2022人教版高考英语一轮复习训练：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes（带解析）

A卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．Ratherthancelebrateherachievements,thefamousplayerexpressed(表达)herfrustrationathermistakes.2．Whenshesawthefiercedog,thelittlegirlwassofrightened(恐惧的)thatshecouldn'thelpcrying.3．Afterlearningthattheboyshadbeenlostforalmost20hours,thepolicesentoutarescue(营救)teamtolookforthem.4．Toomuchdrinkingwilldodamage(伤害)toyourhealth;youshouldtakethedoctor'sadvice.5．Itisuseless(无用的)discussingthematterwithhim.Hewon'tchangehismind.6．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(灾难)evertohitthearea.7．Isincerely(真诚地)hopethatIcanhavetheopportunitytotalkwiththefamousscientistfacetoface.8．Ourlocalgovernmentreceivedmanylettersofcongratulations(祝贺)fromallwalksoflife.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．Judging(judge)fromtheirspeeches,ConfuciusInstituteshaveanincreasingimpactonthelocalpeople.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Astotheplay,ourweaknessliesinsuchrespectsasroles'facialexpressions(express),logicalstressofdialogueandstageset.3．(2020·天津卷7月)Joneswasshocked(shock)whenshesaidthatshedidn'tactuallymindbeingcheated.4．Whenwolveseatotheranimals,theyusuallykilltheveryyoung,orthesickandinjured(injure)．5．Oncewatercameintothecellphone,itwouldbecomecompletelyuseless(use)．6．Hishousewas_destroyed(destroy)intheearthquakelastyearandhehadtobuildanewone.,7．Ifvisitorsdidn'treceivethewarningmessage,theywouldbe_trapped(trap)intheflood.8．Thecitywhichwasknownforitswonderfulviewslayinruinsaftertheterriblerainstorm.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．OnseeingtheChinesevolleyballteamappearedonthestage,theaudienceburstoutcheering(cheer)．2．AsIdidn'tknowanybodyattheparty,thehostesscametomyrescuebyintroducingmetoafewguests.3．Thehouseissurroundedwithmanybigtreeswhichshelterthehousefromthewind.4．Theterriblyfrighteningaccidentcausedseveraldeaths,leavinghimseriouslyinjured(injure)．5．(2020·浙江卷7月)Ihadtotakeaction,soIpickedmycourageandtriedtofrightenhimawaywiththepepperspray(胡椒喷雾剂),butfinallyfailed.6．Whenthegamefinallyended,bothofuswerelyingflatonourbacks,tootiredtomove.7．Astrangersmiledtomeasifhehad_known(know)meandsmiledagainwhenhefoundhegotthewrongperson.8．Jimenteredthecompetitionwithoutmuchhope，notthinkinghewouldendupwiththefirstprize.Ⅳ.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1．Tom'sinventionwasagreatshockingtotheworldanditwashighthoughtofbymanyfamousscientists.答案：shocking→shock；high→highly2．Manypeoplewrotetoconveytheircongratulationsforhissuccess.Healsoreceivedthenumberofinvitationstointernationalconferences.答案：第一句：for→on；第二句：the→a3．Toourrelief，uptonowtheinjuredinthecrashhasbeencarriedtothenearbyhospital.答案：has→have,4．Theywereextremesadatthethoughtoftheirmissingson.答案：extreme→extremelyⅤ.完成句子/句型转换1．我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。I'veheardthatourschoollibraryisplanningto_buy_a_number_of_new_books,_soIamwritingtorecommendsomebooks.2．一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。Ayoungcoupleinaboatwereeating,talkingandlaughingloudlyas_if_they_were_the_only_people_in_the_world．3．(全国卷Ⅲ)我不能和你一起去书店了，因为我身体太虚弱了以至于无法走出我的卧室。ThereasonwhyIcan'tgotothebookstorewithyouisthatI'mtoo_weak_to_walk_out_ofmybedroom.4．Themeetingwasfinishedandhesetdownmanykeypoints.→Themeetingwas_at_an_endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.→Themeetingcame_to_an_endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.5．