问)。19.What’swrongwithsb/sth.?用于询问某人或某物“怎么了?”或“某物出了什么毛病?”。如:What’swrongwithyourwatch?你的手表出了什么毛病?20.Butweneedsomemore.但我们还需要再准备些。more表示“另外的、更多的、附加的”之意,可起代词或形容词作用。其前还可以再加some,alittle,much,many,afew等修饰语。如:Wouldyoulikealittlemoretea?你要不要再喝点茶?当more前有数词时,more和another可进行改写。如:Iwrotetwomoreletterstoher.我又给她写了两封信。(Iwroteanothertwoletterstoher.)【语法精讲】   一般过去时,一、一般过去时的形式1.动词be的一般过去时态的形式有两种,即was,were。was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于第一、三人称复数和第二人称单、复数。Youwereweweretheywere2.行为动词一般过去时态的形式:动词的过去式,没有人称和数的变化。二、一般过去时的用法1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态,即“一次性的过去动作”。如:TheyenjoyedthemselveslastSunday.他们上周日玩得很高兴。Iwasbusyyesterday.昨天我很忙。2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如:Weoftenwalkedintheeveningwhenwelivedinthecountrylastsummer.去年夏天我们住在农村,傍晚常出去散步。三、一般过去时的时间状语1.由副词yesterday或由yesterday开头构成的短语:yesterday,morning/afternoon等。如:Wheredidyougoyesterday?昨天你去哪儿了?2.由“last+表时间的名词”构成的短语:lastweek,lastyear等。如:Ireceivedtwolettersfrommyhomelastmonth.上个月我收到两封家信。3.由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:amomentago,anhourago等。如:Theylefttwohoursago.他们两小时以前离开了。4.由“介词+时间名词”构成的短语:in1998,onMonday,onApril12等。如:Napoleondidin1821.拿破仑死于1821年。5.其它词或词组:then,justnow等。如:ThescientistslivedinChinathen.当时这些科学家住在中国。             将来时表示法一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示“将来”的句式很多,常用的句式及用法归纳如下:一、begoingto+动词原形(专题与will的区别)1.这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。如:MybrotherisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.,我哥哥准备明年学英语。IamgoingtomeetTomatthestationatsix.我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。2.这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。如:Lookattheseblackclouds——itisgoingtorain.看这些乌云——要下雨了。I’mafraidI’mgoingtohaveabadcold.恐怕我要得重感冒了。注意:1.如果begoingto后接的是形容词或副词(there)时,其后应加上be,然后再接形容词或副词。如:I’mgoingtobebusythisSunday.这个星期天我很忙2.therebe句型也可用于这种句型中,但there不能和have连用。如:ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishfilmthisevening.今天晚上有一场英文电影。二、shall/will+动词原形。在书面语中,第一人称常用shall,但在口语中,所有人称都可用will.,1.will/shall均可表示单纯的将来。如:Theradiosaysitwillbecloudytomorrow.收音机报道明天多云。2.表示预料中将要发生的动作或情况。如:You’llfeelbetterafterhavingthismedicine. 吃了这药,你就会感到好些的。3.will表示人的主观意愿,它带有浓厚的感情色彩。如:Comeearliertomorrow,orIwon’tletyouin.明天早点儿来,否则我不让你进来。4.在问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时,常用will。如:Willyougotoseeafilmwithus?你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?5.shall表示建议或征求对方的意见。如:Shallwegoateight?我们八点去好吗?6.表示不以人们的意志为转移的规律。如:Heisfourteenthisyear,andhewillbefifteennextyear.他今年十四岁,明年十五岁。三、come,go,leave,fly,begin,arrive等表示位置转移的动词用现在时行时表示将来的动作。如:Mr.LisaysheisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.,李先生说他明天将去北京。Thesportsmeetingisbeginningatthreethisafternoon.运动会将于今天下午三点开始。四、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:Ifitdoesn’train,theywillclimbahilltomorrow.如果明天不下雨,他们将去爬山。I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivehome.我一到家就给你写信。      五、come,go,start,leave等动词的一般现在时也可以表示将来,它是用来根据规定或时刻表示一定会发生的动作或状态。与现在进行时态一样,一般现在时主要用于往返动作。如:Thetrainleavesattwoo’clockp.m.火车下午两点钟开。       ThenewtermstartsatthebeginningofSeptember.新学期将于九月初开始。注:表示往返和位置转移动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示按计划安排将要发生的事,但一般现在时表示“不可改变或不可随便更改的事件或计划”,所以常用于时刻表;而现在进行时表示将来“按计划安排的事可能会改变”。,六、用“情态动词+动词原形”也可表示将来。这种形式一般用于比较明显的表示将来的时间状语的句子中。如:Youmustgetupearlytomorrow.你明天必须得早起。七、用“hasbetter+动词原形”也可以表示将来。如:You’dbettergotoseeyoursisternextweek.下周你最好去看看你妹妹。使用比较等级应注意的事项1.注意错用比较等级的构成。1)他比我走得慢。误:HewalksslowlierthanI.正:HewalksmoreslowlythanI.有些双音节形容词(副词),可在词尾加-r(-er),-st(-est)构成比较级和最高级。如:happy,dirty,clever等。但以“ly”结尾的副词,除了early外多在其前加more,most构成比较级和最高级。2)游泳是我最喜爱的运动。误:Swimmingismymostfavourite.正:Swimmingismyfavouritesport.有些形容词,本身表示的程度就已达到“极限”,,或者无法再比较,所以没有比较等级形式。再如:full,empty,whole,afraid,round,living,dead等。2.注意比较对象前后的一致。比较级中,比较的双方必须是同一类的人或事物,非同类的事物是不能进行比较的。如:我的自行车比你的自行车便宜。误:Mybikeischeaperthanyou.正:Mybikeischeaperthanyours在比较级中,比较的双方虽属同类,但相比较的事物为了避免重复,than后面的比较对象常用that,one,those或ones代替前面出现的比较对象。如:北京的冬天比上海冷。误:Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingiscolderthanitofShanghai.正:Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.3.注意比较范围中的“包括”与“不包括”。,在同一范围内比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的对象之外。如:吉姆比班里的其他任何学生都高。误:Jimistallerthananystudentsinhisclass.正:Jimistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.4.注意比较级、最高级前定冠词the的使用。    形容词比较级前一般不用定冠词,但句中若有“ofthetwo”结构,表示两者“较……的一个”时,要加定冠词the。如:Heisthetallerofthetwo.他是两人中个子较高的一位。5.注意比较等级前修饰词的使用。                比较级前不可用very,quite,too等词来修饰,但可以用表示比较程度的much,alittle,abit,even,still等副词来修饰。如:Thisbookismuchthickerthanthatone.这本书比那本书厚得多。Yesterdaywasalittlecolderthantoday.昨天比今天有点冷。另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。如:I’mthreeyearsotherthanhe.我比他大三岁。,二.考试热点1.一般将来时begoingto的用法,通过对话询问对方的计划、打算,并提出各种建议,学会提建议的表达方法。2.形容词的比较级和最高级以及它们之间的句型转换,能修饰比较级的词。3.在交际运用中考查表计划、打算、询问及建议的用法。4.一般过去时。5.各种情况的翻译疑问句。6.邀请、请求许可、打电话及写电话留言和谈论天气。主要考查题型:选择填空,句型转换题,口语运用题,书面表达题。三.重、难点突破1.比较级用于两者间的比较;有比较连词’than则要用比较级。在运用比较级时应注意以下几方面:1)alittle,abit,much,even,still可以修饰比较级;以加强语气,而very不能修饰比较级。2)进行比较时,要注意比较的对象、比较的范围是否一致。   ,2.最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,一般有in...或of...,among...之类的词。形容词最高级前应带the,而副词最高级前的the可省略。3.最高级和比较级常进行转换。最常见的转换句式是:最高级转为比较级,即“...thananyother..."结构。4.提建议的常用句式:  (1)用“Shallwe/I...?”句型。其意思是“…...好吗?”主要用于提出某种建议或征求对方意见,多用于第一人称。常用Goodidea回答。(2)用"Let’s+动词原形”句型。在表示“建议”时包括对方在内,意为‘‘咱们......吧!”有时还可以在句尾加上"Shallwe?”通常用OK回答。(3)用“Whynot+动词原形”句型。意为“为什么不......?"它常用Allright回答。(4)用“hadbetter+动词原形”句型。其意是“最好......”,表建议或劝告。(5)用“How/Whatabout+doing/名词”句型。5.一般过去时是非常重要的一个时态,在书面表达中,使用很广。一般过去时的运用要掌握其构成和常用时间状语。它的构成可分为两种情况:,1)主语+谓语be(was/were)+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为:主语+wasnot/werenot+其他。Was/Were+主语+其他?2)主语+行为动词/连系动词的过去式+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为:主语+didnot(didn’t)+谓语动词的原形+其他,Did+主语+谓语动词的原形+其他?此处关键是谓语动词要用原形。   动词变过去式,有规则动词和不规则动词之分,需要区分牢记。   常见的过去时间状语有:yesterday,last+时间名词,时间段+ago等。6.关于begoingto与will。   这两者都表示将来,begoingto常用来表示打算,计划、决定要做的事情或根据某些现象或征兆预测即将发生的事。在表示意图或即将发生某事时可与will互用,但下列情况常用will或shall而不用begoingto。1)表带意愿色彩的将采。2)问对方是否愿意,或表示客气的邀请或命令。3)表示建议或征求意见。,7.反意疑问句。反意疑问句是在陈述句后面加上一个简短的附加问句。其用法如下:1)若前面的陈述句是肯定式,后面的附加问句用否定形式,反之,要用肯定式。简言之,前肯,后否:前否,后肯;前名(词)后代(相应代词);前代后代,时态一致。若陈述部分为therebe句型,其后部分要用there。2)当反意疑问句的陈述部分含有few,littleno,never,hardly等词时,附加部分要用肯定式。   3)对于反意疑问句的回答,要根据实际情况回答,若事实是肯定的,要用yes,事实是否定的,要用no,在译成汉语时要注意。如:Thereisnowateronthemoon,isthere?月亮上没有水,是吗?No,thereisn’t.是的,没有。(注:月亮上没有水是事实,故不能回答为Yes,thereis.)4)祈使句的反意疑问句除Let’s...,shallwe?外,其余的附加问句均为will、you。   8.感叹句,感叹句根据感叹部分可分为两种类型:1)How+形容词+主语+be!或How+副词+主语+动词!   2)Whata/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主+谓!或What+,形容词+复数名词(或不可数名词)+主+谓!   9.交际用语项目1)CouldIspeakto...,please?是打电话常用语,若接电话的是所找之人时,用Thisis...speaking或to..speaking或Speaking。若接电话不是本人时,可以说Sorry,he/sheisout。或Holdonamoment,please。/Onemoment,please。2)Isthat...?或Isthat...speaking?是在电话上询问对方是谁。3)Wouldyouliketo...?是邀请别人。同意即以Idliketo回答。若不能应允,则可以用Idliketo,but...婉拒。4)在表示对别人答谢时,常用如下的答谢语:   ①That’sallright.②That’sOK.③It’sapleasure.④Withpleasure。⑤It’smypleasure.⑥Notatall.⑦YoureWelcome四.典型例题【例1】Thereisgoingto______asportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.A.be    B.have   C.open   D.hold,分析此题考查学生句子中的词语搭配。“举行运动会”为holdasportsmeeting,但句中有“there”一词,决定要用therebe句型,表示“某时有……”,虽然have也有“有”的含义,但它是“(某人/某物)有”故本题答案为A。【例2】Ofalltheshoesinyourshop,isthispair______one?A.verygood  B.muchbetter  C.acheaper  D.thecheapest分析 此题考查学生形容词比较等级的用法。因为句中有“Ofalltheshoes”这个表示最高级的范围的短语,所以答案应选D。【例3】选出与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。1)—Shallwemeetateight?—Letsmakeitaquarterearlier,   A.tenminutes    B.fifteenminutes   C.halfanhour    D.anhour2)He’sgoingtoLondonbyair.    A.byplane  B.byship  C.bycar  D.bytrain,   分析 此题考查学生对英语词汇的理解。aquarter“一刻”就是十五分钟fifteenminutes。byair就是乘飞机byplane,所以两题答案为B和A。 【例4】______Iopenthewindow?Itssowarmhere.A.Must  B.Will  C.Shall  D.Would分析 此题考查学生对助动词、情态动词的理解。will,shall,would都有征求对方意见之意,语气都很委婉、客气,但它们接的人称代词不同。will,would常接第二人称you,shall接第一人称I和we。故此题答案选C。【例5】Hedoesn’tknow_____Englishbecausehehasstudieditforonly______weeks.A.much,afew  B.little,few  C.few,alittle  D.afew,alittle分析 此题考查学生对little/alittle,few/afew的理解。alittle/little修饰不可数名词,afew/few修饰可数名词。而alittle,afew表示“有点,少数几个”,在句中有肯定含义;little/few表示“少数”,“几乎没有”在句中有否定含义。此题中English是不可数名词,weeks是可数名词,所以答案为A。,【例6】改写句子。Wehaveaclassmeetingonceaweek.______________doyouhaveaclassmeeting?分析 此题考查学生对疑问词的正确理解和运用。onceaweek“一周一次”,表示动作的频率次数,而howoften正是针对动作的频率、次数提问的疑问词,故该两空格填Howoften。【例7】Petercollectedsomeoldcoinstwoyearsago.(改为否定句)Peter______collect______oldcoinstwoyearsago.分析 此题考查学生对一般过去时句型的转换。一般过去时的句子在改一般疑问句和否定句时要借助动词did,而且句中的some在否定句中要改为any,所以两空应填出didn’t,any。【例8】Eatingmorevegetableswillkeepyou______.A.health   B.fat   C.weak   D.healthy分析 此题考查学生对语句的理解及keep一词的用法。“多吃青菜”不会使人“胖”或“体弱”,故B、C两答案不能填。而keep是“使……处于某种状态”。keepsth.,+形容词。A答案health是名词,不能选,所以只有healthy(形容词、健康的)才行。【例9】Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday. (改为一般疑问句)______you______eyeexerciseseveryday?分析 此题考查学生do作实义动词、助动词的用法。句中doeyeexercises中的do是实义动词“做”之意。将此句改为一般疑问句要借助助动词do,而实义动词do也不能少,所以两格应填Do,do。【例10】Bruce,Lookatyourdirtyshoes.Youdbetter______themrightnow. A.washed  B.washing  C.wash   D.towash分析 此题考查学生对You’dbetter习惯用语中的用法。You’dbetter意思是“你最好……”后面接动词原形。故此题答案选C。【例11】(广州市,2003)Nowtheairinourhometownis      thanitwasbefore。Somethingmustbedone.   A.muchbetter   B.moreworse   C.morebetter   D。muchworse思路分析 此题考查形容词比较级的用法,由more不能修饰比较级可以排除B、C,由"Somethingmustbe,done"(必须采取措施)知,情况不好,故选D。解后反思 能修饰比较级的常见词有:much,alittle,abit,even,still,any等。【例12】(南宁市,2003)Doyouthink   anAmericanfilmtomorrow?A.isthere   B.theresgoingtobe   C.willtherebe   D.theresgoingtohave思路分析 此题考查therebe句型的用法及宾语从句的语序。故A、C可以排除。而therebe句型的将来时结构应是therewillbe或thereis(are)goingtobe...所以本题正确答案为B。解后反思 在therebe句型中不能出现have的各种形式。【例13】—      isitfromourschooltoLupuBridge?——Abouthalfanhoursbusride。 Shallwegoandvisitit?A.Howlong   B.Howoften   CHowfar   D.Howmuch思路分析 本题考查疑问词的用法。howlong指时间长短,如twodays;howoften问频率,如threetimesaday;howmuch问(不可数)多少;而howfar问距离,而本题halfanhour’sbus,ride指的是距离,故选C。【例14】(桂林市,2003)Couldyoutellmeifthereisaflighttothecapital    ——March,25th?   A.in   B.on   C.at   D.of思路分析 此题考查介词与时间搭配的用法。in不与具体日期连用,但它:可以与时间段、季节、年连用;at与时间点连用,of不与时间连用,而on与具体日期连用,故选B解后反思 on与时间的连用,有如下几种情况:1)on月+日/on+日期2)on+星期/on星期+morning/afternoon/evening 3)Ona+修饰词+morning/afternoon/evening/day 4)onthemorning/afternoon/eveningof月、日。【例15】(桂林市,2003)      he    atthisschoollastterm?    ——Yes,Ithinkso,A.Did,study   B。Does,study C.Was,study D.,Did,studied思路分析 此题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句的用法。由lastterm知B可以排除,而study是行为动词,其疑问句要借助助动词did且助动词后的谓语动词要用动词原形,故选A。【例16】HehasnevervisitedtheGreatHallofthePeople,     ?A.hasn’the   B。hashe   C.doeshe   D.doesn’the思路分析 此题考查反意疑问句,由前后时态要一致的原则,选项D、C可排除,又never意为“从不’’,故选B。 解后反思 弄清反意疑问句的特点是解题关键。五.强化训练及答案(BookIIUnits1-14)I.词汇A)根据句意或汉语提示完成句子。1._____isthesecondmonthofayear.2.Herfatherworkina______.(医院)3.Doyou______histelephonenumber?(记得),4.Thetwinssitinthe_______row.(前面的).5.Therearesixty_______inanhour.B)用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。6.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom______.(quick)7.Decemberisthe_______monthofayear.(twelve)8.Areyougoodat_______basketball?(play)9.Theyallgotoschoolon_____.(foot)10.Thefarmersarebusy_______onthefarm.(work)C)根据划线部分的意思,选出与其意思相同或相近的选项。