Allbodylanguagedoesn'tmeanthesamethingindifferentcountries,suchasnodding.→Not_all_body_language_means_the_same_thingindifferentcountries,suchasnodding.B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解ANorthernSumatra,IndonesiaMagnitude(震级)—8.6,Date—March28,2005AnearthquakehappenedatSumatraIslandsinthetouristymonthofMarch.Beinganislandarea,theearthquakegaverisetoatsunami(海啸)waveandspreadtoareasasfarasSriLanka.Thenumberofdeathsisabout1，500,withmorethan400peoplegettinginjured.RatIslands,Alaska,Magnitude—8.7,Date—April02,1965Thisearthquakeonlyhappenedinsidewaterandallthelosseswerebecauseofthetsunamiwavescausedbyit.Thequakegaverisetoahugetsunamicausingalossofthousandsofdollars.Thegoodnewsinthisquakewasthatnohumanlossorinjurieswerereportedintheseislands.BioBio,ChileMagnitude—8.8,Date—February27,2010Thisquakehappenedtotakethelivesofmorethan500people.Thetsunamicausedbythisquakeaddedtotheeffectsbyforcinghundredsofthousandsofpeopletoleavetheirhome,ofwhichabout50arestillmissing.Thenumberofinjuredpeoplereachedalevelof12，000,thusmakingoneoftheworstearthquakesofthehumanhistory.Sumatra,IndonesiaMagnitude—9.1,Date—December26,2004Havingitsnametwiceinthelist,itisclearthatSumatracomesintheareathatismostprone(易于……的)toearthquakes.Just3monthsbeforetheearthquakeof8.6magnitude,thisquakecausedmuchmorelossoflifeandwealththanthelaterone！Theearthquakegaverisetoahugetsunamikillingabout300thousandpeopleallaroundthecountriesofSouthAfricaandSouthAsia.【解题导语】　文章介绍了历史上发生的几次地震及其带来的危害。1．Theearthquakeduringwhichnobodywasinjuredhappenedin________.A．2005B．1965C．2010D．2004B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thegoodnewsinthisquakewasthatnohumanlossorinjurieswerereportedintheseislands.”可知，没有人员伤亡的地震发生在1965年。2．Whichareaismostlikelytobehitbyanearthquake?A．Sumatra.B．RatIslands.C．BioBio.D．SouthAsia.,A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“itisclearthatSumatracomesintheareathatismostprone(易于……的)toearthquakes”可知，苏门答腊岛是最容易发生地震的地区。3．Wheredidoneoftheworstearthquakesofthehumanhistoryhappened?A．RatIslands.B．BioBio.C．SouthAsia.D．Sumatra.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thenumberofinjuredpeoplereachedalevelof12，000,thusmakingoneoftheworstearthquakesofthehumanhistory.”可知，史上危害最严重的地震之一发生在比奥比奥。BAseriesofsmallearthquakeshaveshakencentralNebraskaandbecomethetalkofthearea.Accordingtotheinformationonawebsite,therehavebeenseveralquakessincethe9ththismonthintheheartofthestate,centeredonthetownArnold,whichisabout225mileswestofthecapitalLincoln.Thefirst,a3.3magnitudequake,happenedearlythatmorning,followedbythreeonthefollowingday,anotheronSunday,andthenthemostrecentearthquakeonMonday.Thestrongestquakewasthefirstonethatstruckonthe10th,whichreachedamagnitudeof3.7.Theearthquakeswerefoundaboutthreemilesbelowthesurface.Therehaven'tbeenanyreportsofhumaninjuryordamageofbuildingscausedbythequakes,accordingtoKWBE,aradiostation.“Itisjustkindofstrange，”BeckyDailey,treasureroftheArnoldChamberofCommerce,toldthatstation,addingthatpeoplearoundtownarerunningaroundandtalkingaboutthefrequentquakes.Actuallysmallquakeslikethesearenotunusual.JusttwominutesbeforeNebraska'smostrecentearthquake,aseparateoneshookacityintheDominicanRepublic,reachingamagnitudeof2.5.Acoupleofhourslater,a2.7magnitudeearthquakehitanareanearAguanga,inSouthernCalifornia'sRiversideCounty.ThereweretwomorethatdayindifferentareasofPuertoRico:a2.9magnitudequakeanda3.1magnitudequake.Thosewereallsmall,butstrongerquakesregularlyrocktheworld—justnotsooften.Earthquakesareusuallycausedwhenrockundergroundsuddenlybreaks.This,suddenreleaseofenergycausesthewavesthatmakethegroundshake.Twoblocksofrockortwoplatesarerubbing(摩擦)againsteachother.Afterawhile,therocksbreakbecauseofallthepressurethatisbuiltup.Whentherocksbreak,theearthquakehappens.