11.SheisthestudentcalledMary.A.withaname  B.withthename  C.hasthename   D.withname12.Thissweaterlooksnice.Iwanttotakeit.A.sell   B.borrow   C.use   D.buy13.They’dliketostayhereforafewdays.A.alittle  B.many  C.some  D.alotof,14.What’swrongwithyourTVset.A.thematter  B.trouble  C.worst  D.thebadthing15.Longlongago,therelivedapooroldmaninthevillage.A.had  B.took  C.stood  D.wasII.单项选择16.Doesyoursisterenjoy______themusic? A.listening B.tolisten  C.listeningto D.tolistento17.Reading_____thesunisbad____eyes.  A.under,to  B.under,for  C.in,to  D.in,for18.Pleasegiveme_____.  A.twopieceofredpaper.  B.twopieceofredpapers,  C.twopiecesofredpaper  D.twopieceofredpapers19.There’s___teainthecup,isthere?  A.afew  B.alittle  C.few   D.little20.Whynot_____outsidethezoo?  A.meet   B.tomeet  C.meeting  D.met21.Mr.Johnson_____Tokyoyesterdaymorning.  A.get  B.arrived  C.reached   D.reachedin22.Doyouknowtheway_____thepostoffice?  A.of  B.to  C.for  D.with23.She____anewwatch.  A.needstobuy  B.needsbuying  C.needbuying  D.needtobuy24.—Don’ttheycomebybike?—_____.A.Yes,theydon’t   B.No,theydo  C.Yes,theyare.  D.No,theydon’t.,25.______deliciousfoodtheyare!  A.Howa  B.Whata   C.How  D.What26.Chongqingisbiggerthan____inChina. A.allthecities  B.anycities  C.anyothercity  D.anycity27.Herbrotheris_____thanshe.  A.morestronger B.muchstronger  C.muchstrong  D.verystronger28.She’scomingback____twoday.  A.after  B.in  C.later  D.behind29.—WhendidyoucometoLinfen?  —______. A.Fortwoweeks.   B.Intwoweeks. C.Twoweekslater.  D.Twoweeksago.30.______areyougoingtothezoo,bybikeorbybus?  A.How B.Why  C.What  D.WhichwayIII.补全对话,选择正确的答案补全对话A:Excuseme,sir.B:Yes?___31____A:___32___methewaytotherailwaystation?B:Well,godowntotheendofthisstreetandthenturnleft.___33___A:Isitfarfromhere?B:Ithinkso.A:CanItakeabus?B:Yes,___34___A:Oh,yes.Thanksalot.B:___35___31.A.Whatdoyouwanttodo?  B.Letmehelpyou.C.WhatcanIdoforyou?  D.Whatcanyoudoforme?32.A.Canyoucall  B.Canyousay  C.Doyouhelp  D.Canyoutell,33.A.Therailwaystationisnew.  B.Therailwaystationisonyouright.  C.Therailwaystationisfar.   D.Therailwaystationisbeautiful.34.A.there’sabusstopoverthere.  B.there’sapolicemanoverthere.  C.there’remanypeopleoverthere.  D.there’sarailwaystationoverthere.35.A.Allright.  B.Fine,thankyou. C.That’sall.  D.You’rewelcome.IV.句型转换,每空一词。A)完成句子,使上下两句意思一致。36.Shewenthomeonfootyesterday.She_____________yesterday.37.Ilikethebusylife.  Iliketo_____________.,38.Whatisyourfavouritesport?  _____________isyourfavourite?39.SheoftenhelpsmewithEnglish.  Sheoftenhelpsme_________English.40.Therewasnorainlastweek.  It___________lastweek.B)按要求进行句式转换。41.Shehadsomebreadthismorning.(一般疑问句)  Didshe__________breadthismorning?42.Heputtheeggsinthebasket.(对划线部分提问)  ___________heputtheeggs?43.Hersisterisacarefulgirl.(改为感叹句)  ____________hersisteris!    44.Isthataphotooraknife?(变为复数形式)  Arethose____or______?,45.Hewritesalettertohisparentseverymonth.(改为现在进行时)  He____________alettertohisparentsnow.V.完成下列句子,每空一词。46.我刚做完作业。  I_____________myhomeworkjustnow.47.做眼保健操对眼睛有益。  ______eye_____isgoodforeyes.48.这个筐比那个筐重得多。Thisbasketis______________thanthatone.49.昨天晚上你没看电视吗?_______you_________TVlastnight?50.我想你吃得太多了。Ithinkyouareeating_____________.VI.完形填空。,通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从51-60各题后A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Smallcarsmaytaketheplaceof(代替)bigcarsinthefuture(将来).Thereis51foronlytwopeopleinsuchacar.Ifeveryone__52_suchacar,therewillbelesspollution(污染)_53__theair.Therewillalsobemorespacefor54carsincities,andthestreetswillbelesscrowded(拥挤).Thelittlecarswillcost_55_less.Drivingwillbe_56_,too,asthoselittlecarscangoonly65kilometresanhour.Ifbigcarsarestillusedalongwiththesmall_57,twokindsofroadswillbe_58inthefuture.Someroadswillbeused_59thebig,fastcars,and_60roadswillbeneededfortheslower,smallerones.51.A.seat  B.place   C.aroom   D.space52.A.pulls B.rides   C.drives    D.pushes53.A.at   B.in      C.for       D.on54.A.park B.parking  C.stop     D.stopping55.A.much B.many   C.more    D.lotsof,56.A.dangerousB.safe  C.safer    D.worse57.A.one   B.ones   C.seat     D.seats58.A.nees  B.needs  C.needing  D.needed59.A.for   B.by     C.in       D.as60.A.another B.others  C.other    D.theotherⅦ.阅读理解(10%) 根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。 Women’sfashions(时装)changemorequicklythanmen’s.Intheearly1990’s,allwomenworetheirskirtsdowntotheankle(脚踝).Today,someskirtsareevenlongerthanbefore,butsomeareveryshort.Women’sshoeshavealsogonethroughallsortsofchangesinthelastninety–fiveyears.Forexample,boots(靴)forwomenwereverycommonatthebeginningofthecentury.Thenforyears,theywerenotthoughtfashionable.Today,they’rebackagaininallcolours,lengths(长度)andmaterials(材料).Infact,today’swomencanwearallkindsofclothesonalmostanyoccasion(场合).Whileallofthesechangesweretakingplaceinwomen’sfashions,,men’sclothingremained(保持)almostthesameasitwasafewyearsago.And,infact,mostmenarestilldressedinthekindsoftheyusedtowear.61.Todaywomenliketowear_____skirts.A.long  B.shortC.neitherlongnorshort  D.bothlongandshort62.Bootsarethought_____now.A.uncommon           B.fashionableC.fitfor(适合)girls      D.unfashionable63.Whentoday’swomenattend(出席)theparty,theywear_______.A.anykindsofclothestheylikeB.longskirtsandshortbootsC.redlongboots  D.skirtsdowntotheankle64.Men’sfashions_______.A.changeaswomen’sfashionsdoB.havealsochangedC.arechangingfasttheseyears   D.remainunchanged,65.Thepassagetriedtotellus_____.A.women’sshoesarebackagaininallcolours,lengths,etcB.todaywomenaredressedinthekindsofclothestheyusedtowearC.women’sfashionsforclothes,shoesandsoonalwayschangeD.bootsforwomenhavebeenthoughtfashionablesince1900强化训练答案:I.1.February 2.hospital 3.remember  4.front 5.minutes 6.quickly 7.twelfth 8.playing  9.foot  10.working  11—15BDCADII.16—20CDCDA  21—25CBADD  26—30CBBDAIII.31—35CDBADIV.36.walkedhome37.keep/bebusy  38.Whatsport  39.tolearn 40.didn’train  41.haveany 42.Wheredid  43.Howcareful  44.photos,knives  45.iswriting,V.46.finisheddoing  47.Doing,exercises  48.muchheavier  49.Didn’t,watch  50.toomuchVI.51—55DCBBA  56—60CBDADVII.61—65DBADCJUNIORBOOKII(下)一.知识网络【重点内容概要】1.应答与邀请2.简单句的五种基本句型3.情态动词can,may,must的用法4.When,before,after等连词引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句5.Haveto的用法6.系动词7.不定式作宾语的用法8.不定代词的用法9.表示容量的词和食品名称连用,以说明食品的数量10.交际项目:1)问路和指路2)禁止和警告3)看病,11.理解并运用并列句12.形容词和副词的比较级,以及它们之间等级的转换13.冠词的用法14.过去进行时用法15.表示祝贺、祝愿、劝告和建议的交际用语,以及表示“确信”的基本句型常考题型:选择题、句型转换及用所给词的适当形式填空【句型、词组精讲】1.Couldyouaskhimtocallme,please? 请你让他给我回电话好吗? asksb.todosth.请某人做某事,asksb.nottodosth.请某人不要做某事。不定式在句中作宾语补足语。适用于该句型的动词还有want,tell,like,wouldlike,teach等。如:TheteacheraskedSamnottobelate.老师叫萨姆不要迟到。LiuYingtoldmetowaitforherathome.刘英让我在家里等她。Mr.ZhangoftenteacheshisJapanesefriendstocookChinesefood.张先生常常教他的日本朋友做中国菜。2.Buttherewerenotenoughpeopletopickthem.但是他们没有足够多的人来摘苹果。 enough在此是形容词,意为“足够的”,它修饰名词时,通常放在名词之前,有时放在名词之后。 enough作副词修饰形容词和副词时,放在它们的后面。如: Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这个男孩到了上学的年龄了。 Hedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchthebus.他跑的不够快,没有赶上公共汽车。,3.Theyneededtoclimbupthetreeswithladders.他们需要梯子来爬上树。 need在本句中为实义动词,其后可接不定式或名词。如: Heneedstoseeadoctor.他需要去看医生。 Weneedsomemorewater.Couldyougetsomeforus?我们还需要些水。你能为我们弄些吗? climbup意为“爬上”,up在此为介词。如: Don’tclimbupthehill.不要爬山。 with是“用,借助”的含义。如: Weseewithoureyesandhearwithourears.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。4.It’sbesttowearcoolclothes.最好穿凉快的衣服。 It’sbesttodosth.意为“最好去做某事”。这里的it为形式主语,真正的主语为todosth.如: It’sbesttogettherebefore8o’clock.最好八点钟以前赶到。5.Thefarmersareallbusygettingreadyforthenextyear.农民们正忙着为下一年做准备。  bebusydoingsth.“忙于做某事”。如:Thefarmersarebusypickingapples.(=Thefarmersarebusywiththeappleharvest.) getreadyfor“为……做准备”,类似的短语还有:getreadytodo“准备做……”;getsth.ready“把某事准备好”;…beready“……准备好了”。如:Imgettingreadyforthenewlesson.我正在为新课做准备。Getyourbooksready.准备好你们的书。Supperisready.晚饭准备好了。,6.“I’mhere!”saidJim.“AndsoisPolly!”“我在这!”吉姆说。“波利也来了!” “so+be(have,助动词)+主语”结构为倒装语序,表示前句所述的情况也适合于另一个人或事。如:  HecanspeakEnglish,socanI.他会讲英语,我也会。  —IwatchedtheTVprogrammelastnight.昨天晚上我看了那个电视节目。  —SodidI.我也看了。注意此结构中,前后两后的主语是两个人或物,后一句的时态必须和前一句保持一致,但人称和数则应与后句主语保持一致。比较:so+主语+be动词(助动词、情态动词),此结构常常就前面提到的事实予以确认或赞同,意为“的确如此”、“是呀”等。如:   —It’syourturn.轮到你了。     —Soitis.是的,轮到我了。7.I’mgoingtogetitback.我准备把它取回来。 get…back…为“动词+副词”类短语。代词作宾语时要放在动词与副词中间。类似的短语还有:pickup,ringup,findout,turnon(off,up,down)等。如: Theradioistoonoisy,pleaseturnitdown.收音机太吵闹,请把它(声音)调低些。 Ifyoudon’tknowthemeaningoftheword,pleaselookitupinadictionary.如果你不知道这个单词的含义,请在辞典里查一下。8.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth. 这是一个重要句型,意思是“某人花费一些时间做某事”,可根据需要用不同的时态。,如: Ittookmehalfanhourtogotoschoolbybikeyesterday.有时这个句型可以和spend句型转换。如上面这一句也可以说:Ispenthalfanhour(in)goingtoschoolbybikeyesterday.9.Itisnice+V-ing. 这个句型也可以说成Itisnicetodo.意思是“做……真好”。如:Itwasnicetalkingtoyou.(和你谈话真高兴。)It’sniceofyoutoaskmetoyourparty.(谢谢你请我参加你的晚会).10.There’ssomethingwrongwith…. 这个句型表示“……出了毛病了”。就等于Somethingiswrongwith….句型。如将something换为nothing,则表示“没出什么事儿”。如:There’ssomethingwrongwithmynose.There’snothingwrongwithher.11.Thereheis! 这是个倒装句型,把所强调部分there提到了句首。如果主语是代词则用There(Here)+代词+谓语;如果主语是名词,则用There(Here)+谓语+名词。如:HerecomesLiLei.(李雷来了)。Theregoesthebell.(铃声响了。)Hereitis.(它在这儿。)12.until                            与till同义,既可用作介词又可用作连词。它常用于以下两种句型:(1)用于肯定句时,意思是“直到……为止”,句子谓语一般用延续性动词(如stay,live,work,study等),表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。如: Helistenedtotheradiountilhisfathercameback.他听收音机,直到他父亲回来为止。, HewillbehereuntilSunday.他将在这儿一直呆到星期天。(2)用于否定句时,意思是“在……以前(before)”,“直到……才”,句子谓语一般是短暂动词(如come,die,leave等),它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。如: Ididn’tgotobeduntileleveno’clocklastnight.昨晚我直到十一点才睡觉。 Thestudentswillnotbeginthemeetinguntiltheirteachercomes.学生们等老师到了才开会。 until与till可换用,不过,口语中常用till,正式文体中常用until。13.interest,interested,interesting.  这三个词都与“兴趣”有关。interest作动词时,要求“人”作宾语。如:Thisnewinventionwillinterestyou.这项新发明会引起你的兴趣。它作名词时,所构成的词组是placeofinterest(名胜)。interested是过去分词表示人的感觉,现在常用作形容词,构成的句式是“be(become)interestedin”来表示主语“对……感兴趣”之意,要求主语是“人”。如:IaminterestedinEnglish.interesting是现在分词,表示事物具有能引起人们的某种感觉的能力。其意思是“有趣味的”,常用作形容词,可作定语和表语。其主语通常是事或物。如:interestinggamescanalwaysmakechildrenhappy.(有趣味的游戏总能使孩子们快乐。)Thestoryisinteresting.14.instead,insteadof  instead是副词,含“代替;更换”之意,可理解为insteadof的省略,避免不必要的重复,省略的部分是介词of及其宾语,常放在句末。如:Mr.Blackisill,soMissGreenistalkinghisclassinstead(ofhim).insteadof是个复合介词,它后面可接名词、代词、V-ing形式等。如:I’llgotobedinsteadofwatchingTV.我将睡觉,而不看电视。,【口语回顾】1.CouldIspeakto…,please? 电话术语,意为“我可以和……通话吗?找……接电话好吗?”句中Could还可替换为Can或May。如: —Hello,could(can/may)IspeaktoMr.Brown,please?你好,请布朗先生接电话好吗? —Yes,justaminute,please.当然,请稍等一下。2.I’mafraid. 委婉用语。用于礼貌地拒绝某人或对其发生或将要发生的不幸表示惋惜。意为“抱歉,对不起,恐怕”。如:Ican’tcometosupper,I’mafraid.恐怕我不能去吃晚饭了。—Canyougowithusnow?你现在能同我们一起去吗?—I’mafraidnot.对不起,我不能。—Arewelate?我们晚了吗?—I’mafraidso.恐怕是的。3.It’sapleasure. 用于回答感谢之类的话的客套用语。意为“能帮上你的忙我很高兴;不客气;不用谢。”它还可表达为It’smypleasure/Mypleasure/Apleasure.如:—Thankyouverymuchforpassingthemessageontohim!非常感谢你把口信传给了他!,—It’sapleasure!请别客气!—Thanksforhelpingmeyesterday!多谢你昨天帮助我!—Mypleasure!Nicetoseeyouagain.不用谢!很高兴又见到你!4.CanItakeamessageforyou? 询问对方是否愿意留下口信可用此句式。意为“我给你带个口信,好吗?”类似的表达还有:MayItakeamessageforyou?/Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?5.bytheway. 常用作插入语。用于提出一个新的话题或提起一件已经忘记的事,意为“顺便说一下,顺便问一下,且说,另外”等。如: —Bytheway,therewasatelephonecallforyou.对啦,有你一个电话。 6.What’stheweatherlike…? 此句式用于询问某地或某时天气如何,意为:“……的天气如何?”。还可表达为Howis(the)weather…?如: —What’stheweatherlikeinBeijingnow?现在北京天气如何? —It’sniceandcool.很凉爽。                                                                 7.Ithinkso.  有保留地同意或赞同别人的意见或看法时,可用此语。如: —Canyoumendthebike?你能修理这辆自行车吗?, —Yes,Ithinkso.我想可以。 直截了当地表达不同意见,可用Idon’tthinkso或Ithinknot。如: —Canyoumendaclock? —Sorry,Idon’tthinkso.8.Wouldyouliketo…? 发出邀请的常见句式,带有商量、询问、试探性的口气,意为“你愿意……吗?”应答时常用:Yes,I’dlove(like)to.是的,我很乐意。I’dloveto,but……我很愿意,不过……。如:—Wouldyouliketocomefordinnertonight? —Thankyou,I’dloveto. —Wouldyouliketocometothepartytonight? —I’dloveto,butI’mtoobusy.9.WhatcanIdoforyou?商店售货员、报务员等招呼顾客的礼貌用语,也用于表示主动关心和愿意帮助别人用语。不同场合可以有不同的译法。类似的表达还有:Can(May)Ihelpyou?/IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?在向顾客打招呼时,后面还可以加“sir”或“madam”。对它的应答可以说:Yes,please/Yes,I’dliketo…/Yes,I’mlookingfor…/Yes,Iwantto…。如: —WhatcanIdoforyou? —Iwanttobuyasweaterformyson., —CanIhelpyou? —I’dlikeanewskirt.Pleaseshowmetheredone.10.Helponeself(to…). 这是招待客人时常用的交际用语。意思是“请随便(吃……)”。如:XiaoWang,helpyourselftosomebananas.(小王,请随便吃香蕉吧。)Children,helpyourselvestosomeapples.(孩子们,请随便吃些苹果吧。)11.问路与指路                         (1)问路:a.Where’sthe(nearest)…,please?b.Istherea…nearthere?c.Whichisthewayto…,please?d.HowcanIgetto…?e.Doyoutellmethewayto…?f.Canyoutellmethewayto…?g.Canyoutellmehowtogetto…?h.Iwanttogoto….Doyouknowtheway?i.I’mlookingfor….Whereisit,doyouknow?(2)指路:可根据具体情况,将下列有关句子组织起来。a.It’soverthere.,b.It’sbehind(nextto,infrontof,near,outside)the…c.Walkalongtheroad(street).d.Takethefirst(second等)turningontheleft.(right).e.It’sabout…metresalongontheright(left).f.Walkonandturnright.(left).g.Turnright(left)atthetrafficlights.You’llfindthe…onyourright(left).h.Goonuntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.Youwillseethe…infrontofyou.i.Godownthisroaduntilyoureachthefirsttrafficlights.Turnleftattheendoftheroadyou’llseethe….Youcan’tmissit. 另外,在“问路”时,如对方不知道,问路人仍要向他表示谢意。如:—Excuseme.Isthereapostofficenearhere?—Sorry.Idon’tknow.You’dbetteraskapoliceman.—Thankyouallthesame.【语法精讲】否定疑问句否定疑问句的结构一般为:助动词(或情态动词、连系动词)与not的缩写形式+主语+其它成分?也可写成:助动词(或情态动词、连系动词)+主语+not+其它成分?这种问句表达的含义主要有以下几种。,一、表示惊讶或提出反问。译为:“难道不……吗?”说话人指望对方作出肯定回答,或深信自己所说的话,以致不需要对方作出答复。如:Dontyoubelieveme?(Doyounotbelieveme?)你不相信我?Dontyouhearofit?(Doyounothearofit?)难道你没听说过它?二、表示试探性的建议或有礼貌的邀请。如:Dontyouthinkitstoonoisy?Pleaseturnitdown.你不觉得它太吵闹了吗?请把声音调低些。Wontyouhaveacupoftea?请喝杯茶如何?三、表示提问人的怀疑。如:                      Isnthegoing?(Ishenotgoing)他不去了吗?四、表示赞叹(相当于一个感叹句,朗读时一般用降调。)如:Isn’titaniceday?(Isitnotaniceday?)这天气多么好啊!Arentthebabieslovely?(Arethebabiesnotlovely?)这些婴儿真可爱啊!特殊形式的反意疑问句一、当陈述部分为Iam…结构时,附加问句常用arent.如:Iamverybusy,arentI?二、当陈述句部分是therebe句型时,附加部分需用…there。如:Thereisntanybreadontheplates,isthere?三、陈述句谓语动词为have时,有以下三种情况:,1.当have作“有”解时,用have或do的适当形式均可。Hehasadaughter,hasnt/doesnthe?2.当have作“经历、遭受、得到、吃、喝”等解时,附加问句用do的适当形式。如:Theyhadnoodlesforlunch,didntthey?3.当陈述句谓语动词含有haveto,hasto,hadto时,附加问句用do的适当形式。如:Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,dontwe?Alicehastofinishherworknow,doesntshe?四、当陈述部分有:few/little/never/hardly/nothing等表示否定意义的词时,附加问句通常用肯定形式。如:Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,didhe?TheCanadiangirlknowslittleRussian,doesshe?Kateisneverlaterforclass,isshe?注:如果陈述部分带有否定意义的前、后缀如:un-/in-/im-/dis-/-less等构成的派生词,仍把该句看作肯定句,附加问句用否定形式。如:Thegirlisunhappy,isntshe?五、当陈述部分的主语是anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,everybody,everyone,noone,none,neither等词时,附加问句的主语一般用they,有时也可用he。如:                           Everyoneknowstheanswers,dontthey?/doesnthe?六、当陈述句中主语是this,that,everything,anything,something,,nothing等词时,附加问句的主语是it。如:    Somethingiswrong,isntit?Nothingcanstopusnow,canit?七、当陈述部分含有hadbetter时,附加问句的助动词用had;陈述部分含有wouldlike时,附加问句的助动词用would。如:Youdbetterhavearest,hadntyou?Hedliketogo,wouldnthe?八、当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,附加问句部分要视must所表示的意义来定,有四种情况:1.当must表示推测时,附加问句不用must,而是用must后面相呼应的助动词形式。如:Youmustbeveryhungry,arentyou?2.当must表示“应该“时,附加问句用mustnt。如:WemustworkhardatChinese,mustntwe?3.当must表示“必须”时,附加问句用neednt。如:Youmustseethedoctor,needntyou?4.当must表示“禁止”时,附加问句用must。如:Youmustntdothatagain,mustyou?九、祈使句的附加问句主要有以下四种情况:1.以行为动词开头的祈使句,附加问句用willyou或wontyou,有时也用wouldyou,,canyou等。如Givemeahand,willyou?2.否定的祈使句,附加问句一般用willyou。如:Dontplaywiththecat,willyou?3.以Lets开头的祈使句,附加问句用shallwe。如:Letshaveameeting,shallwe?4.以Letus或Letme开头的祈使句,附加句用willyou。如:Letushelpyou,willyou?Letmedoitforyou,willyou?(或mayI?)十、当陈述部分的主句是Ithink,Iguess,Ibelieve等结构时,附加问句的主谓语一般要与陈述部分宾语从句中的主谓语保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移。如:Idontthinkhecanfinishthework,canhe?             IguessshetaughtherselfJapanese,didntshe?十一、陈述部分是省略形式的感叹句,附加问句的主语与感叹句的主语保持一致。如:Whatfineweather,isntit?Whatacleverboy,isnthe?Howcoolthewateris,isntit?十二、陈述部分主语是不定式、动名词或从句时,附加问句部分的主语用it。如:TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant,isntit?,Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth,isntit?感叹句1.感叹句由what或how引导,句末常用感叹号,用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感。2.What引导感叹句时,在句中作定语修饰句中的名词,名词前常有形容词修饰。其结构为:(1)What+a(an)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!(2)What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如: Whatanicepictureitis!多么好的一幅画啊! Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花啊! Whatbadweatheritis!多么糟糕的天气啊!3.How引导感叹句,在句中作状语修饰形容词、副词。其结构为: (1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! (2)How+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如: Howdelicioustheyare!它们多么好吃啊! Howwellsheissinging!她唱得多么好啊! Howniceadayitis!多么好的天气啊!4.感叹句中主语和谓语总是放在句末,且为陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后,放在前面的是强调的部分。在口语中,只要能将句意表达清楚明白,可将句中的主语、谓语省略,甚至How后面的强调部分也可省略。如: Whatahappybaby(itis)!多么快乐的婴儿啊!, Howcold(itis)!多冷的天气啊!                     How(fast)timeflies!时间过得真快啊!5.陈述句变感叹句时可按下列步骤进行: (1)首先将陈述句在谓语后面断开。如:Thetreeis/verytall. Lilyis/agoodgirl. (2)在后一部分前加how或what。判断的依据是:如果后一部分的中心词是形容词或副词则加how,如果后一部分的中心词是名词要加what。然后将前后两部分位置进行调换,注意大小写及标点符号的调整。如:Howtallthetreeis!         WhatagoodgirlLilyis!注意:如果陈述句中的形容词或副词前有very,quite,so,too等程度副词修饰,变成感叹句后一定要去掉。简单句并列句复合句分解1.简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫做简单句。Igotoschoolat7:00everyday.(一个主语和一个谓语)WangNanandWangFansinganddance.(二个主语和二个谓语)在初中阶段,我们应该掌握简单句的五种基本结构:(1)主语+谓语(S+V)Westudyhardforthepeople.在这种结构中,谓语动词是不及物动词(vi.),其后不跟宾语。(2)主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O),ShespeaksEnglish.Theyplaybasketballafterclass.(3)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)WangHongjiisagoodstudent.连系动词除be外,还有look(看上去),get(逐渐变得),turn(变成),feel(感觉),become(变成)等等。(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO)Sheboughtmeapenyesterday.HehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.这种结构可转化为“主语+谓语+直接宾语+for(或to)+间接宾语”。如:Sheboughtapenformeyesterday.(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)Wecankeepitwarm.TheycallmeLaoWang.HeaskedmetohelphimwithhisEnglish.注意:在此结构中,宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的“主谓”关系。另外,有些简单句结构比较特殊,包含一个字或一个成份。如:Goodmorning!Hello!Thanks! HappyNewYear.等。2.并列句由并列连词(and,but,so,or等)把两个(或两个以上)简单句连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。,HehelpsmeandIhelphim.Weboughtgrannyapresent,butshedidntlikeit.Thisisourfirstlesson,soIdontknowallyournames.3.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子称复合句。所谓“从句”就是充当一个句子成份的“主谓结构”。这个“主谓结构”在主句中作什么成份,就叫什么从句。比如,这个“结构”在主句中做状语,我们就把它叫做状语从句。这个“结构”在主句中做宾语,我们就把它叫做宾语从句,等等。从句须有一个引导词来引导。如:Youmustseethedoctorifyoureill.       主句           从句此句中含有if(如果)引导的从句,表示条件,因为它在主句中作状语,所以,我们就把它叫做“条件状语从句”。在初中阶段,我们应该掌握状语从句和宾语从句。下面对状语从句作一归纳总结。(1)时间状语从句:由表示时间的连词引导:when(当……时),while(当……时候,与……同时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),until(直到……为止),since(自从……以来),assoonas(一……就……)等。如:Whenshereachedhome,shehadashortrest.(2)条件状语从句:由连词if引导。如:                Ifyoueatoldfood,youmaybeill.需要说明的是,上述两种从句,如果主句是一般将来时(或含有将来的意思),那么,这两种从句中的谓语动词应用一般现在时。如:不能说IfIwillbefreetomorrow,Iwillgotothecinema.而应说IfIamfreetomorrow,Iwillgotothecinema.,(3)原因状语从句:由because等词引导。如:Thechildrenwenttothefarm,becausethefarmersneededsomehelp.注意:不能因为汉语中有“因为……,所以……”这样的关联词而译成英语“Because…,so…”,两者只用其中之一便可。如:不能说Becauseheisill,sohecantcometoschool.而应说Becauseheisill,hecantcometoschool.或Heisill,sohecantcometoschool.(4)比较状语从句:由连词than,as…as…等引导。如:JimisolderthanI(am).HerunsasfastasLiPing(does).注意:由than,as…as…引导的状语从句中的谓语动词常常省略(5)结果状语从句:由so…that…(如此……以致……)引导。如:Hebecamesoangrythathecouldntspeak.另外,在so…that…引导的复合句中,如果that后的从句为否定句或含有否定意义,则常用“too…to…(太……而不能……)”改写为简单句。如上一句可改写为Hebecametooangrytospeak.情态动词特点(1)本身有一定的词义。(2)必须与后面动词原形一起构成谓语。(3)无人称和数的变化。,(4)各种句式变化与含be动词句式变化相同。1.can(1)表示能力。如:Hecandoitbyhimself.Twoeyescanseemorethanone.(谚语)(2)表示允许。如:CanIcomein?     Youcangonow.在这种情况下,它与may意思接近,可换用,但问句中用may比用can语气委婉。(3)与beableto在表示能力上意思接近,可换用,但beableto有更多的时态,而can只有现在时和过去时。如:Noonecandoit.(=Nooneisabletodoit.)Willyoubeabletocometonight?(不能说:Willyoucancometonight?)(4)其过去式could可用来比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。此时,could和can没时间上的差别。如:Could(Can)youlendmeyourbike?2.may(1)请示许可。如:MayItakethisseat?但在回答这种问句时,常避免用may这个词,而用其它方式。如:肯定回答:Yes,please.Certainly.,否定回答:Pleasedont.No,youmustnt.(2)谈论可能性。如:Hemayknowtheanswer.Shemaynotbetheretoday.3.must                         (1)表示一种揣测(只有在肯定句中)。如:ThatmustbeXiaoLi.(2)表示必要性。如:Imustgonow.(3)与haveto很接近,但haveto强调客观需要,must说明主观看法。比较:Imusttidytheroom.(主观看法)Ihavetotidytheroom.(客观需要)(4)在回答must的一般问句时,否定用neednt。如:-Mustwedoit?-Yes,youmust.(No,youneednt)4.haveto必须,不得不这个情态动词与上述3个不同,它有第三人称单数形式has,并且各种句式的变化与含有行为动词的句式变化相同。如:Theyhavetogothere.否定结构为:Theydonthavetogothere.,Hehastolookafterhislittlebrother.一般问句为:Doeshehavetolookafterhislittlebrother?二.考试热点1.通过大量的有关邀请、应允、打电话谈论天气、季节、喜好的对话,学会交际用语,此内容常见于中考的口语运用题。2.掌握一般将来时will的用法,形容词与副词的用示及反意疑问句等,此内容常见于中考的书面表达题中。3.要求掌握情态动词(can,may,must,need)、反身代词、不定代词的用法,其考点常出现在选择填空题中。4.理解并掌握由when,before,after引导的时间状语从句;if引导的条件状语从句;and,but连接的并列句。其考点常出现在选择题或句型转换题中。三.重难点突破1.关于问路、指路和看病的常用句式是非常重要的交际用语,只要熟读,是容易掌握的。2.情态动词事主动词,但它无人称代词和数的变化。在使用时,首先要依据语境和所表示的语气来区分。其次注意在疑问句中的否定回答。如:MayI…?No,youmustn’t.MustI…?No,youneedn’t.3.when,after,before,if这四个词的用法如下:当它们连接时间(或条件)状语从句时,若主句为祈使句一般现在时或一般讲来时时,从句要用一般现在时表示讲来时。4.until用法复杂,它分为两种情况使用:当它引导的复合句的主句谓语动词为终止性动词时,他要用否定形式,即not…until作“直到……才”解。它引导的从句时态要求与上述when的用法基本相同。,5.must与havetodo用法区别:must表示说话者的主观愿望,作“必须”解,它本身可以构成疑问句和否定句。而haveto指客观要求,作“不得不”解。它有时态变化,不能直接构成疑问和否定。  6.stopdoing表示“停止做…,而stoptodo则表示“停下来(去)做(另外一件事)。”7.neither...nor,either…or,both…andneither...nor“既不……也不”,连接主语时,谓语动词要与离谓语最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,同时它要修饰对等成分,它的反义词是both...andboth...and"既……又”连接主语时,谓语动词要用复数,必须修饰对等成分。either...or"或者......或者”,“要么……要么”,连接主语时,谓语的数由离它最近的主语决定,它也要修饰对等成分。另注意both用法,由以下例句可知其位置关系ThetwostudentsarebothfromJapan.ThetwostudentsbothcomefromJapan.BoththestudentsareJapanese.   BothofthemareJapanese.8.关于不定代词的用法。1)some或与some构成的合成词一般只用在肯定的陈述句中,但若表示询问,征求意见时,可以用于疑问句中;any或与any构成的合成词一般只翔于否定句或疑问句。2)当形容词修饰不定代词时,应将形容词放在所修饰的不定代词之后。9.关于so+be(情态动词或助动词)+主语。,这是so引导的倒装句,这种句子是指前句所述情况也适合另一个(或另一些)人或物,以免重复。在使用这一结构时,要注意谓语动词的时态要与上一句保持一致。这种结构译为“……也是这样。”而so+主语+谓语结构,意为“……确实如此。”用时要注意区分。10.几种比较等级的转换1)At…thanB----B+notso(as)…asA----B+…less…thanA如:Thisbookismoredifficultthanthatone. ----Thatbookisnotsodifficultasthisone. ----Thatbookislessdifficultthanthisone.2)主语+最高级+范围 ----主语+比较级thananyother+范围   如:.Jimistheshortestboyinmyclass.   Jimisshorterthananyotherboyinmyclass.   3)preferAtoB----likeAbetterthanB11.seesb.do/doing看见某人做/在做某事。接do表示动作的全过程,接doing表示动作在进行中。类似用法的词还有watch,hear。12.findit+adj+todo结构,表示感觉做某事怎么样。  13.or当“否则”,“不然”用祈使句+or+陈述句(用will的将来时)此句式可以改为:If引导否定条件句,陈述句。另请注意这种结构:,祈使句+and(then)+陈述句。(用will的将来时)if引导的肯定条件句,陈述句。14.反身代词1)反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves。2)反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:Ienjoyedmyselfattheparty.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强语气。如:Icandoitmyself.3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有:enjoyoneself,helponeselfto,learnbyoneself,teachoneself,(all)byoneself,leave...byoneself,loseoneselfin等。在使用反身代词时,应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较:“Helpyourselvestosomefish,TomandMike.”Ican’tleavethegirlbyherself。四.典型例题【例1】Theyoungmandrives______thanhedidthreemonthsago.       A.muchcarefully          B.muchmorecareful      C.machcareful            D.muchmorecarefully                分析此题从两个方面考查学生:一是多音节词的比较级;二是形容词与副词如何使用。句中有than提醒学生该用比较级,而句中drives是动词,修饰动词应该用副词。故B、C两答案不行。而多音节词的比较级在词前加上more,再要加上much是修饰程度,“小心得多了”,此题答案应为D。【例2】1)Chinaisoneof______intheworld.,        A.theoldestcountry    B.theoldestcountries         C.mucholdercountry   D.mucholdercountries    2)—HowgreatDalianRadioandTVcentrelooks!        —Yes.Thatsoneofthegreatest_________inDalian.        A.building  B.build  C.buildings  D.builds    分析oneof表示“……的一个”是整体的一部分。整体部分要用复数形式,1)题中A、C两答案不行。句中的“intheworld”是表示最高级的范围,故D答案也不行,所以B答案才对。2)题中A、B不行:D答案的builds不是名词的复数形式,故答案为C。【例3】Tomoftenhaslunchatschool,______?A.doesntTom  B.doesnthe  C.hasn’the  D.hasn’tTom分析此题考查反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句构成:一、前为肯定陈述句,后为否定简略问句;二、前为否定陈述句,后为肯定简略问句。此题前为肯定,所以后者要用否定形式并且问句中的主语应改为人称代词(he),所以A、D不行。haslunch“吃中饭”中的has不是助动词,故要借助动词does,所以正确答案为B。这里要提醒的是如果反意疑问句陈述部分有no,nobody,never,few,little,hardly等含有否定意思的词,后面的反问部分就要用肯定形式。【例4】TheyarrivedinGuangzhou_______themorningofMay25.A.at   B.in  C.on  D.during分析此题考查的是介词表示时间的用法。英语中“在早上、下午、晚上”的表示为inthemorning/afternoon/evening。但如果morning,afternoon,evening前或后有修饰语的话,则表示某一特定(某天的)上午、下午、晚上,要用介词on,故此题答案为C。,【例5】Thereis_______withmybike.Ihurtmyself.A.anythingwrong      B.somethingwrong C.wronganything      D.wrongsomething分析此题考查形容词修饰不定代词后置的问题。英语中something,anything,nothing如有形容词修饰,则放于不定代词之后。该句是肯定句,所以A、B、C中有anything不行,那么B、D中只有B才是对的。【例6】Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscantworkoutthisproblem,soit_____beverydifficult. A.may    B.must    C.can     D.need分析此题考查学生对情态动词的理解。情态动词后都接动词原形,而且无人称和数的变化,但各个情态动词有它自己的含义。can表示能力“能、会”之意;may表示允许、猜测“可以,可能”之意;must表示“一定,必须”;need表示“需要”。此句中的上句表示连最拔尖的学生也算不出这道题,那一定是题目非常难。所以从句子的理解答案应为B。【例7】句型转换    Theboxwassoheavythatshecouldntcarryit. (改为简单句)    Theboxwas______heavy______her______carry.    分析此题考查学生对句型及表达方法多样化的掌握。so…that(如此……以致),可以和too…to(太……而不能)互相转换,所以此三空应填too,for,to。【例8】Thelittlegirl______gobackhome______shefinishedcleaningtheclassroom.A.doesnt,until  B.doesnt,and  C.didnt,until  D.didnt,while分析,此题考查学生对句子的理解。小女孩是扫完了地才回家的。应用not…until(直到……才)句型。答案从A和C中去选择,因为句中的finished是过去时,所以其前面的否定形式也要用过去时,那么此题答案应为C。【例9】Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.A.or   B.so   C.and   D.but分析此题陈述的是“她”前后两个动作,并不表示选择、因果、转折关系,故答案为C。【例10】时态填空题“Stop______(write),andlistentome,please,”saidMr.Brown.    分析stoptodosth与stopdoingsth表示的意思是不同的。前者是“停下来去做另一件事”,而后者是“停止正在做的事”。此题Mr.Brown要求听他说,所以应停止写字,那么这里应填writing一词。【例11】同义句转换    Shewasveryangry.Shecouldsaynothing.Shewas______angrytosay______.            分析此题“她太生气而什么也说不出”,表示结果可以用too…to来替换。由于too…to本身含有否定含义,而nothing=notanything。所以此两格应填too,anything.【例12】Wewon’tgototheGreatwallifit_______tomorrow.       A.rains     B.rain  C.willrain   D.raining    分析此题考查if引导的条件状语从句的动词时态。if引导的条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,本题从句的主语是it,为第三人称单数形式,其动词要加s,故答案为A。【例13】Hisbagfelloffbike.Hestopped   itup.   ,       A.pick   D.picks   C.picked   D.topick分析 此题是考查stop的用法。stoptodo表示“停下来去做另一件事”,而stopdoing则表示“停止正在做的事”o由题意知是停下来去捡,所以选D。   解后反思 在解决一词多种用法时,应先弄懂各自含义,然后再考虑语境。【例14】 Wewon’tgotoHuaxiParkifit     nextSunday.       A.willrain   B,rain   C.rainy   D.rains分析 此题考查证引导的条件状语从句主从句时态关系。if引导时间或条件状语从句若主句为祈使句,或一般现在时,从句用一般现在时,所以A不符合,而B与it不符,故D为正确答案。   【例15】一Doyoulivebyyourself,Mr.Wang?       Yes.Ihavetwosons.But      ofthemliveswithme.TheyarenowstudyinginAmerica.          A.neither   B.both   C.none   D.either分析 此题考查这四个词的用法。both用于“两者都”,作主语时谓语用复数,它要修饰复数名词;neither是both的反义词,它指“两者都不”,它修饰单数名词,作主语谓语用单数。bothof+复数名词(成代词),作主语谓语用复数;neitherof+复数名词(或代词),作主语谓语用单数.none指“(三者或三者以上)一个都不”可用于人或物,它作主语时谓语可用单数或复数,它的反义词是all,all指“三者或三者以上都”,它作主语时谓语用复数。   either指“两者之一”,修饰单数名词,作主语谓语用单数,本题由twosons和but及lives知答案为A。  解后反思 弄清所表达的数量范围并结合语境是正确选择的根本。,【例16】Yoursisterworksveryhard,and                A.soyouare   B.soyoudo   C.soareyou   D.sodoyou分析 由题意知,本题考查so+谓+主语这一结构,该结构谓语的时态应与前句一致,数却由后主语决定,所以选Do【例17】Ihearyou’regotasetofAustraliastamps.         Ihavealook?        一Yes,Certainly.  A.Do   B.May   C.Shall   D.Should分析 此题考查如何正确使用这四个词。A项在此是构成一般现在时的疑问助动词,无实义。C项用于第一人称疑问句中表“征求”或“询问”,D是C项的过去式,由题意可知此处是表“请求”,B项正合题意。解后反思 由例句可以看出掌握情态动词的含义和用法并结合语境去分析才能做出正确选择。【例18】June’sbrotherdidn’tworkso     astheothersdidin’thisclass.          A.harder   B.hard   C.hardest   D.hardly分析 此题考查so...as的用法。Notso…as表“不和……一样”,它要带形容词或副词的原级,故A、C不对,而hardly为“几乎不”,所以选B。解后反思 ,as(so)...as究竟是形容词原级还是副词原级与谓语动词有关。当谓语为行为动词时,则用副词原级;当谓语为连系动词时,则用形容词原级。另外so…as只能用于否定句。   【例19】Theboyis   totakecareofhimself.       A.enoughold   B.enoughyoung          C.oldenough   D.youngenough分析 此题考查enough的用法。enough修饰形容词或副词时,应放在所修饰词之后,故A、B可排除。题意为他已到能自理的年龄了。故选C。【例20】TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.There’re—wordsinit.       A.alittle   B.little   C.afew   D.few  分析 此题考查这四个词的用法。由题意easyforyou知表肯定意义的afew,alittle可排除,又由words是可数名词,应选D。解后反思 afew修饰可数名词,表肯定。few修饰可数名词,表否定。alittle修饰不可数名词,表肯定。little修饰不可数名词,表否定。【例21】 一Iwon’tgotothepartytomorrow.            youtoldmeyoushould.What’shappening?       A.But   B.So   C.And     D.Or分析此题考查连词的用法。but是转折连词表转折,so表因果关系,and是顺承或并列关系,无实义,or表选择关系,由原题句意可知是转折关系。此题选A解后反思 解答考查连词的题应考虑句子之间关系并要和题意相结合。五.强化训练及答案,I.词汇A)词语替换1.Thestudentsenjoyedthemselvesverymuchattheparty.  A.hadaverygoodtime  B.talkedalot  C.askedmanyquestions  D.laughedverymuch2.It’sapleasuretohelpyoutodoyourhomework. A.sorry  B.OK. C.badthing   D.ahappything3.Givemeacallwhenyouneedme.   A.Givemeamessage    B.Wakemeup   C.Ringmeup          D.Callmyname4.Thechildfellasleepintheend.   A.gottosleep  B.wenttobed   C.wasinbed  D.stayedinbed5.Wegohomeonfooteveryday. A.runhome   B.stayhome  C.walkhome  D.leavehomeB)词汇转换:用所给单词的适当形式填空。6.Whenyoucrosstheroad,youmustlookaround_______(care).7.Mr.Wanggaveusa_____(swim)lessonyesterday.8.Ifyouwanttobe________(health),youhavetotakemoreexercise.,9.Children,help_____(you)tosomefish.10.Eatingtoomanysweetsisbadforyour________(tooth).11.It’s_____(cloud)today,isn’tit?12.Look!Howhappilythechildren______(play)inthepark!13.Youlook________(worry).What’swrong?II.单项选择1.Shefelt_____aboutherparty,didn’tshe?  A.worry  B.worried  C.worries   D.worrying2.Iknowtheweatherisn’t______,butImustgoout______someshopping.  A.bad,todo  B.fine,todo  C.bad,do  D.fine,anddoing3.Isthe________withyourwatch?   A.anythingwrong    B.somethingwrong   B.wrongsomething   D.wronganything4.______beautifultheskirtis!  A.How   B.Whata  C.Howa    D.What5.Theweatherhereisverydifferent_____Australia______thistimeofyear.  A.form,in  B.of,in  C.with,on  D.from,at6.The______girlsingsthesongvery______.,   A.beautiful,beautiful    B.beautiful,beautifully   C.beautifully,beautiful   D.beautifully,beautifully7.Thanksfor______me_______beautifulpresents.  A.give,somuch   B.giving,somuch  C.giving,somany  D.give,somany8.Therearen’tenoughcandles.Weneed_____more.  A.alittle   B.much  C.most   D.afew9.LinTaowenttoworkonthefarmlastweek,and______.  A.hissisterdidso      B.sodidhissister  C.sohissisterdid      D.didhissisterso10.Shelikessinging,______shedoesntlikedancing.  A.and     B.or    C.for     D.but11.AuntHuangwasillin_______hospitalyesterday.  A.a  B.an  C.the  D./12.Theteacherswards______herface______red.   A.made,turn        B.make,toturn   C.made,turned      D.made,turns13.Therain______fornearlyfivehours.,   A.fall    B.keeps   C.lasts    D.blows14.Maryofteneats_____food,sosheis_____fatnow.  A.toomuch,muchtoo   B.toomany,manytoo  C.muchtoo,toomuch   D.manytoo,toomany15.It’slittlehotintheroom.Willyoupleasekeepthewindows_____?  A.open  B.toopen  C.opening  D.opened16.Shedidntcometoschoolyesterday,didshe?  ______,thoughtshewasnotfeelingverywell.   A.No,Shedidnt      B.Yes,Shedidnt   B.No,Shedid        D.Yes,Shedid17.MissLiisoneof______inourschool.   A.apopularteacher       B.morepopularteacherC.mostpopularteacher    D.themostpopularteachers18.Ourhometownisgetting______.  A.beautifulandbeautiful   B.morebeautifulandmorebeautiful  C.moreandmorebeautiful  D.beautifulerandbeautifuler19.LiLeiis_______avisittoFrance.He’sbetter______abustothePeople’sPark.  A.on,catch   B.on,tocatch  C.in,nottocatch  D.in,notcatch,20.OurEnglishteachertoldus______questionsinChinese.  A.answer  B.notanswer  C.nottoanswer D.didn’tanswer21.Theydidntstartthework______theirteachercameback.   A.until    B.while    C.assoonas  D.if22.—Thankyouforhavingus.Wehadaverygoodtimetoday.   —______.Bye!    A.No,thankyou          B.I’mafraidnot    C.Youshouldntsaythat    D.Itwasmypleasure23.Thedoctor______thebabycarefully.   A.lookedover      B.heardfrom   C.worriedabout    D.lookedlike24.—Mustwefinishourhomeworknow,Mrs.Read?   —Ohno,you______.A.mustnt   B.cant   C,wont   D.neednt25.—ImsorryI______myexercisebookathome. —Dontforget______ittoschooltomorrow,please.   A.forgot,totake   B.left,tobring  C.forgot,bring  D.left,totake26.Pleasegoouttoclimbthehillifit______tomorrow.,   A.rains   B.raining   C.wontrain  D.doesntrainIII.句型转换1.Mrs.Brownhastositdownandresteveryfiveminutes.(对划线部分提问) _______________doesMrs.Brownhavetositdownandrest?2.Nothingistoodifficult,_____________?(完成反意疑问句)3.Afterhefinisheshishomework,he’llleavetheclassroom.(改为同义句) He______leavetheclassroom_____hefinisheshishomework.4.Ihadsomeapplesandoranges.(改为否定句) I______haveanyapples______oranges.5.TheyhadagoodtimelastSunday.(改为同义句) They_____________lastSunday.6.Theyworkhard.(改为感叹句)_____________theywork!7.Hedoesn’twanttogooutbecauseit’srainingheavily.(就划线部分提问)  _____________hewanttogoout?8.Itwillbesnowythedayaftertomorrow.(就划线部分提问)  _________theweather______likethedayaftertomorrow?9.Theboyswillgoswimmingtomorrow.(改为一般疑问句),  ______theboys___________tomorrow?10.Thispictureisbeautiful.Thatoneismorebeautiful.(合并为一句)  Thatpictureis_________________thisone.IV.根据汉语意思完成英语句子。1.安担心她的晚会是因为食物没有准备好。  Ann____________________herpartybecausethefoodisn’t______.2.天这么热,为什么不脱掉你的外套呢?  It’sveryhottoday.___________you____________yourcoat?3.说着这些话,他朝着我做鬼脸。  ______thesewords,hemade______atme.4.足球、篮球和排球,你最喜欢哪一个?  _______ballgame______you____________,football,basketballorvolleyball?5.你到北京之后给李叔叔去个电话。  Please______UncleLi__________afteryou______Beijing.6.他看到他的妻子多么高兴啊!  ______________heistoseehiswife!7.这道数学题太难,我做不出来。  Thismathsproblemis_______hardforme_______workout.,8.你为什么不改打排球?  _______don’tyouplayvolleyball_______? V.补全对话。BillandKatewanttosendapostcardtotheirfriend,Peter.Theyareinthepostofficetobuyastamp(邮票)andpostthecard.Man:CanIhelpyou?Bill:We____1__astamp,please.Man:Isitfora___2___orforapostcard?Kate:It’sforapostcard.Man:AreyousendingthecardtosomeonehereinEnglandorinanother__3___?Bill:We’resendingittoa___4__inEngland.Man:Thenyouneedathree-pennystamp.Hereyouare,onethree-pennystamp.Bill:Thankyou.Kate:Stick(粘贴)thestamponthe___5____,Bill.Thenwecan___6__it.Bill:OK.___7___theletterbox?Kate:Overthere.Bill:I___8____Peterwillsendusapostcard.Kate:____9________10___I. ,Ⅵ.完形填空    Mostadults(成年人)oncestudiedatschool,hadclassesanddidtheirhomeworkeveryday.Thesame  1  isgoingonatschoolnow.  