【解题导语】　美国的内布拉斯加州一连发生了六次轻微地震。本文介绍了地震的相关情况。4．WhatdoweknowaboutthequakesinNebraska?A．Thereweresixquakesinall.B．Theyallhappenedwithin24hours.C．TheywerecenteredonthecapitalLincoln.D．Thebiggestonereachedamagnitudeof4.0.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thefirst,a3.3magnitudequake,happenedearlythatmorning,followedbythreeonthefollowingday,anotheronSunday,andthenthemostrecentearthquakeonMonday.”可知，一共发生了六次轻微地震。5．AccordingtoKWBE,thequakesinNebraskamostprobably________．A．causedmanybuildingstofallB．causeddamagetothecropsC．werenotfeltbythelocalsD．werenotdangerousD　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Therehaven'tbeenanyreportsofhumaninjuryordamageofbuildingscausedbythequakes,accordingtoKWBE”可知，这些轻微地震都不危险。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A．Thatnohumangotinjuredinthequakes.B．Thatquakeshappenedtheresofrequently.C．Thatanearthquaketookplaceinthestate.D．Thatpeoplekepttalkingaboutthequakes.,B　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“addingthatpeoplearoundtownarerunningaroundandtalkingaboutthefrequentquakes”可知，it指的是频繁发生地震的现象。这种现象在贝基·戴利看来是很奇怪的。7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningthequakesinparagraph2?A．Somanyquakeshappenedonthe9th.B．Smallquakescanbeeasiertofindnow.C．Nobigearthquakeshappenedthesedays.D．Smallquakesareactuallyverycommon.D　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段中的“Actuallysmallquakeslikethesearenotunusual.”可知，后面提到那些地震都是为了证明轻微地震很普遍。Ⅱ.完形填空IservedasaNewportBeachoceanlifeguardinOrangeCounty,California.Lateinashift,anotherlifeguard,Mike,phonedme,“Hey,Igotacoupleofkidsplayingclosetothedangerouswatersection.I'mgoingtogivethema__1__.Keepaneyeoutforanythingunusual.”Sureenough,assoonashe__2__，ahugewavesuckedthetwokidsintothewater.Mikesawitandrushedtowardstheocean.Theirmother__3__whatwashappening.Shewasonherfeet,__4__.BeforeIwasevenhalfwaythere,Mikehad__5__intothedeepwatertopullthemup.Theywereso__6__thattheycouldn'twalk,soMikewascarryingthem,oneundereach__7__．Themotherletoutasighofrelief.__8__，anewkindofpanicwashedoverherasthoughtherewassomenew,equallydangerous__9__toherkids'lives.Sherushedtoseizeherkidsandleft,notevensayinga“thankyou”．Mikehada__10__growingexperience.Hisfrighteningtattoos(文身)andshavedheadwithscarsshowedhewasn'tthe__11___lifeguardonthebeach.I__12__，Ididn'treallygetalongwithMike.Buteverythinghe__13__inPR(公关)skillswasmadeupforinhissavingability.Ifanyotherlifeguardhadbeen__14__thatnight,therewouldhavebeenaverygood__15__thatthemotherwasn'tgoinghomewithbothherkids.,Icouldn't__16__thedepthofherterrorandherassessmentofMike.Maybehewasn'therideaofaknightinshiningarmor.Butthatdidn'tchangethefactthathehadjust__17__herkids.Thatwasovertenyearsago.IfyouaskMikeaboutittoday,Idoubtifhe'llstillremember,butIwon't__18__.AsIjoggedbacktoworkthatday,I__19__myselfI'dneverletmyownfearand__20__preventmefromrecognizingaherowhenIseeone.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者是纽波特的一名海洋救生员，在一次轮班时，他的同事迈克救了两个落水的孩子，但孩子的母亲却因迈克身上的文身和头上的疤，连一句感谢的话都没有说就走了。作者通过这个故事告诉我们，不要因为他人的外貌而对其产生偏见，他们可能是英雄。1．A.lessonB．choiceC．warningD．giftC　解析：根据上文迈克在电话中谈到“Igotacoupleofkidsplayingclosetothedangerouswatersection(我看到两个孩子在危险水域附近玩耍)”可知，迈克是想给他们一个警告(warning)。2．A.hungupB．turnedupC．calledupD．