2  itseemsthatdoingweekend(周末)homeworkis  3  problemforthemodernstudents..Allthestudentsshouldagreethatweekendhomeworkshouldbeabolished(取消).It’s   4  forthemstudyingatschoolfivedaysaweek.Theyhavealotofinterests.WithhomeworktodoonSaturdayandSunday,whencantheyfind  5  tohelparoundthehouse,goandseeafootballorbasketballgameoragoodfilm,joininfamilyrecreations(娱乐),orjusthave  6  athome?Becauseoftheseotheractivities(活动),thehomeworkcantbefinisheduntil  7 .SotheirweekendhomeworkisusuallydoneinsuchahurrythatonMondayteachersare  8  andoftenthreaten(威胁)tofailwholeclassofstudentsbecausetheyknownothingaboutthe  9 .Iftherewerenoweekendhomeworkforthestudentstodo,theywouldbehappytogotoschoolonMonday  10  havingagoodrestandtolearnwhattheteachersteach.1.A.thing     B.school     C.class     D.homework2.A.Also     B.But        C.Still      D.Though3.A.no      B.another     C.one      D.other4.A.notenough  B.enough  C.nogood   D.nouse5.A.friends   B.time       C.places    D.money6.A.arest    B.an.exam    C.alesson   D.picnic7.A.Mondayafternoon        B.Saturdayafternoon C.Fridaynight             D.Sundaynight8.A.pleased   B.sorry      C.unhappy   D.notworried,9.A.lesson    B.games     C.interests   D.activitiesl0.A.until     B.when     C.before      D.afterⅦ.阅读理解A    Itwasabeautifulday.Thesunwasshining.Therewasnocloud,andtheweatherwaswarm.Treesjustturnedgreen,flowerscameout.Youngpeoplewerewalkingafterbreakfast,childrenwereplayingonthegrasshappily.Mr.Brownsawanoldmanstandingaloneunderthetreewithabigumbrella(伞)inhishand.     Mr.Brownwentupandaskedhim,“Doyouthinkwearegoingtohaveraintoday?”“No,”saidtheoldman.“Idontthinkso.”“Thenareyoucarryingtheumbrellabecausethesunistoohot?”“No,thesunisnotveryhotinthisseason.”     Mr.Brownlookedatthebigumbrellaagain,justthentheoldmansaid,“Imoldandmylegsarentverystrongforwalkingfaraway.Imusthaveawalkingstick.ButyoungpeoplewillthinkImtoooldtodoanything.WhenIcarryanumbrellainsuchfineweather,theywilllaughatmeandsayImstupid(愚蠢),butIdontmind.”Mr.Brownsaid,“Oh,Isee.Yourenevertooold.Itsimportantforusyoungpeopletounderstandtheoldpeople.Nowletshaveawalktogether,willyou?”Theoldmansaid,“Thankyou,letsgo!” l.Thisstoryhappened______.     A.onasummermorning    B.onaspringmorning     C.onasummerafternoon   D.onaspringafternoon 2.Mr.Brownis______.     A.neitheroldnoryoung   B.morethantwenty     C.olderthantheoldman  D.asoldastheold,man                                           3.—Inwhichcountrydidthisstoryhappen?                                         —_____.A.InEngland   B.InIndia    C.Ihavenoidea   D.InAustralia4.Fromthestoryweknowsomeoldpeople________    A.areafraidofsayingtheyreold   B.shouldhavewalking-sticks      C.dontlikeyoungpeople    D.areveryhappyeveryday5.Afteryoureadthisstory,youcanknow_______    A.whenthepeoplebecomeolder    B.whatyougivetheoldpeopletoeat    C.whereyoucanfindtheoldpeopleD.whatyoushoulddofortheoldpeopleB    “Cool”isawordwithmanymeanings.Itsoldmeaningisusedtoexpressatemperaturethatisalittlebitcold.Astheworldhaschanged,thewordhashadmanydifferentmeanings.    Coolcanbeusedtoexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything.    Whenyouseeafamouscarinthestreet,maybeyouwillsay,“itscool.”Youmaythink, “hessocool,”whenyouseeyourfavouritefootballer.,    Weallmaximize(扩大)themeaningof“cool”.Youcanuseitinsteadofmanywordssuch  as“new”or“surprising”.Heresaninterestingstorywecanusetoshowthewaythewordisused. Ateacheraskedherstudentstowriteaboutthewaterfall(瀑布)theyhadvisited.Ononestudentspaperwasjusttheonesentence,“Itssocool.”Maybehethoughtitwasthebestwaytoshowwhathesawandfelt.    Butthestoryalsoshowsascarcity(缺乏)ofwords.Without“cool”,somepeoplehaveno  wordstoshowthesamemeaning.Soitisquiteimportanttokeepsomecredibility(可信性).Canyonthinkofmanyotherwordsthatmakeyourlifeascolourfulastheword“cool”?Ican.And  thinktheyarealsoverycool.6.Weknowthattheword“cool”hashad_____.  A.onlyonemeaning         B.nomeanings  C.manydifferentmeanings   D.thesamemeaning         7.Inthepassage,theword“express”means“______”.    A.see     B.show    C.know      D.feel                    8.Ifyouare______something,youmaysay,“itscool.”   A.interestedin         B.angryabout   C.worriedabout        D.unhappywith 9.Thewritertakesanexampletoshowheis______thewaythewordisused,   A.pleasedwith         B.strangeto   C.worriedabout        D.unhappywith10.Inthepassage,thewritersuggests(暗示)thattheword“cool”______.,   A.canbeusedinsteadofmanywords    B.usuallymeanssomethinginterestingC.canmakeyourlifecolourful                         D.maynotbeascoolas,itseemsⅧ.书面表达英国男孩JimGreen来信想在北京征询笔友,你决定做他的笔友。现在你用英语写一封回信,介绍自己的情况。要求单词数大约50个左右。回信应包括下面表格中的内容。Name:LiDong Schoolname:No.18MiddleSchool Sex:schoolboy Favouritesubjects:maths,history,English Aye:15 Sports:basketball,swimming Numberofpeopleinyourfamily:3 Interests:popmusic Ⅸ.短文改错  YesterdayTimmyhelpedhisfatherinthe                 1__garden.TimmyisyoungestintheBlake                      2 ,family.Timmyandhisfatherdugtwohole.                 3  Theyplantedtwotrees.“Ourgardenlooks                  4  verybeautifully,”Timmysaid.                                5    “It’sfilledofweeds(草),”hisfathersaid.             6   “It’sthenicegardeninthestreet,”Timmysaid.           7   “Thenicestones?”hisfatherasked.                        8  “Yes,”Timmyanswered.“Nobodygrass                  9  islongerthanour.”                                              10参考答案:Ⅰ.1.A  2.D  3.C  4.A  5.C  6.carefully  7.swimming  8.healthier  9.yourselves  10.teeth  11.cloudy  12.areplaying  13.worriedⅡ.1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.C 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.B 26.DⅢ.1.Howoften  2.isit  3.won’t,until/before  4.didn’t,or 5.enjoyedthemselves 6.Howhard 7.Whydoesn’t 8.Whatwill,be 9.Will,goswimming 10.morebeautifulthanⅣ.1.isworriedabout,ready 2.Whydon’t 3.With,faces 4.Which,do,likebest 5.give,acall,reach  talkoff 6.Howhappy 7.too,to 8.Why,instead Ⅴ.1.want 2.letter 3.country 4.friend 5.card 6.post 7.Where’s 8.hope 9.So 10.do,Ⅵ.1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.DⅦ.1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.DⅧ.略Ⅸ.1.√   2.theyoungest   3.holes    4.√   5.beautiful  6.filled→full      7.nicest  8.ones→one    9.Nobody→Nobody’s   10.our→ours12JUNIORBOOKIII(上)一.知识网络【重点内容概要】1.过去完成时2.购物用语及书信格式3.能运用so…that和sothat引导的状语从句4.动词不定式作主语5.定语从句【句型、词组精讲】seemseem意为“似乎”、“好象”,为不及物动词,常用于以下几种结构:1.后面可接不定式的一般式(seemtodosth.),不定式的进行式(seemtobedoingsth.)和不定式的完成式(seemtohavedonesth.)。如:,Sheseemstoberight. 看来她好像是对的。Jackseemstobedoinghishomework.杰克好像正在做家庭作业。2.可接从句,构成句型“Itseems/seemedthat…”意为“看起来好像……”。如:Itseemsthatheisright.看来他好像是对的。Itseemsthathehasreadthebook.看来他好像已读过这本书。3.后接形容词作表语。如:Theteacherseemsangry.老师看起来很生气。Thisbookseemsquiteinteresting.这本书看起来很有趣。4.后接名词、动词ing形式或介词短语。如:Sheseemsaclevergirl.她看上去是个聪明的女孩。Itseemsraining.天好像要下雨。Heseemsathome.他好像在家里。5.还可用于therebe句型中,表示“似乎有……”。如:Thereseemstobenobodyintheclassroom.教室里似乎没有人。 “是否”if&whether1.if和whether在其引导的宾语从句中作“是否”解时,一般情况下,两者可通用。但if常用于口语中,whether比较正式。2.if和whether在下列情况下不能通用。,(1)作介词宾语时用whether,而不用if。如:I’minterestedinwhetherhe’llgoout.(2)whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句之前,if则不能。如:Whetherthisistrueornot,I’mnotsure.(3)与动词不定式连用时,只能用whether。如:Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoJapan.(4)宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时,只能用if。如:Iwanttoknowifhewon’tcomeheretomorrow.表示“也”种种初中英语教材中出现了六个意思相当于汉语“也”的单词,用法比较广泛,现分述如下:1.too用在肯定句中,放在句末,前面可用逗号与句子隔开,也可不用;也可放在句子中间,前后都加逗号。如:(1)Nicetomeetyou,too.见到你我也很高兴。(2)You,too,mayhaveatry. 你也可以试一试。2.either用在否定句中,常放在句末,前面常用逗号与句子隔开。如:Hecan’tsing.Ican’tsing,either.他不会唱歌,我也不会。,3.also放在句子中间,不用逗号隔开。如:ShealsolikesEnglish.她也喜欢英语。4.so用在肯定句中,常用句式为:so+助动词、系动词或情态动词+主语,表示前面说的情况也适用于后者。如:(1)A:Tomlikesdancing.汤姆喜欢跳舞。B:SodoI.我也喜欢。(2)LiLeiwenttotheparkyesterdayandsodidI.李雷昨天去公园了,我也去了。(3)Iamateacherandsoisshe.我是位教师,她也是。5.neither用在否定句中,常用句式为neither+助动词、情态动词或系动词+主语,表示前面说的情况也适用于后者。如:(1)Mybrotherdoesn’tlikeplayingfootballandneitherdoI.我弟弟不喜欢踢足球,我也不喜欢。(2)A:HanMeimeican’tdraw.韩梅梅不会画画。    B:NeithercanI.我也不会。(3)Sheisn’trightandneitheramI.她不对,我也不对。6.nor用法如同neither。区别为neither用于两者之间;nor用于两者或两者以上。如:(1)WeiFanghasnostory-books.Neither(Nor)doI.魏芳没有故事书。我也没有。,(2)WeiFanghasnostory-books.NordoI.Nordoyou.魏芳没有故事书。我也没有。你也没有。7.以上有些句式可以相互转换。如:(1)Hecan’tsing.Ican’tsing,either.   Hecan’tsing.Neither/NorcanI.(2)MysisterlikessingingandsodoI.    MysisterlikessingingandIlikeit,too.(3)Shealsogoestoworkbybike.      Shegoestoworkbybike,too.【语法精讲】被动语态主动语态变被动语态必须注意下面几个问题。谓语动词的人称和数应和主动结构的宾语保持一致。如:Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastmonth.→Thetallbuildingwasbuiltlastmonth.与原句时态应保持一致。如:TheywillspeakEnglish.→Englishwillbespoken.动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by短语可省略。(如没握最好不要省。)如:WespeakEnglishinourschool.→Englishisspoken(byus)inourschool.,主动结构中作宾补的不定式可以省去to,但变为被动语态时必须加上to.如:Hemademefinishtheworkatonce.→Iwasmadetofinishtheworkatonce.被动句中by短语和with等短语用法不同:强调动作的执行者要用by;表示状态或主动者所用的工具或手段要用with。如:Theworkwasdonebyhim.Themountainwascoveredwithsnow.当主动语态含有双宾语时可将任何一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不变,但当直接宾语作主语时,要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:Mysistergavemeapenyesterday.→Apenwasgiventomebymysisteryesterday./Iwasgivenapen(bymysister)yesterday. “主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型变为被动语态时,只能将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,而宾补不变。如:Iheardhersingasonginthenextroom.→Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroom.Isawhimgettingonabus.→Hewasseengettingonabus.    当主动语态的动词是短语动词时,变为被动语态时不能将动词后的介词或副词丢掉。如:Hesentforthedoctoratonce.→Thedoctorwassentforatonce.当主动语态的谓语或宾语部分含有不定式时,变为被动句时要将不定式变为被动结构。如:Heisgoingtodohishomework.→Hishomeworkisgoingtobedone.下面几种情况主动语态不能改为被动语态。(1)当宾语是myself等反身代词时;(2)当谓语是表示状态的动词如:have,own,,hold等时;(3)当宾语是动词的ing形式时;(4)当宾语是相互代词时;(5)当宾语是表示数量,重量、大小或程度等时。动词不定式1.动词不定式作定语时,不定式所表示的动作与其所修饰的中心词之间一般有三种关系:(1)动宾关系:即动词不定式所表示的动作与其所修饰的中心词之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:Shehasalotofworktodo.句中不定式todo与work构成动宾关系。说明:当作定语的不定式为不及物动词时或不定式虽是及物动词,但不能与中心词构成合理搭配时,不定式后要加适当的介词。如:Wehavenothingtoworryabout.Theyarelookingforahousetoeatin.(2)主谓关系:中心词与不定式所表示的动作之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系,即中心词是不定式动作的发出者。如:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocometoschool.句中的thefirst是cometoschool的逻辑主语,即这个动作的发出者。(3)同位关系:作定语的不定式是对中心词内容的解释和说明。如:Thisisthebestwaytoworkouttheproblem.句中的way的内容是toworkouttheproblem.2.“疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如:Hedidn’tknowhowtodoit.Thequestioniswhentostart.说明:                          (1)当句子谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,,tell等时,其后的宾语从句可简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构,但主句与从句的主语必须一致。如:Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.→Idon’tknowwhattodonext.(2)当句子的谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等,其后带双宾语,且从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可转换成“疑问句+不定式”结构。如:PleasetellmewhereIcanfindher.→Pleasetellmewheretofindher.过去完成时1.过去完成时的构成:由“助动词+had+过去分词”构成。如:ThefilmhadbegunbeforeIgottothecinema.2.过去完成时的用法:1)完成法:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间常用以下几种方式表达:(1)by,before等构成的短语表示。如:Wehadlearned20Englishsongsbytheendoflastyear.Theyhadgonehomebeforefiveo’clock.(2)用when,before等引导的从句表示。如:Ihadwaitedforhalfanhourwhenthebuscame.HehadgonehomebeforeIgottohisoffice.(3)通过上下文表示。如:,Tomsaidthatthehadseenthegirlbefore.2)持续法:表示从过去某一时间开始,持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。