cameupA　解析：根据上文内容可知，迈克给作者打电话说他要去给在危险水域附近玩耍的孩子一个警告，此处应是他一挂断电话，一股巨浪就把两个孩子吞没了。hangup意为“挂断电话”，turnup意为“到达、来到”，callup意为“(给……)打电话”，comeup意为“走上前”。3．A.realizedB．discussedC．confirmedD．recoveredA　解析：结合语境可知，他们的妈妈意识到(realized)发生的事情，就四处走动着大叫(screaming)。4．A.whisperingB．fighting,C．arguingD．screamingD　解析：参见上题解析。5．A.slippedB．sankC．divedD．fellC　解析：根据该句中的“pullthemup”可知，迈克一头扎进深水里把他们拉了出来。dive意为“跳水”，符合题意。6．A.excitedB．tiredC．confusedD．annoyedB　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，落水后人们会在水里挣扎，故此处表示两个孩子累得不能走路了。7．A.legB．armC．shoulderD．footB　解析：根据该句中的“soMikewascarryingthem”可推知，迈克抱着他们，一个手臂下面夹着一个，此处用胳膊(arm)最合适。8．A.ObviouslyB．FortunatelyC．GraduallyD．SuddenlyD　解析：根据空前一句并结合下文中的“Sherushedtoseizeherkidsandleft”可知，突然，这位母亲感到一种新的恐慌。9．A.threatB．anxietyC．surpriseD．fearA　解析：根据下文中的“Sherushedtoseizeherkidsandleft”可推知，这位母亲感觉到好像有某种新的且同样危险的事物威胁着孩子的生命。,10．A.caringB．roughC．normalD．steadyB　解析：根据下文中的“Hisfrighteningtattoos(文身)andshavedheadwithscars”可推知，迈克有过一段艰难的成长经历。11．A.patientB．dullC．friendlyD．strangeC　解析：他的令人害怕的文身还有带着伤疤的光头让人觉得他不是一个友好的(friendly)救生员。12．A.admittedB．believedC．knewD．expectedA　解析：根据空后的“Ididn'treallygetalongwithMike”可知，作者承认自己没有和迈克真正和睦相处过。13．A.owedB．lackedC．allowedD．requiredB　解析：根据该句中的“wasmadeupforinhissavingability”可推知，迈克缺乏公关技巧。14．A.ondutyB．ontimeC．inturnD．invainA　解析：根据语境可知，要是那天晚上是任何其他的救生员值班(onduty)的话，这位母亲很有可能就不会带着两个孩子回家了。15．A.honorB．doubtC．chanceD．fact,C　解析：参见上题解析。chance在此意为“可能性”。16．A.predictB．imagineC．receiveD．followB　解析：根据上文对迈克的描写以及那位母亲看到迈克的反应可推知，作者无法想象(imagine)这位母亲内心恐惧的程度以及她是如何评价迈克的。17．A.returnedB．stoppedC．frightenedD．savedD　解析：根据语境可知，这不能改变迈克救了(saved)她的孩子的事实。18．A.regretB．ignoreC．remindD．forgetD　解析：根据该句中的“Idoubtifhe'llstillremember”可知，如果你今天问迈克关于这件事的情况，“我”不敢肯定他是否还记得，但是“我”不会忘记(forget)。19．A.comfortedB．changedC．promisedD．devotedC　解析：根据语境可知，那天回去工作的时候，“我”向自己保证(promised),绝不能让自己的恐惧和偏见(prejudice)阻止自己去认可一个英雄。20．A.confidenceB．commentC．appreciationD．prejudiceD　解析：参见上题解析。Ⅲ.短文改错(2021·长春普通高中高三统一测试)Mytwelvebirthdaywasthemostunforgettableandspecialone.Onthatday,Ireceivedalifechanginggiftfrommy,grandmother.Itwasthepairofrollerskates.Icouldn'tbelievemyeyewhenIopenedthebox.Theshoesweresobeautiful.Theshoestotalchangedmylife.BecauseinthepastIwasscaredtotalkwithothers,soIusedtohavenofriends.ThemomentIlearnhowtoskate,Ibecameconfidenceandoutgoing.Imadeplentyfriendsbydoingthis.I'mgratefultomygrandmother.NowI'mahappygirlandbelieveinme.Ismilewhenmetnewpeople.答案：Mybirthdaywasthemostunforgettableandspecialone.Onthatday,Ireceivedalifechanginggiftfrommygrandmother.Itwaspairofrollerskates.Icouldn'tbelievemywhenIopenedthebox.Theshoesweresobeautiful.Theshoeschangedmylife.BecauseinthepastIwasscaredtotalkwithothers,Iusedtohavenofriends.ThemomentIhowtoskate,Ibecameandoutgoing.Imadeplentyfriendsbydoingthis.I'mgratefultomygrandmother.NowI'mahappygirlandbelievein.Ismilewhennewpeople.①twelve改为twelfth。序数词和基数词混用。该处表示“我的第十二个生日”，应用序数词。②the改为a/one。冠词误用或冠词和限定词混用。此处第一次在语境中出现，应用不定冠词，且pair的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a；此处表示“一双旱冰鞋”，也可用“onepairofrollerskates”表示。③eye改为eyes。名词的单复数误用。eye为可数名词，此处指“我的眼睛”，,为复数概念，故用eye的复数形式eyes。④total改为totally。形容词和副词混用。副词修饰动词，此处修饰动词changed，应用副词形式。⑤删除so。连词多用。because不能和so连用，故删除so。⑥learn改为learned/learnt。动词时态误用。根据主句中的“became”可知，此处陈述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。⑦confidence改为confident。形容词和名词混用。由该句中的and可知，此处与形容词outgoing并列，都作表语，故用形容词confident。⑧plenty后加of。介词漏用。plentyof为固定搭配，意为“众多、大量”。⑨me改为myself。代词误用。此处表示“相信我自己”，应用反身代词myself。⑩met改为meeting。非谓语动词形式误用。分析该句结构可知，主语I和动词meet为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用meet的现在分词形式meeting。