往往与for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用,这种用法如同现在完时,谓语动词只能用be、live、study、work等表示延续性的动词或表示状态的动词。如:Shesaidshehadworkedheresince1968.IhadtaughtEnglishfortwelveyearsbeforeIcametothisschool.说明:                             (1)在带有after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如:Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadreturned.(=Hecalledonmesoonafterthereturned.)他回来不久便来拜访我。(2)对于一连串的过去动作,其发生的先后顺序,有时可以由动词的词汇意义来表示,无需再用过去完成时。如:Shelookedaroundbutsawnothing.她环顾四周,但什么也没看到。Hecameinandsaidhellotoeveryone.他进来向每一个人问好。宾语从句反馈一、从句是陈述句1.引导词:用that连接(口语中that常省略)2.时态:(1)主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据实际情况用各种时态。,(2)主句是过去时态时,从句多用过去的某种时态与之相呼应。(若从句是属于客观真理的,则用一般现在时态)。如:Hesaidthathemissedusverymuch.Theteachersaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.二、从句是一般疑问句1.引导词:用if(whether)连接。2.语序:由疑问句语序改为陈述句语序,即:(1)主语在先,谓语在后。(2)有助动词do,does,did等则要去掉。3.标点:主句是肯定句的,句末用句号;主句是问句的,则句末用问号。如:HeaskedifMr.Brownwasadoctor.DoyouknowifMr.Brownisadoctor?三、从句是特殊疑问句1.引导词:用原疑问词连接。2.语序:用陈述句语序。(1)原疑问词是主语的,则不用变。(2)其余的要把谓语放在主语之后。如:Canyoutellmewhowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknowwhenclasseswillbegin.,3.主语是问句,句末要用问号。四、三种情况的共同点和不同点                   A.共同点:(1)主句是过去时态时,从句都用过去的时态。(2)语序都用陈述语序。(3)若是客观真理时,时态都不变。B.不同点:(1)引导词不同(1)that (2)if(whether) (3)原疑问词。(2)句末标点符号不同,主句是陈述句的,句末用句号;主句是疑问句的,句末用问号。(3)主句是现在时态时,则根据句意用相应的时态。二.考试热点1.被动语态的三种时态:一般现在时的被动语态,一般过去时的被动语态和含情态动词的被动语态。作为考点常见于选择填空题、句型转换题和动词时态填空题中。另一考点为计量的表达方法。2.通过购物、看病、书信等对话、文章,使学生能进行日常交际了英文书信的格式和书写,从而考查学生听、说、读、写的能力。此考点常见于完成对题和书面表达题中。3.理解so…that和though引导的状语从句及动词不定式和疑问词连用、动词定式作定语的用法。常见题型为句型转换题。三.重、难点突破1.过去完成时的用法和构成,教材有叙述,在使用这个时态时要注意它与过去时有关系,即所说的“过去的过去”,以下介词短语常用于过去完成时。by+过去时间,bytheendof+过去时间,by,thetime+从句(过去时)等。另外要注意,在过去完成时中,短暂动作动词不能与for+时段,since+时点连用。2.so…that意为“如此……以致……”,that后常借结果状语从句。So…that中间是带形容词还是副词,由谓语动词来决定。so…that从句可以变为too…(forsb.)todo或…enough(forsb.todo)的简单句。3.关于so与such这两个词都表示“这么”、“这样”、“如此”之意,但两者用法不同。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词短语,其用法:such(a/an)adj.+n.(注意:若名词前有many、much、few、little等词时只能用so)so是副词,常置于所修饰的形容词、副词之前,其用法:so+adj.+a/an+n.。so还有代词用法。4.英文书信格式一份正规的信应主要包括四个部分:1)右上角是写信人的地址和写信日期。地址应从小写到大,地址下面要写日期。2)对收信人的称呼。一般称呼前都要用Dear。3)内容。这是信件的主体。4)签名。签名前应写Yours这类的字样。5)关于购物用语。四.典型例题[例1] 动词填空He______(tell)toreturnhisbooktothelibraryyesterdaymorning.分析 ,此题根据句意“他”应归还书籍,不是自己告知,而是“被人告知”,所以这里应填被动语态形式。由于句尾yesterdaymorning表明过去时态,故应填wastold.[例2] ________ofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.A.Twothree  B.Twothrees   C.Twothirds   D.Secondthree分析此题考查学生对英语分数的表达。英语的分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,先读分子,后读分母。当分子大于1时,分母就加s,变为复数,故此题答案为C。[例3] Helikesthebookbutit_______toomuch.A.pays  B.costs  C.takes  D.spends分析 此题考查学生对同义词的理解。spend,pay,take,cost都有“花费”之意,但它们有区别。take表示“花费时间”,主语是动词不定式。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.pay“付款”常与for搭配;spend“花费时间/钱”,常与on搭配,其形式为spend…on,spend…(in)doingsth.。pay和spend的主语应为“某人”。但cost一词“值……钱”主语应为“某物/某事”。故答案为B。[例4]将两句并合为一复合句。Thewordsonthenoticeboardareverysmall.Ican'tseethemclearly.Thewordsonthenoticeboardare______small______Ican'tseethemclearly.分析此题考查学生对语言的运用所掌握的能力。此题用so…that两词可以把两句合并起来,使它成为一个结果状语从句。即“通知墙报上的字是如此小以致我看不清楚。”另外,此题还可以一个简单句:Thewordsonthenoticeboardaretoomallformetoseeclearly.[例5]同义句转换。Youcandoyourhomeworktodayoryoucandoittomorrow.,______todayortomorrow______OKforyoutodoyourhomework.分析此题关键之处是要理解原句之意。同时选用正确的连接词。此题中已有“or”提醒学生应用either…or。“either…or”有“要么……要么”、“或者……或者”之意。后一空格是考查学生either…or其谓语动词“数”的问题,由于tomorrow是单数故后格填is。[例6]填空—_______thepopulationofGermany?—Abouteighty-onemillion.分析问“人口多少”常用What’sthepopulation…?来表达。所以此题应用固定结构,即填What’s。[例7]词语替换。Yourshoesarewornout.Youshouldbuyanewpairinstead.A.toobig   B.toosmall    C.tooold   D.toocheap分析 此题考查学生对词语的理解。bewornout是“被穿破”之意,即“旧了”。而不存在“太大,太不,太便宜”的问题,所以答案为C。[例8]正误例析1)那群女孩继续向前移动。误:Thegroupofgirlsallmoved.正:Thegroupofgirlsallmovedon.分析英语中有些表示位移的动词,如pass,go,move,walk等与on连用,往往含有动作的继续之意。如:passon继续传递,goon继续进行,moveon继续向前移动,walkon继续走动等。,2)你能告诉我去博物馆的路吗?误:Canyoutellmethewaygotothemuseum?正:Canyoutellmethewaytothemuseum?分析thewayto…这一结构中to…是介词短语,作定语,修饰theway。英语中类似这种表达还有:theanswertothequestion问题的答案,thekeytothedoor门上的钥匙等。另外有关问路的句型还有:Canyoutellmehowtogettothe…?CanyoutellmehowIcangettothe…?Canyoushowmetheway…?HowcanIgetto…?等。五.强化训练及答案I.词汇A)根据句意及词首字母写出所缺单词。1.Kate’sparentsputpresentsineacho______stockings.2.ThePLAwasf____onAugust1,1927.3.Wegotupearlyinthemorningbeforethesunr_________.4.I’msorrytotellyouthatyouf______thehistoryexamagain.5.Sher_____aletterfromherfatheryesterday.B)根据句意,用所给单词的正确形式填空。6.Alotof______(foreign)visitedourschoollastSunday.7.Withthe_______ofscience,ourlifeisgettingbetterandbetter.(develop)8.Doyouknowthe______(fly)numberleavingforBeijing?9.Shecan’tgoanyfartherwithher______legs.(break),10.Theydidn’tknowwho______(invent)thefridge.C)词语理解:根据所给句子划线部分的意思,从四个选项中选出最佳答案。11.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonforanhour.A.hasbegunforanhour    B.beganatone’oclockC.begananhourago   D.beganforanhour12.MyfatherjoinedthePartywhenhewastwenty.A.isaPartymember   B.isinthePartymemberC.becameaPartymember   D.wantedtobeaPartymember13.Shestoppedcryingandlistenedtothemusic.A.stoppedtocry  B.didn’tcryanymore  C.couldn’tcrymuchmore  D.begancrying14.Ifyouwanttoworkoutthisdifficultproblem,youmustuseyourhead.A.askforhelp   B.thinkof   C.thinkhard    D.findway15.Haveyoureceivedanylettersfromyourparentsthesedays?A.heardfrom   B.listened   C.talked   D.reportedII.选择填空1.Theheavysnow______arrivingintime. A.letthetrainnot       B.madethetrainnotto C.stoppedthetrainof    D.stoppedthetrainfrom,2.Myparents______about1,000yuanformyschooleducation(教育)eachyear.  A.spend  B.take  C.cost  D.pay3.Themedicine______cool,cleananddry.     A.mustkeep  B.mustbekept  C.mustbecarried  D.mustbein4.In_______time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.  A.fewyears  B.afewyears’  C.afewyear  D.afewyear’s5.Mygrandfathercould______read______writebecausehewastoopoortogotoschoolintheolddays.  A.either...or  B.neither...nor  C.both...and D.notonly...butalso6.There'shardly______milkinthebottle,______there?  A.no,isn't   B.some,is    C.little,isn't  D.any,is7.Thestudentsshouldlearn______frombooks______fromlife.  A.so,as    B.both,and    C.either,or   D,neither,nor8.Thepopulationisgrowingfasterin_____developedcountriesthanin______developedcountries.  A.more,little  B.less,more    C.more,less  D.little,more9.Chinaisfamous______herGreatWall.   A.as      B.for        C.to         D.of10.—Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamoftheschool?,  —Abouttwoyears.    A.beenon    B.beenat     C.joined    D.played11.We’llhave______holiday.Whatareyougoingtodo?  A.twodays  B.two-days’  C.atwo-day  D.atwo–days12.Thesmallboydidn’tknowwhattime_______withpresents.  A.hisfatherfilledhisstockings   B.didhisfatherfillhisstockings  C.washisfatherfillinghisstockings  D.hisfatherhasfilledhisstockings13.OnNewYear’sDayallthechildren_______andenjoythemselves.  A.dressin  B.dressthemselvesup  C.dressthemselves  D.dressbeautifulclothes14.Ihavewritten_______downonthislist.  A.itofall   B.intheall   C.allit    D.itall15.Theman______in1992,he_____fortenyears.  A.died,wasdead   B.died,hasbeendead  C.wasdead,hasdies  D.wasdead,hasbeendied16.—Whatagoodstudentyouare!—_______.  A.Thankyou.  B.That’sright.  C.Ishoulddomore  D.Don’tsaythat,17.Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ifit_______,we’llgotothepark.  A.rain   B.won’t   C.doesn’train  D.willrain18.—Couldyoutellme______?—Yes.They_______tothelibrary.A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherethetwinsare,havegoneC.wherewerethetwins,havebeenD.wherethetwinswere,havegone19.Doyouknow_______?  A.howusingacomputer   B.howtouseacomputer  C.howusedacomputer   D.howacomputertouse20.Theboysis______tocookforhimself.  A.youngerenough    B.oldenough  C.enoughyoung      D.enougholdⅢ.句型转换。1.Didyouusecomputerstomaketheforeignlanguageeasytolearn? _______computers_______tohelpyoulearntheforeignlanguage_______?2.Thepoortruckwentpast,andtherewasheavysmokebehindit. Thepoortruckwentpast______heavysmokebehindit.3.Hisbrotherisateacher.Hissisterisateacher. ______hisbrother______hissister____________.,4.It’salongtimesincewemetlast. We____________eachotherforalongtimesincewemetlast.5.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?  Couldyoutellus______Mr.Brown______livinginChina.6.TheyhavelivedinShiyanformorethantenyears.(对划线部分提问)_________________havetheylivedinShiyan?7.They’vevisitedtheSummerPalacealready.(改为否定句) They_______visitedtheSummerPalace_________.8.CouldyoutellmehowIcananswerthequestioninEnglish?(改为简单句)  Couldyoutellme_____________answerthequestioninEnglish?IV.补全对话。根据对话情景填入所缺单词,使对话完整、通顺。A:Hello,mayI_1_____toJohn,please.B:_2______onforamoment,please.I’msorryheisn’there3______now.Who’sthat4_____,please?A:_5______isMary.I’mhisclassmate.B:Hello,Mary.CanI6_____amessage?A:Yes,pleaseaskhimtogivemea_7_____thisafternoon,OK?B:Yes,isyournumber3394564?A:Yes.,B:OK.I’ll_8____themessageonhisdesk.A:Thankyouforyourkind_9______.B:You’re10_____.Seeyou.V.完成句子。1.这张桌子是由木头做的。 Thetableis_________________wood.2.人们常看见他画画。Heisoften_______to_______pictures.3.你听见我的话了吗?Didyouhear_____________said?4.长城有两千多年的历史了。TheGreatWallhas_________________________morethantwo______years.5.那个年轻人离开家乡已经有两年半了。 Theyoungman______________________________hishometownfortwoandahalfyears.6.汤姆到中国以来已经给他父母写了好几封信。 Tom____________severalletterstohisparents_______he______toChina.7.老师告诉我们不要在课堂上大吵大闹。 Theteachertoldus______________makealotofnoiseinclass.8.没有你的帮助,她不能按时完成这项工作。, Shecouldn’tfinishtheworkontime________your______.VI.完形填空OnceamannamedHenryfoundaboxofoldpapers(文件)inaroom.He 1  mostofthem,forhedidn'tlikeoldthingsverymuch.  2  oneofthesepaperswasanoldletter.Itwaswrittenbyafamouswriter(作者).    “Whenthisletterwaswritten,”saidHenry,“  3   knewaboutthewriter.Butnoweveryoneknowshim.Somepeopleliketo  4  andkeepletterslikethis.IwillgetalotofmoneyforthisletterifIsellittotherightman.”    Therewerealotofdirtymarks(斑迹)allovertheletter.Hethought,“Itdoesn'tlook 5  .Noonewantstobuyaletterifit'sdirty.Sohecleanedtheletter  6  .Atlastitlookednewandhewasverypleased.Hetookthelettertoa  7  inNewYork,Heknewthatoldpapersofthiskindwereboughtandsoldthere.”    Themanintheshoplookedattheletterforalongtime.Thenhesaid,“I’ll  8  youtendollars.”    “Onlytendollars?”saidHenry.“Butpeoplepayahundred  9  aletterlikethis.I'vecleaneditandmadeitlooknice.”    “Icanseethat,”saidtheman.“That'sthe  10 .Peoplewhobuyoldpaperslikethemtobedirty.”1.A.took      B.burnt     C.wrote      D.kept2.A.And       B.Because   C.But        D.If3.A.Noone     B.Anyone   C.All         D.Everyone4.A.read      B.see        C.buy        D.sell,5.A.dirty     B.true        C.worried     D.nice6.A.carefully  B.kindly      C.heavily     D.suddenly7.A.market    B.shop      C.library       D.bookshop8.A.spend     B.lend       C.send        D.give9.A.on        B.in         C.for         D.with10.A.difficulty  B.problem    C.question    D.answer阅读理解AWhenMencius(孟子)wasasmallboy,hisfatherdied.SoMenciusandhismotherwerequitepoor.OnedayMenciusreturnedhomefromschoolandfoundhismothermakingsomecloth(布).Itwasverybeautifulandexpensive.“Howmuchofyourbookhaveyoureadtoday?”Mencius’motheraskedhim.Menciusthrewdownhisbook.“Ihaven’treadanyofit,”hereplied,“Iplayedwithsomefriendsofmineinthefields.”Whenhismotherheardthis,shepickedupapairofscissors(剪刀)andcutthecloth.“Whyhaveyoucutyourcloth?”Menciusasked.“Itwassobeautifulandnowyou’vewasted(浪费)it.”“Youhavewastedyourtime,”hismothersaid.“NowIhavewastedmine.Lookattheterriblethingwehavedone.”Menciuslearntalotfromthislesson.Afterthat,healwaysstudiedhard.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。,1.Whendidthisstoryhappen?___________A.Notlongbeforeliberation(解放)B.Morethan2000yearsagoC.About400yearsago    D.Inthe18thcentury2.Menciusandhismotherwerequitepoorbecause_________.A.theyhadtospendalotofmoneyonbeautifulandexpensiveclothB.Menciuswasyoungandhecouldn’tworkC.hisfatherdiedwhenMenciuswasachildD.Mencius’schoolingcostthemmuchmoney3.WhatwasMenciusdoingwhilehismotherwascuttingthecloth?A.Hewasreadinghisbook. B.Hewasplayinginthefields.C.Hewastryingtohelpher. D.Hewaswatchingstrangely(奇怪地.)4.WhenthemotherknewMenciushadplayedinthefields,shewas_________.A.pleased   B.surprised   C.sad   D.happy5.Themothercuttheclothbecause________. A.shethoughtmakingclothwaswastingtime B.shewantedtomakemorebeautifulcloth C.shewantedtoteachhersonalesson D.shewantedhersontodohislessonsatonceB,Everyoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearejustthesame.Sometimesfriendsdon'tgetalongwell.Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeupandgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Itcouldbethatwewouldevenseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.There’smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylivelongerthanpeoplewhodon't.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.6.Thefirstparagraph(段)tellsus______.  A.noneneedfriends  B.wealwaysneedfriendsaroundus  C.makingfriendsistheneedinpeople’slife D.weneedtobealone,7.Whichofthefollowingiswhatthewriterdoesn'tsayinthepassage?  A.Peoplearenothappywhentheirfriendsleavethem.  B.peoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveaway.  C.Peoplecanknowtheirfriendsindifferentways.  D.Peopleliketheirfriendsverymuchiftheygettoknowthem.8.Whichofthefollowingismostprobablytheplacepeoplenameafterfriendlypeople? A.city.    B.Aroom.    C.Atown.    D.Alibrary.9.Peoplewhohavefriendslivelongerthanpeoplewhodon'tbecause______.  A.theyfeelhappierandarehealthy  B.theygetalotofhelpfromtheirfriends  C.theytakebettercareofthemselves  D.bothAandC10.Themainideaofthispassageis______.   A.thatpeopleareallfriends   B.thatpeopleneedfriendsC.howtogettoknowfriends  D.howtonameaplace综合训练答案:Ⅰ.1.other’s 2.founded 3.rose 4.failed  5.received 6.foreigners ,7.development 8.flight 9.broken 10.(had)invented 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.AⅡ.1.D 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.BⅢ.1.Wereused,easily2.with 3.Both,and,areteachers 4.haven’tseen 5.if/whether,enjoys6.Howlong  7.haven’t,yet 8.howtoⅣ.1.speak 2.Hold 3.right 4.speaking/calling 5.This 6.take 7.call/ring 8.leave 9.help 10.welcomeⅤ.1.madeof  2.seen,draw  3.whatI 4.ahistoryof,thousand  5.hasbeenawayfrom  6.haswritten,since,came 7.notto  8.without,helpⅥ.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.BⅦ.1—5BCDCC 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.BJUNIORBOOKIII(下)一.知识网络【重点内容概要】1.过去完成时2.购物用语及书信格式3.能运用so…that和sothat引导的状语从句4.动词不定式作主语,5.定语从句【句型、词组精讲】seemseem意为“似乎”、“好象”,为不及物动词,常用于以下几种结构:1.后面可接不定式的一般式(seemtodosth.),不定式的进行式(seemtobedoingsth.)和不定式的完成式(seemtohavedonesth.)。如:Sheseemstoberight. 看来她好像是对的。Jackseemstobedoinghishomework.杰克好像正在做家庭作业。2.可接从句,构成句型“Itseems/seemedthat…”意为“看起来好像……”。如:Itseemsthatheisright.看来他好像是对的。Itseemsthathehasreadthebook.看来他好像已读过这本书。3.后接形容词作表语。如:Theteacherseemsangry.老师看起来很生气。Thisbookseemsquiteinteresting.这本书看起来很有趣。4.后接名词、动词ing形式或介词短语。如:Sheseemsaclevergirl.她看上去是个聪明的女孩。Itseemsraining.天好像要下雨。Heseemsathome.他好像在家里。,5.还可用于therebe句型中,表示“似乎有……”。如:Thereseemstobenobodyintheclassroom.教室里似乎没有人。 “是否”if&whether1.if和whether在其引导的宾语从句中作“是否”解时,一般情况下,两者可通用。但if常用于口语中,whether比较正式。2.if和whether在下列情况下不能通用。(1)作介词宾语时用whether,而不用if。如:I’minterestedinwhetherhe’llgoout.(2)whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句之前,if则不能。如:Whetherthisistrueornot,I’mnotsure.(3)与动词不定式连用时,只能用whether。如:Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoJapan.(4)宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时,只能用if。如:Iwanttoknowifhewon’tcomeheretomorrow.表示“也”种种初中英语教材中出现了六个意思相当于汉语“也”的单词,用法比较广泛,现分述如下:1.too用在肯定句中,放在句末,前面可用逗号与句子隔开,也可不用;也可放在句子中间,前后都加逗号。如:,(1)Nicetomeetyou,too.见到你我也很高兴。(2)You,too,mayhaveatry. 你也可以试一试。2.either用在否定句中,常放在句末,前面常用逗号与句子隔开。如:Hecan’tsing.Ican’tsing,either.他不会唱歌,我也不会。3.also放在句子中间,不用逗号隔开。如:ShealsolikesEnglish.她也喜欢英语。4.so用在肯定句中,常用句式为:so+助动词、系动词或情态动词+主语,表示前面说的情况也适用于后者。如:(1)A:Tomlikesdancing.汤姆喜欢跳舞。B:SodoI.我也喜欢。(2)LiLeiwenttotheparkyesterdayandsodidI.李雷昨天去公园了,我也去了。(3)Iamateacherandsoisshe.我是位教师,她也是。5.neither用在否定句中,常用句式为neither+助动词、情态动词或系动词+主语,表示前面说的情况也适用于后者。如:(1)Mybrotherdoesn’tlikeplayingfootballandneitherdoI.我弟弟不喜欢踢足球,我也不喜欢。,(2)A:HanMeimeican’tdraw.韩梅梅不会画画。    B:NeithercanI.我也不会。(3)Sheisn’trightandneitheramI.她不对,我也不对。6.nor用法如同neither。区别为neither用于两者之间;nor用于两者或两者以上。如:(1)WeiFanghasnostory-books.Neither(Nor)doI.魏芳没有故事书。我也没有。(2)WeiFanghasnostory-books.NordoI.Nordoyou.魏芳没有故事书。我也没有。你也没有。7.以上有些句式可以相互转换。如:(1)Hecan’tsing.Ican’tsing,either.   Hecan’tsing.Neither/NorcanI.(2)MysisterlikessingingandsodoI.    MysisterlikessingingandIlikeit,too.(3)Shealsogoestoworkbybike.      Shegoestoworkbybike,too.【语法精讲】被动语态主动语态变被动语态必须注意下面几个问题。谓语动词的人称和数应和主动结构的宾语保持一致。如:,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastmonth.→Thetallbuildingwasbuiltlastmonth.与原句时态应保持一致。如:TheywillspeakEnglish.→Englishwillbespoken.动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by短语可省略。(如没握最好不要省。)如:WespeakEnglishinourschool.→Englishisspoken(byus)inourschool.主动结构中作宾补的不定式可以省去to,但变为被动语态时必须加上to.如:Hemademefinishtheworkatonce.→Iwasmadetofinishtheworkatonce.被动句中by短语和with等短语用法不同:强调动作的执行者要用by;表示状态或主动者所用的工具或手段要用with。如:Theworkwasdonebyhim.Themountainwascoveredwithsnow.当主动语态含有双宾语时可将任何一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不变,但当直接宾语作主语时,要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:Mysistergavemeapenyesterday.→Apenwasgiventomebymysisteryesterday./Iwasgivenapen(bymysister)yesterday. “主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型变为被动语态时,只能将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,而宾补不变。如:Iheardhersingasonginthenextroom.→Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroom.Isawhimgettingonabus.→Hewasseengettingonabus.   , 当主动语态的动词是短语动词时,变为被动语态时不能将动词后的介词或副词丢掉。如:Hesentforthedoctoratonce.→Thedoctorwassentforatonce.当主动语态的谓语或宾语部分含有不定式时,变为被动句时要将不定式变为被动结构。如:Heisgoingtodohishomework.→Hishomeworkisgoingtobedone.下面几种情况主动语态不能改为被动语态。(1)当宾语是myself等反身代词时;(2)当谓语是表示状态的动词如:have,own,hold等时;(3)当宾语是动词的ing形式时;(4)当宾语是相互代词时;(5)当宾语是表示数量,重量、大小或程度等时。动词不定式1.动词不定式作定语时,不定式所表示的动作与其所修饰的中心词之间一般有三种关系:(1)动宾关系:即动词不定式所表示的动作与其所修饰的中心词之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:Shehasalotofworktodo.句中不定式todo与work构成动宾关系。说明:当作定语的不定式为不及物动词时或不定式虽是及物动词,但不能与中心词构成合理搭配时,不定式后要加适当的介词。如:Wehavenothingtoworryabout.Theyarelookingforahousetoeatin.(2)主谓关系:中心词与不定式所表示的动作之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系,即中心词是不定式动作的发出者。如:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocometoschool.句中的thefirst是cometoschool的逻辑主语,即这个动作的发出者。(3)同位关系:作定语的不定式是对中心词内容的解释和说明。如:Thisisthebestway,toworkouttheproblem.句中的way的内容是toworkouttheproblem.2.“疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如:Hedidn’tknowhowtodoit.Thequestioniswhentostart.说明:                          (1)当句子谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等时,其后的宾语从句可简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构,但主句与从句的主语必须一致。如:Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.→Idon’tknowwhattodonext.(2)当句子的谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等,其后带双宾语,且从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可转换成“疑问句+不定式”结构。如:PleasetellmewhereIcanfindher.→Pleasetellmewheretofindher.过去完成时1.过去完成时的构成:由“助动词+had+过去分词”构成。如:ThefilmhadbegunbeforeIgottothecinema.2.过去完成时的用法:1)完成法:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间常用以下几种方式表达:(1)by,before等构成的短语表示。如:Wehadlearned20Englishsongsbytheendoflastyear.,Theyhadgonehomebeforefiveo’clock.(2)用when,before等引导的从句表示。如:Ihadwaitedforhalfanhourwhenthebuscame.HehadgonehomebeforeIgottohisoffice.(3)通过上下文表示。如:Tomsaidthatthehadseenthegirlbefore.2)持续法:表示从过去某一时间开始,持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。往往与for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用,这种用法如同现在完时,谓语动词只能用be、live、study、work等表示延续性的动词或表示状态的动词。如:Shesaidshehadworkedheresince1968.IhadtaughtEnglishfortwelveyearsbeforeIcametothisschool.说明:                             (1)在带有after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如:Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadreturned.(=Hecalledonmesoonafterthereturned.)他回来不久便来拜访我。(2)对于一连串的过去动作,其发生的先后顺序,有时可以由动词的词汇意义来表示,无需再用过去完成时。如:Shelookedaroundbutsawnothing.她环顾四周,但什么也没看到。Hecameinandsaidhellotoeveryone.他进来向每一个人问好。,宾语从句反馈一、从句是陈述句1.引导词:用that连接(口语中that常省略)2.时态:(1)主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据实际情况用各种时态。(2)主句是过去时态时,从句多用过去的某种时态与之相呼应。(若从句是属于客观真理的,则用一般现在时态)。如:Hesaidthathemissedusverymuch.Theteachersaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.二、从句是一般疑问句1.引导词:用if(whether)连接。2.语序:由疑问句语序改为陈述句语序,即:(1)主语在先,谓语在后。(2)有助动词do,does,did等则要去掉。3.标点:主句是肯定句的,句末用句号;主句是问句的,则句末用问号。如:HeaskedifMr.Brownwasadoctor.DoyouknowifMr.Brownisadoctor?三、从句是特殊疑问句1.引导词:用原疑问词连接。,2.语序:用陈述句语序。(1)原疑问词是主语的,则不用变。(2)其余的要把谓语放在主语之后。如:Canyoutellmewhowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknowwhenclasseswillbegin.3.主语是问句,句末要用问号。四、三种情况的共同点和不同点                   A.共同点:(1)主句是过去时态时,从句都用过去的时态。(2)语序都用陈述语序。(3)若是客观真理时,时态都不变。B.不同点:(1)引导词不同(1)that (2)if(whether) (3)原疑问词。(2)句末标点符号不同,主句是陈述句的,句末用句号;主句是疑问句的,句末用问号。(3)主句是现在时态时,则根据句意用相应的时态。二.考试热点1.被动语态的三种时态:一般现在时的被动语态,一般过去时的被动语态和含情态动词的被动语态。作为考点常见于选择填空题、句型转换题和动词时态填空题中。另一考点为计量的表达方法。,2.通过购物、看病、书信等对话、文章,使学生能进行日常交际了英文书信的格式和书写,从而考查学生听、说、读、写的能力。此考点常见于完成对题和书面表达题中。3.理解so…that和though引导的状语从句及动词不定式和疑问词连用、动词定式作定语的用法。常见题型为句型转换题。三.重、难点突破1.过去完成时的用法和构成,教材有叙述,在使用这个时态时要注意它与过去时有关系,即所说的“过去的过去”,以下介词短语常用于过去完成时。by+过去时间,bytheendof+过去时间,bythetime+从句(过去时)等。另外要注意,在过去完成时中,短暂动作动词不能与for+时段,since+时点连用。2.so…that意为“如此……以致……”,that后常借结果状语从句。So…that中间是带形容词还是副词,由谓语动词来决定。so…that从句可以变为too…(forsb.)todo或…enough(forsb.todo)的简单句。3.关于so与such这两个词都表示“这么”、“这样”、“如此”之意,但两者用法不同。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词短语,其用法:such(a/an)adj.+n.(注意:若名词前有many、much、few、little等词时只能用so)so是副词,常置于所修饰的形容词、副词之前,其用法:so+adj.+a/an+n.。so还有代词用法。4.英文书信格式一份正规的信应主要包括四个部分:1)右上角是写信人的地址和写信日期。地址应从小写到大,地址下面要写日期。2)对收信人的称呼。一般称呼前都要用Dear。3)内容。这是信件的主体。,4)签名。签名前应写Yours这类的字样。5)关于购物用语。四.典型例题[例1] 动词填空He______(tell)toreturnhisbooktothelibraryyesterdaymorning.分析 此题根据句意“他”应归还书籍,不是自己告知,而是“被人告知”,所以这里应填被动语态形式。由于句尾yesterdaymorning表明过去时态,故应填wastold.[例2] ________ofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.A.Twothree  B.Twothrees   C.Twothirds   D.Secondthree分析此题考查学生对英语分数的表达。英语的分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,先读分子,后读分母。当分子大于1时,分母就加s,变为复数,故此题答案为C。[例3] Helikesthebookbutit_______toomuch.A.pays  B.costs  C.takes  D.spends分析 此题考查学生对同义词的理解。spend,pay,take,cost都有“花费”之意,但它们有区别。take表示“花费时间”,主语是动词不定式。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.pay“付款”常与for搭配;spend“花费时间/钱”,常与on搭配,其形式为spend…on,spend…(in)doingsth.。pay和spend的主语应为“某人”。但cost一词“值……钱”主语应为“某物/某事”。故答案为B。[例4]将两句并合为一复合句。Thewordsonthenoticeboardareverysmall.,Ican'tseethemclearly.Thewordsonthenoticeboardare______small______Ican'tseethemclearly.分析此题考查学生对语言的运用所掌握的能力。此题用so…that两词可以把两句合并起来,使它成为一个结果状语从句。即“通知墙报上的字是如此小以致我看不清楚。”另外,此题还可以一个简单句:Thewordsonthenoticeboardaretoomallformetoseeclearly.[例5]同义句转换。Youcandoyourhomeworktodayoryoucandoittomorrow.______todayortomorrow______OKforyoutodoyourhomework.分析此题关键之处是要理解原句之意。同时选用正确的连接词。此题中已有“or”提醒学生应用either…or。“either…or”有“要么……要么”、“或者……或者”之意。后一空格是考查学生either…or其谓语动词“数”的问题,由于tomorrow是单数故后格填is。[例6]填空—_______thepopulationofGermany?—Abouteighty-onemillion.分析问“人口多少”常用What’sthepopulation…?来表达。所以此题应用固定结构,即填What’s。[例7]词语替换。Yourshoesarewornout.Youshouldbuyanewpairinstead.A.toobig   B.toosmall    C.tooold   D.toocheap分析 此题考查学生对词语的理解。beworn,out是“被穿破”之意,即“旧了”。而不存在“太大,太不,太便宜”的问题,所以答案为C。[例8]正误例析1)那群女孩继续向前移动。误:Thegroupofgirlsallmoved.正:Thegroupofgirlsallmovedon.分析英语中有些表示位移的动词,如pass,go,move,walk等与on连用,往往含有动作的继续之意。如:passon继续传递,goon继续进行,moveon继续向前移动,walkon继续走动等。2)你能告诉我去博物馆的路吗?误:Canyoutellmethewaygotothemuseum?正:Canyoutellmethewaytothemuseum?分析thewayto…这一结构中to…是介词短语,作定语,修饰theway。英语中类似这种表达还有:theanswertothequestion问题的答案,thekeytothedoor门上的钥匙等。另外有关问路的句型还有:Canyoutellmehowtogettothe…?CanyoutellmehowIcangettothe…?Canyoushowmetheway…?HowcanIgetto…?等。五.强化训练及答案I.词汇A)根据句意及词首字母写出所缺单词。1.Kate’sparentsputpresentsineacho______stockings.2.ThePLAwasf____onAugust1,1927.,3.Wegotupearlyinthemorningbeforethesunr_________.4.I’msorrytotellyouthatyouf______thehistoryexamagain.5.Sher_____aletterfromherfatheryesterday.B)根据句意,用所给单词的正确形式填空。6.Alotof______(foreign)visitedourschoollastSunday.7.Withthe_______ofscience,ourlifeisgettingbetterandbetter.(develop)8.Doyouknowthe______(fly)numberleavingforBeijing?9.Shecan’tgoanyfartherwithher______legs.(break)10.Theydidn’tknowwho______(invent)thefridge.C)词语理解:根据所给句子划线部分的意思,从四个选项中选出最佳答案。11.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonforanhour.A.hasbegunforanhour    B.beganatone’oclockC.begananhourago   D.beganforanhour12.MyfatherjoinedthePartywhenhewastwenty.A.isaPartymember   B.isinthePartymemberC.becameaPartymember   D.wantedtobeaPartymember13.Shestoppedcryingandlistenedtothemusic.A.stoppedtocry  B.didn’tcryanymore  C.couldn’tcrymuchmore  D.begancrying,14.Ifyouwanttoworkoutthisdifficultproblem,youmustuseyourhead.A.askforhelp   B.thinkof   C.thinkhard    D.findway15.Haveyoureceivedanylettersfromyourparentsthesedays?A.heardfrom   B.listened   C.talked   D.reportedII.选择填空1.Theheavysnow______arrivingintime. A.letthetrainnot       B.madethetrainnotto C.stoppedthetrainof    D.stoppedthetrainfrom2.Myparents______about1,000yuanformyschooleducation(教育)eachyear.  A.spend  B.take  C.cost  D.pay3.Themedicine______cool,cleananddry.     A.mustkeep  B.mustbekept  C.mustbecarried  D.mustbein4.In_______time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.  A.fewyears  B.afewyears’  C.afewyear  D.afewyear’s5.Mygrandfathercould______read______writebecausehewastoopoortogotoschoolintheolddays.  A.either...or  B.neither...nor  C.both...and D.notonly...butalso6.There'shardly______milkinthebottle,______there?,  A.no,isn't   B.some,is    C.little,isn't  D.any,is7.Thestudentsshouldlearn______frombooks______fromlife.  A.so,as    B.both,and    C.either,or   D,neither,nor8.Thepopulationisgrowingfasterin_____developedcountriesthanin______developedcountries.  A.more,little  B.less,more    C.more,less  D.little,more9.Chinaisfamous______herGreatWall.   A.as      B.for        C.to         D.of10.—Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamoftheschool?  —Abouttwoyears.    A.beenon    B.beenat     C.joined    D.played11.We’llhave______holiday.Whatareyougoingtodo?  A.twodays  B.two-days’  C.atwo-day  D.atwo–days12.Thesmallboydidn’tknowwhattime_______withpresents.  A.hisfatherfilledhisstockings   B.didhisfatherfillhisstockings  C.washisfatherfillinghisstockings  D.hisfatherhasfilledhisstockings13.OnNewYear’sDayallthechildren_______andenjoythemselves.  A.dressin  B.dressthemselvesup  C.dressthemselves  D.dressbeautifulclothes,14.Ihavewritten_______downonthislist.  A.itofall   B.intheall   C.allit    D.itall15.Theman______in1992,he_____fortenyears.  A.died,wasdead   B.died,hasbeendead  C.wasdead,hasdies  D.wasdead,hasbeendied16.—Whatagoodstudentyouare!—_______.  A.Thankyou.  B.That’sright.  C.Ishoulddomore  D.Don’tsaythat17.Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ifit_______,we’llgotothepark.  A.rain   B.won’t   C.doesn’train  D.willrain18.—Couldyoutellme______?—Yes.They_______tothelibrary.A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherethetwinsare,havegoneC.wherewerethetwins,havebeenD.wherethetwinswere,havegone19.Doyouknow_______?  A.howusingacomputer   B.howtouseacomputer  C.howusedacomputer   D.howacomputertouse20.Theboysis______tocookforhimself.  A.youngerenough    B.oldenough,  C.enoughyoung      D.enougholdⅢ.句型转换。1.Didyouusecomputerstomaketheforeignlanguageeasytolearn? _______computers_______tohelpyoulearntheforeignlanguage_______?2.Thepoortruckwentpast,andtherewasheavysmokebehindit. Thepoortruckwentpast______heavysmokebehindit.3.Hisbrotherisateacher.Hissisterisateacher. ______hisbrother______hissister____________.4.It’salongtimesincewemetlast. We____________eachotherforalongtimesincewemetlast.5.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?  Couldyoutellus______Mr.Brown______livinginChina.6.TheyhavelivedinShiyanformorethantenyears.(对划线部分提问)_________________havetheylivedinShiyan?7.They’vevisitedtheSummerPalacealready.(改为否定句) They_______visitedtheSummerPalace_________.8.CouldyoutellmehowIcananswerthequestioninEnglish?(改为简单句)  Couldyoutellme_____________answerthequestioninEnglish?IV.补全对话。,根据对话情景填入所缺单词,使对话完整、通顺。A:Hello,mayI_1_____toJohn,please.B:_2______onforamoment,please.I’msorryheisn’there3______now.Who’sthat4_____,please?A:_5______isMary.I’mhisclassmate.B:Hello,Mary.CanI6_____amessage?A:Yes,pleaseaskhimtogivemea_7_____thisafternoon,OK?B:Yes,isyournumber3394564?A:Yes.B:OK.I’ll_8____themessageonhisdesk.A:Thankyouforyourkind_9______.B:You’re10_____.Seeyou.V.完成句子。1.这张桌子是由木头做的。 Thetableis_________________wood.2.人们常看见他画画。Heisoften_______to_______pictures.3.你听见我的话了吗?Didyouhear_____________said?4.长城有两千多年的历史了。TheGreatWallhas_________________________morethantwo______years.,5.那个年轻人离开家乡已经有两年半了。 Theyoungman______________________________hishometownfortwoandahalfyears.6.汤姆到中国以来已经给他父母写了好几封信。 Tom____________severalletterstohisparents_______he______toChina.7.老师告诉我们不要在课堂上大吵大闹。 Theteachertoldus______________makealotofnoiseinclass.8.没有你的帮助,她不能按时完成这项工作。 Shecouldn’tfinishtheworkontime________your______.VI.完形填空OnceamannamedHenryfoundaboxofoldpapers(文件)inaroom.He 1  mostofthem,forhedidn'tlikeoldthingsverymuch.  2  oneofthesepaperswasanoldletter.Itwaswrittenbyafamouswriter(作者).    “Whenthisletterwaswritten,”saidHenry,“  3   knewaboutthewriter.Butnoweveryoneknowshim.Somepeopleliketo  4  andkeepletterslikethis.IwillgetalotofmoneyforthisletterifIsellittotherightman.”    Therewerealotofdirtymarks(斑迹)allovertheletter.Hethought,“Itdoesn'tlook 5  .Noonewantstobuyaletterifit'sdirty.Sohecleanedtheletter  6  .Atlastitlookednewandhewasverypleased.Hetookthelettertoa  7  inNewYork,Heknewthatoldpapersofthiskindwereboughtandsoldthere.”,    Themanintheshoplookedattheletterforalongtime.Thenhesaid,“I’ll  8  youtendollars.”    “Onlytendollars?”saidHenry.“Butpeoplepayahundred  9  aletterlikethis.I'vecleaneditandmadeitlooknice.”    “Icanseethat,”saidtheman.“That'sthe  10 .Peoplewhobuyoldpaperslikethemtobedirty.”1.A.took      B.burnt     C.wrote      D.kept2.A.And       B.Because   C.But        D.If3.A.Noone     B.Anyone   C.All         D.Everyone4.A.read      B.see        C.buy        D.sell5.A.dirty     B.true        C.worried     D.nice6.A.carefully  B.kindly      C.heavily     D.suddenly7.A.market    B.shop      C.library       D.bookshop8.A.spend     B.lend       C.send        D.give9.A.on        B.in         C.for         D.with10.A.difficulty  B.problem    C.question    D.answer阅读理解AWhenMencius(孟子)wasasmallboy,hisfatherdied.SoMenciusandhismotherwerequitepoor.OnedayMenciusreturnedhomefromschoolandfoundhismothermakingsomecloth(布).Itwasverybeautifulandexpensive.,“Howmuchofyourbookhaveyoureadtoday?”Mencius’motheraskedhim.Menciusthrewdownhisbook.“Ihaven’treadanyofit,”hereplied,“Iplayedwithsomefriendsofmineinthefields.”Whenhismotherheardthis,shepickedupapairofscissors(剪刀)andcutthecloth.“Whyhaveyoucutyourcloth?”Menciusasked.“Itwassobeautifulandnowyou’vewasted(浪费)it.”“Youhavewastedyourtime,”hismothersaid.“NowIhavewastedmine.Lookattheterriblethingwehavedone.”Menciuslearntalotfromthislesson.Afterthat,healwaysstudiedhard.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。1.Whendidthisstoryhappen?___________A.Notlongbeforeliberation(解放)B.Morethan2000yearsagoC.About400yearsago    D.Inthe18thcentury2.Menciusandhismotherwerequitepoorbecause_________.A.theyhadtospendalotofmoneyonbeautifulandexpensiveclothB.Menciuswasyoungandhecouldn’tworkC.hisfatherdiedwhenMenciuswasachildD.Mencius’schoolingcostthemmuchmoney3.WhatwasMenciusdoingwhilehismotherwascuttingthecloth?A.Hewasreadinghisbook. B.Hewasplayinginthefields.C.Hewastryingtohelpher. D.Hewaswatchingstrangely(奇怪地.),4.WhenthemotherknewMenciushadplayedinthefields,shewas_________.A.pleased   B.surprised   C.sad   D.happy5.Themothercuttheclothbecause________. A.shethoughtmakingclothwaswastingtime B.shewantedtomakemorebeautifulcloth C.shewantedtoteachhersonalesson D.shewantedhersontodohislessonsatonceBEveryoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearejustthesame.Sometimesfriendsdon'tgetalongwell.Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeupandgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Itcouldbethatwewouldevenseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.,Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.There’smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylivelongerthanpeoplewhodon't.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.6.Thefirstparagraph(段)tellsus______.  A.noneneedfriends  B.wealwaysneedfriendsaroundus  C.makingfriendsistheneedinpeople’slife D.weneedtobealone7.Whichofthefollowingiswhatthewriterdoesn'tsayinthepassage?  A.Peoplearenothappywhentheirfriendsleavethem.  B.peoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveaway.  C.Peoplecanknowtheirfriendsindifferentways.  D.Peopleliketheirfriendsverymuchiftheygettoknowthem.8.Whichofthefollowingismostprobablytheplacepeoplenameafterfriendlypeople? A.city.    B.Aroom.    C.Atown.    D.Alibrary.9.Peoplewhohavefriendslivelongerthanpeoplewhodon'tbecause______.  A.theyfeelhappierandarehealthy,  B.theygetalotofhelpfromtheirfriends  C.theytakebettercareofthemselves  D.bothAandC10.Themainideaofthispassageis______.   A.thatpeopleareallfriends   B.thatpeopleneedfriendsC.howtogettoknowfriends  D.howtonameaplace综合训练答案:Ⅰ.1.other’s 2.founded 3.rose 4.failed  5.received 6.foreigners 7.development 8.flight 9.broken 10.(had)invented 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.AⅡ.1.D 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.BⅢ.1.Wereused,easily2.with 3.Both,and,areteachers 4.haven’tseen 5.if/whether,enjoys6.Howlong  7.haven’t,yet 8.howtoⅣ.1.speak 2.Hold 3.right 4.speaking/calling 5.This 6.take 7.call/ring 8.leave 9.help 10.welcomeⅤ.1.madeof  2.seen,draw  3.whatI 4.ahistoryof,thousand  5.hasbeenawayfrom  6.haswritten,since,came 7.notto  8.without,helpⅥ.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.BⅦ.1—5BCDCC 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.B,

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